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THE DaAILy

(xanus:—Five DoLuars a YRAR,

NEW SERLES

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“ This is true Liberty, wh« a! Free Bora Wer

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IXAMIN

having to éaviee's the , Public, moy speak free.”

EURIPIDES.

SINGLE Copizks Two Cents

TOWN, ri K. ISLAND.

Cl LA RLOTTE WE! yN ESDA 5

» DECEMB it At 14, ‘1857.

VOL. 22.-NO. 18.

Whe Daily Examiner is issucsl every eveoing by The Examiner Publ:shing Go.

From their office, corner of Water and Great George Streets, ' harlottetown,

Prince Edward Island, —RATES OF SUBSURIPTION— Six montis nek belen tare . 32.50 Three monthe........... was wae bd cas 1,25 yo) Pe Tey PB Pro OTe

Advortisiag at moderate rates,

Contracts may be made for monthly, quar- terly, half-yearly, or yearly advertisements, on application.

ALMANAC FOR DECEMBER, 1887,

MOON'S CHANGES, Last Quarter 7th day, 10h., 58.3m., p.m., N. W. (below horizon.) New Moon 14th day, 3h, 9.0m., p. m., West. First Quarter 22nd day, 2h., 4%.7m,, a, m., N.W. tbe ow horizon.) Ful! Moon 30th day, 4h., 1.8m., a. m., S.W,

»AY Fr WEEK i ‘ M

h m h m,aitr nymorn ;y m

i Thursday 7 234 9 5 210 59/8 4l 2 Friday ov 9 6 13)11 36 gisaturday = | 31 7 Maft 13] 38 4/Sunday | 32 9, 8 il 0 52} 37 5 Monday } 33 9} 9 18) 1 36) 36 3, luesday | 34 8/10 25) 2 24 33 7;Wednesday {| 35 S' Il 38) 31 31 § Thursday | 36 8 morn} 429) 30 g' Friday | 37} 8| 0 51) 5 44) 29 10 Saturday | 38 $12 617 5 2 ll} Sunday 39 8 3 20) 811} 27 12) Monday | 40 s 4 36) 9 3 24 13) Tueslay . @l Si 5 511 9 53] 26 14 Wednesday | 42 8| 7 2110 34) 2 15|\Thursday | 43) 9 8 711 19) 2% 16| Friday | 44 9| 9 Gimorn| 25 17) Saturday | 4 9} 9 53) 0 2) 2 1$}Sunday | 45; 10/10 33) 0 43] 24 iv Monday 46 1Ojll 7j 1 24 24 20) Tuesday 46 1O}11 36) 2 7} 24 21) Wednesday 47; Ljaft 1) 251) 2 22' Thursday , 4 i2; 04 | 3 44) 25 23) Friday 45) 13) 0 49) 4.44) 25 24| Saturday $8; 13) 1 12) 5 50) 26 25) Sunday is 14, 1 32) 6 54; 26 26) Mond: ay 49 15) 2 7) 7 50 36 7| Tuesday 49 15} 2 40) 8 36). 27 23\ Wednesday 49) 16) 3 19) § 20; 27 29;Thursday 49 16, 4 610 1) 28 30|Friday ~ 49) 7|\ 5 0110 40) 28 31 Saturday (7 49\4 17 6 Lil 20/8 28 -PuU k-

B-0-38-T-0-N

WINTER ARR 4 NGENMENT.

———

THE PALACE STEAMERS

INTERHAT ONAL S.S. 69.

Leave St. John fur Boston, via Eastport and Port land, every Monday, aol Thursday at 3.W a. m

—-

Fare from Charlottetown to Boston, 96,50, 2nd class ; $9.50, Ist ciase. ort tickets and other ana XX apply to !

. A SHARP, HALES, i P&L. oe P. EK. L Steam Nav. Co, or to your nearest Ticket Axgont.

Nov. 12, 1837-904 wky i

L. ARTHUR & CO, COMMISSION MERCHANTS,

RECKIVERS OF Mackerel, Butter, Cheese EGGS

' Poultry, Potatoes, Fruit & |

Vegetables.

142, 144 Commercial Street,

BOSTON, MASS. May 18, 1887.

Its an ill wind that blows nobody Good,

PPHE leading Dry Goods firms of the City’

are selling off at 20 and 30 per cent. dis- count (see advts.) Perhaps their profits war- rant the reductions in price; perhaps not. Anyway, it’s a good thing for the purchasers. |

OUR ADVICE.

Don't bay any more Dry Goods than you need because they are cheap. Buy just what you would have boughtif no reductions had been made. Then you will find that you have « good many dollars on hand that you did not expect to have. Now, bring ane dollars over to our store and lay in a stock o

GOOD THINGS TO EAT.

(You can’t live on Dry Goods.) Get a box of Raisins, a few pounds of Currants, 5 or 10 lbs. of Tea (or ahalf chest if you have 4 large family), a good supply of Sugar, Rice, Spices, a tin of Kerosene Oil, and such other verpeye! as youneed. We have a

BiG STOCK,

WHICH WE WILL SELL

VERY Ow:

and the more you buy, the bigger the discount,

GEO. CARTER & C0.,

MARKET SQUARE, Next to Chappelle's Bookstare.

novi4——-law wky

| { }

j '

MENS OVERCOATS

idpieniensiinataivecibelilitii atid a

GREAT Di | We intend to make extensive alterai premises next spring, and a change in our bi: 3» t0 do this must clear out our entire stock. ibs " Goods , Clothing, Carpets, &e., &c :

To dispose of this immense stock within so shorta time, it rntst be sold at a sacrifice, and we shall. there-

fore, give discounts varying from 20up to 89 per cent.

The stock consists of Seasonable and Fashion- able Goods, which are ial marked i: plain figures, and — pricés that are well known to be the lowest in the mar

m | This Sale will be for CASH ONLY.

SE EN TF nea ec

RRIS&STHWART

SUCCESSORS TO GEO. DAVIES & CQO,

Ft A

Ch’town, Novy. 18, 1887.

CHARLOTTETOWN, - - MARKET SQUARE. SUMMERSIDE. - - -

ae WATER STREET. CASH STORES a NEW DRES

GUGDd, MANTLES AND FURS, JAMES PATON & CO. Are Showing Very Large Stocks

DRESS GOODS. MANTLES, FURS, MEiLLINERY, UNDERCLOTHING,

CARPETS, TAPESTRY CURTAINS. WOOL SCARES, GOAT ROBES. FUR COATS.

ae Ne Poe UO RNS RS SS, | FAMILY MOURNING. |

am ee eee

JAMES PATON & CO.

TRY US TRY US

h'town, Nov. 30, 1887. ———————

Carattetawu Boot & Shoe Faett

:O:

| JAMES A. MORRISON. GRORGE MUSGRAVE

| MORRISON & MUSGRAVE, BROKERS

AN D—

BETTER ELA IN BV ER. Commend Merchants

iscsi neionnnionie Old Lasts Throw n Away; NewLasts wHWaLiFrax. Consignments of Island produce will receive

Received. |

| prompt attention. The Long-Locked for Boot at Last. eee ei ae) lane | Macleod, Manager Bank of Nova S¢éotia Great Comfort. Charlotintown, Great Wear. Best Value.

re ae

Go BE BROS

Ch’'town, Nov. 14, 1887—eod & wky

ram es +

WARREN & JONES, TRA MERCHANTS,

71 East Cugear ano 9 & 14 Mincine Lae, ENGLAND. Morrisen &

siceeiat

| Represented in Canada by | Muserave, Halifax. j

Oct. 24, 1887—Im<

| Literary and Scientifie Institute.

REPORT OF PRESIDENT C.

(Continued, )

America has her associations for the ad- vaucement of science. To show how she is putting forth her energy in this respect, it is only necessary to mention that at the uinth International Medical Congress, held at Washington last month, nearly every civilized nation on the globe was represent- ed. About 4000 were present. Among other subjects discussed was Pasteur’s theory of vaccination, as a means of preven- ing yellow fever. The miik supply of cities was largely dwelt upon. In the progress of intelligence, England and America, it is said, have formed an intellectual union,and share in each others highest thoughts. The printing press is more active than ever. ‘*The art of paper-making,” says the Scientific American, ‘* has,reached a point where a tree may be cut down, made into paper and turned out as a newspaper in 36 hours.’ The publication of books, maga- zines, newspapers and periodicals of all kinds, and in all languages is rapidly in- creasing, and not satisfied with these, we have exploration societies and arteology, hard at work digging and exhuming the stone iibraries and monuments, both in classic and Bible lands, whereby the authenticity, if not the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, are verified more and more.

Great mechanical public works are in keeping with the age. Prominent among them, the Panama Canal, which M. De Lesseps announces to the Acadamy of Science, will be opened on the 3rd Feb., 1890. The passage, he says, will then be clear for 20 ships a day, although the work will not then be entirely completed. The annual revenue Yagm the tariff is esti- mated at one hundred million of franes. The London Daily Telegraph, of Ist Oct. last, speaks of the progress of the London and Southwark Subway under construc-

PALMER, Esq.

tion, which, in view of Senator Howlan’s| at

scheme, is worth noticing. This subway, it says, differs essentially from preceding ways subterranean, 2 distinct tunnels, one for the up and one for the down lines, side by side, or now and then superposed one above the other. Eaca of these will be,when complete, an iron tube three miles in length and _ ten feet in diameter, viz. : 18 inches broader than the 2nd class Metro- politan Railway carriage. Mr. Greathead, the engineer, has been greatly praised for a mode of construction which is novel and expeditious. A steel shield overlap- ping, like the eap of a telescope, the for- ward end of theiron tunnel is driven for- ward by hydraulic power as the materia! in front is carried out and simultaneous- ly, segments of an iron lining are built up iaside, under cover of the shield. The shield cuts a circle rather larger than the required tunnel, and the space is filled with cement, a coating impervivuus to water. An inch of cast iron will offer a resistance to crushing as "great as several feet in thickness of brick-work, besides which the metal wall has the advantage of being absolutely water-tight. The new line is 40 to 60 feet under the surface, costing about £200,000 per mile.

A remarkable advance has been made

luring the past year in the art of photo-

gtaphy, as applied to Astronomical obser- vations. This new method of mapping the skies, as distinguished from mere eye obser- vation, recorded by the pencil, was dis- covered by M. Henry, at the Paris Observatory last year. And the result was a meeting of the Paris Astronomical Con- gress in April last, in response to an invi- tation issued by the Academie des Science. It was attended by representatives from different countries, eight being from Eng- land. The meeting was a great success. The result is that an attempt to obtain a photography autobiography of the heavens, and these charts will be the celestial maps of the future. Ten or 12 observatories in different parts of the world will co-operate in the work. Four square degrees will be the surface of each plate. To take the whole heavens will require about 11,000 plates; this would then be ten years for the whole work, the number of stars altogether amounting te ten or twenty millions— truly a gigantic work. Another remark- able advance has beeu made in the same art, in taking what is called composite likenesses, that is by reducing any number of persons likenesses into one typical like- ness.

Preparations for the observation of a total solar eclipse have been made on an extensive scale as were those for the eclipse of 19th August last. The Russian astron- omers were most favorably situated as in the track of totality.

The United States sent an expedition to Japan specially, a distance of 16,000 miles, to take observations, and also one to Rus- sia, but both were doomed to disappoint- went on account of the thick weather. The corona, that wonderful nimbris or aureola which surrouads the sun, was to be the chief object of observa- tion. It is still the great solar puz- zie. The green line first seen in 1869, they agree emanates from scine substance un- see at present to terrestrial chemistry. The coronal gas is a phenomenon which oo the keenest curiosity and leads to vigilant study and improved apparatus. Edison’s barometer shows that the corona radiates a certain amount of heat. But it 's not a solar atmosphere. It%does not gravitate on the suns surface and share his rotation "as our atmosphere shares the earth’s rotation. These are some of the solar phenomena which perplex astronomers. According to calculations made by Mr. 8. Johnston, between A. D. 538 and 2,500,

only two eclipses of the sun are distinctly |

visible at Greenwich.

An extraordinarily ingenious invention as |

applied to astronomical instruments is

worthy of notice. We know that heretofore |

the thread of a spider’s web or rather one strand of it, glass eye piece of the telescope, mapping it inte squares, so that the passage of a star

@¢

m es Be oe ee

can be uoted to the fraction of a second. No thread that man can produce is fine enough, nor will the thread of the common spider do, but a New Zealand spider spins one of three strands which is divided and used. But hitherto the resources of science have been taxed to produce a torsian thread which shall not lose its tension and which would compete with the spider's. Now Professor Boys, of Sikensinghain, exhibited at the sviree af the Royal Society his method of producing fine filaments of glass quartz, which, to be drawn out toa fine thread, is attached to the tail of an arrow filled into a fixed cross-bow, which can be discharged by a trigger. The material is heated by oxy-hydrogen flame, and the moment it softens the arrow is discharged, and a thread of extreme fineness is drawn out. The inventor has thus obtained a glass thread a thousanith «of an inch in diameter, much finer than the finest web of the Meibourne spiders, and quite free from elasticity. Indeed, it is said quartz can be thus spun so fine as only to be seen under high microscopic power.

The earthquake problems are still oc- cupying the most highly trained minds in all civilized countries. Nearly every astronomical observatory is now filed with refined and delicate instruments, as earthquake indicators. The result has been to show that the vibrations of the earth are so incessant that there is never a second of time of perfect rest in any country where the test has been made, Their primary cause 1s found not at great plutonic depths, as was commonly supposed, but in the upper layers of the earth’s surface. And further, the leading seismologists agree that it isa mistake to look only to the earth itself for the causation of earth- quakes. They point to processes external to the earth, as effective causes of shocks. Barometaical conditions are largely con- nected with them. So is the tidal action of the moon ; they are more frequent when the moon is nearest the earth, and when she is on the meridian, than at other times. The French Academy of Science has had its tention called toa geological law (so- called) that the cooling of the earth’s crust goes on more rapidly under the sea than on land surfaces, and thence that it thickens under oceans more quickly, and se gives rise to the swelling up and distorticn of the thinner portions of the crust, viz., the for- mation of mountains.

Among the important discoveries ot the year is Prof. Blake’s proposed method of telephonic communication between ships at sea by talking through the water. In a fog, in the smoke of battle, in a naval con- flict that fleet would conquer which (other things being equal) possessed the best method gf signaling. Lieut. Fiske, who has been carrying on for many months a laborious series of experiments in this direc- tion, thus writes in the ‘ Electrical World.” He says: ** Although much has already been done by Prof. Blake and Mr. Edison, the problem has not yet been fully solved. All the navies in the world will be compelled, in self-defence, tu adopt the first practical system; and besides, all steamers would gladly adopt it.” He pro- ceeds: ‘* i experimented first with a view of signaling by indention, using a ten foot bar electro-magnet, whose coils were tra- versed by a current of over 100 amperes, and for a receiver a pair of Bell telephones in circuit, with coils of fine wire wrapped in various ways.” Then he went on en- larging his apparatus until at length his sending electro-magnets were the iron masts of aship wrapped with heavy wire, and finally he made an electro-magnet of the ship itself, and as a receiver he used an iron tug, 150 feet long, wrapped with wire in current, with two Bell telephones. The results were encouraging. They are tou lengthy to detail here. Mr. Edison, one of the most remarkable men of the age, is now working out a,pyro-imagnetic dynamo, that is, electricity direct fromiuel. I: his been long noticed and mentioned m this Institute that if the enormous amount of energy latent in cual could be made tu ap- pear in a contributable form, such as elec- tric energy, the present mechanical method of the world would be res vlutionized.

It is advertised that 500 of his projected phonographs wiil be on the maikot within two months. This ustrament wili be about the size of a type-writer, and will work automatically by a small electric motor, which is noiseless, and stops at the touch of a spring. Its operation is thus described by Mr. Edison. The person wishing to send a letter has only to set the machine in motion, and to talk im his natural voice into a receiver. He then places the phonogram or sheet receiving the impression into a little box made on purpose for the mails, The receiver of the phonogram will put it into his apparatus, and the message will be given out more cleariy and distinctly thar the best telephcne message ever sent. These wonderful instruments, which Mr. Edison considers the most marvellous of his inventions, cost about $60 each. He is now building at his home in Orange, New Jersey, 4 laboratory, the largest pri- vate one in the world, consisting of five im- mense buildings costing $180,000. Forty skilled workmen are engaged.

It will be remembered what a fierce con- troversy raged some years ago on spontane- ous generation of life, the supporters of the doctrine contending that the presence of the smallest particle of air was sufficient to de- termine the generation of low forms of life in certain highly partisible substances, such as milk, blood and the like. Prof. Pastern and others contended that it was not the air, hut certain living germs suspended in the air, which gaining access to these substan-

| their appearances in them. |P. F. Frankland and others have been ex- | perimenting during the past year on these

has been used to divide the}

2 rise to those growths which made It seems that

ces, gave

micro organisms in the air, and they all agree that important functions are perform- ed by them in the laboratory of nature. Then there is the question of the influence which is exerted by these micro-organisms on health.

The air in the streets of cities is found to contain numbers innumerably in excess of

(Concluded on fourth page.)

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