_ A., .,

3 _ Ms 1 _Wi 1°

- . v_~ ~ »_ -_u~ 1- -- _

A c'si3itLOmETOwN GU

ARDIAN "

the _

raw and husky throats is felt nhuost`imt2\‘I|y

h ' f _ _~ _ _ .

the most stubborn cough, ' 1

most eflimnf mush medmm, its th_.'§2,- t _ _ sPAm<.pi.ues

O' ° b'°°&““3 “"5 “ali” erpeotoratlcii _

` i_ngr_edients and can be give,” with _

stems --

|,,,|,¢¢,,,;l»y National lkng and Chemical Ce 0; gm J

I mill!!! a a, I._i_|nit's`¢|,¢_

1.; W, . V _ '- ,_~,,,,__,, __A f " -li" G. W. asks: Which are prefer-

., _ V _“my _“,,M,_, - 'W " H! en- able, spark-plugs that can be _taken

. 1%- 1'7" ~-'~»-A-~ A-- _ --,.,, ‘-.,. apart or those that are made -ln-

-I. ' ~ ' ~* ,_ 1 ~J-_,h " v 1;.

,Mfg-ts' »°""3“’~°"- H.. » but previous ts that 1 uses ins other " l ‘-i,»*"i'ri'-’;- "».-f'*' kind- ~ ‘ _

§`_,_..»__-_a _ l&_!."' ,fr \*~"f-;?a"’l__»;.»`_,. . \,= Answer: we cannot say. one | st-,ni time just ss, in mei, it has, 1-he

‘ '”" ' ` *"“ °“" ‘*"' - of the worst spark-plug evils is leak- case is something like this, with

~ ` _` ‘ and there is little doubt' that the tions and rapidly "worsening" fuel

' I ` ' inseparable plug is the best sale- coditions, carbonization has rapidly

' - v L., , _ .1 ' _ guard against this. The .inseparable increased. Which should the result be

_ ‘_ 1 I L .i//i _'-~- .~‘--*~f:;:Z-: '_-. plug -is not very convenient to clean laid to ~_- oil or fuel?

=:\‘1i"i»-'>-“?" ""7 ¥§,`p\~,]',T,Z*. i '“_~i,’.i__`7"_f_‘r,;_ ` _thoroughly and a defect 'in its insu~

.-,n~,,.,-__.__»_-+.f-»‘,i\,‘,_-_j=y5.;i‘§i.,,.<-@_iffi¢;'it;-M.,iffyI, w,__»\__<f~ _lation may readily escape notice. il coNTnoi_t|Ne cARaoNlzA1'loN - " :,<_»-;:2g‘$,;¢Z§f'e;"'=_-,e_73;# _.l.,.,.=-fr>;_-.=‘;_i;,r,_~- ~ _ its porcelain breaks down, the whsle DUE ro THE FUEL

_V -; _ '~§;{§§;§‘,, plug must _-be discarded. On thc ~---

2.1.-ii `._~.»;_.,/ ~-" ~ " othe‘r"hp.nd, a. separate plug that is The Ei\haus‘ Heated Intak¢ lg Now A

E 1°

--~‘ - "4 i ‘ fi ~`.».'.---.."l fl* "1-"J .-.` _ H ""v». ` ' 1-- ' ` O _ V ‘.f9,§N` _:_ - , i;akon_ apa.t fcir cleaning, maybe put Necessity Q ‘”, -`~»1rgiV,` “"if:'? _~l‘i~. ,-l-"W,"-f'¢l'-...`=--1'/MEI , ,f together so that it leaks compres- -~_

_ “-' ` ` """"' ' i ¢\_ -4' sion so badly as to affect engine Assuming that the carbonlzatlon of

'_ _ `_,;`_,~ ' ‘~ - -,If '-§J ' performance or it may be assembled engines is very largely due to the fuel “g,4‘\",/ __x ‘__H_W_'y.,_ _Am r‘;__-K so carelessly that the porcelain is rather than to the lubricant and that &..f_`,]I};>'“ _,,»..;i§»"';;|‘,l_-_'~*"*§‘¢._'},*,"‘x§'.j-_~ ,_-'i l-__ *°/. cracked-‘in the process. Skllfully fuel conditions are likely to become

` ` ‘ " ' _ ,uf handled, separable plugs give good worse rather than better, what is to

results and 2 little .ma be save b be done to init* ate the evil? Too lit- '. . :Mini , ..' »

‘C _ - £ I 0 ,f l‘eDlacin'E tile cores ihstead old th; tio ls known c0IlgC€l'll5fl5 |119 lll`°C955eS I E Pleflsurc ofd)0°sh1gF\lN"“e .h.J“vAer.y “cgi -not be I-marred- '

A _Ol whole plug, but under rough usuage by whlcli carbon uccuinnlatilons are Ul'1CC2‘€al11ty 88 t0 (IIC C_l1laIlClC5 Cltllelf CL' C010! Ot'

the inseparable plug is perhaps per- found to warrant lt very clecided answ- ` ferable, V or, but the theory is that the heavier

elements in the fuel' enter the cylind-

“ IIE withstood everything in the field and

_ .above all was, nnd still is, the .last and

only car to survive until the cessation c!

hostilities”--Ex tract from letter received by

Ford Motor Company from a British Soldier, '

in Africa. _

Over shell-torn roads, through water soaked fields, second

.only io the tanks in its power to climb debris and crater holes, ' , the Ford c:trmzn_le aworid famous record in the lighting area of the greit war. In press despatches, in field reports in letters, in rhymcand song the praises of the Ford were sounded In France - 700 cars out of 1,000 were Fords ln Italy - - 860 cars out of 1,000 were Fords 1" Eflylw - 9if6 cars out of 1,000 were Fords In llluaopotamin 909 c-ire out of 1,000 were Fords

The Ford power plant that established this world-wide record

in every theatre of the war remains_the same. It will bein

the Ford you buy. _ r

For-I llun-tl-.-~u, arm. 'rnnrlna Iona. on Open modsirthe Electric starting and

litgnulny I-',q»»l,mi.-nl is smo ~-xira. _ `

|'-nina lifts Ni- lan l|_l7_'» ii-lose-l nwdol prices lnnlurla llaotrlo Starting and Llgbml tLu\||p||l¢~nt). |\i-nluunfulilu rims. tlra rarrlerlfnnd nonmkirl tires on rear an optlonlI 1-|'\I|n|-out on rl--l wi clara only ut U21- nxtrn. Thane prices are 1. o. ll. Ford, Ont., and do nutincluilu War (ax. f

Dau only G4muin¢‘Ford Ports. 700 Canmlian Deakrl . _ Ill

and mmr 2.4200 S.fv~m'¢:s (Janna napplu tlum.

s v , ~ s r y ,

K l‘.l\ B l‘.I)1, \\ EBSTER & l\IcKINNO .\ .

Dealers--C harlo\tetown

I- 'V55 5- SON; D¢3|=I‘B» Mentillvo- ' giving an earlier intake opening and

A. Horne &. Go., Dealers, Summérslde. ‘

on :vo >r- :tu

--~-~ ---= ---_-,-_-~;z;. 5 ~- ---~- r*._...‘.-_ff-~~.~_--_._i YJ.-3.-.., i<_-`;1¥;_-- vo`Zne ecI>nom§', a loud exhaust” ihil

il _ ' _ --“

t `~ ` ‘spec'is. li’ you remove the cam

cz - _ 1 Special Pastry Ko You can get the name Bsky lightness in yew PM LI--1-. " IU and Cookies, with _

:.-11 _sa

‘O \l

EAVER fi..Oii§i

ss you can with any pastry -llour. - / ‘Beaver Flour il milledof the famous Ontario fall wheat, strengthened with western spring wheat. And more than that-Beaver Flour makes | loaf of bread that it 1

_joy to eat-with ine, even texture and a dclitlons, / “homey” nntlike llsvor, unknown to those who .ull me the' tough, tasteless, western spring wheat Hours Make the change today--order l barrel of Bcsvv I [slow M you '|»°¢¢_¢'; and have really delicious Bread and Pantry.

uns-mn r risssea rises.

DEAL Coarse Gr:i::A::i%ereai-I. 'r ~- p

ms 1. n. riirtolt co. uunsn.

ClATilAl.0lt. & ` .

10|

l“'."’l €§_.i>; .

, “'*

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,__

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l ' " =~i-”~" _ ____ -ll if. I

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frT'-'IIF1 ` l >ffs%»

_ ,._>____,_ \

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:I il nl

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‘N3

Hoppin ith hunch vllpondmtnpoatnnqulltylnda kitchen that it to have th.:very but nngo proalnhle. ° ` Th E ` ' l . i.?.e§`.f5.'l’I"iiI.'i$°".’i.°~'f.°°il'.'»1".°l’f ""'.""7‘i...'ii§'! °ii’t°.'2 'I'§'»3°‘l‘.'..3"i'.`f hlklnl \ndl‘outin|nttho|qmetimo,:It$owIrmln|clout\s well.

Wm/"fm mwcgulsgnapfmelm. 1

Th* Blmfllrlsc Foundry Company » Sackvllle, li.l. I

. .,__l,|\\|r|afll|,n_lrnl|!tvv¢\,_llsa¢u.l‘sfnsoa -

'si'

mi iisi5i>‘\if’l1'¥1‘i,ebf 't'-fb? %n$l=L3¥H='<l557vN

ni:.\c_E, n1sk4tY,°`c”_Oo., _L'rD., sUMntlsR8I_DE

/ A .

#assess

` I

Qu...

__The Motonst

_ IY. ALIIRT L GLOUBH »~-‘swuw+s»+ae

` SEPARABLE OR INSEPARABLE

é-v---_-1

‘ separable’ -The latter kind came wit the tar that l recentl bou ht

_age between the core and the shell

` EARLY vA|.vE -r|M|Nci» 'ro eecusla spzeo

made? _

the carburator are such as to pro- vide gas to meet the demands of higher speed operation. In case this engine has a single ca.m~shaft, the change of setting will ni-ako all valve operations take place earlier,

closing as well. A very early Ox- lirust o enin t‘ends toward lo

li- 9 well sustained torque at low

shnft gear, turn the cam-shaft in the

_l.-i_'.`»§` ,ri-"_/-é

- --fs'-_-1|

- 1;: zzmzri

fiicretion in which ,lt runs the amount nf one tooth or so and re- riosli the _i:l~ul's 1:11 this position, you will sc(-ure an enrllpr setting.

FIGURING ENGINE' SPEED

l.E.B. asks: How can l iigure

linw fast my engine is turning over when my :ar is running at any CEP- tltln speed. nn liigll S021"-'

Answer: The number of turns per

mil., of tho wheels, divided by 60 and the result multiplied by -the gear reduction, gives -the engine speed in revolutions- per minute, when a car is running at one mile D91' `h0U\’- Maltiplying this figure by -the actual speed in .miles per hour gives the corespondln; engine speed. , A 36 inch wheel turns 672 tlm°es'to -the -mile a 32-inch 631 -times, ai 34-inch 593 and a 36-inch 560. Suppose your car has 30-inch wheels and a gear reduction or 4 (gear ratio 421) and you wish to know the engine speed at 25 miles per hour. lt' will 'be (672-60) x 4 x 25 - 1120 r. p. rn. lf you compute the engine Slleed at one mile per hour for your car and keepii; in mind, you can almost in- stantly iigure the engine speed und- er any particular conditions.

Questions of general interest to

motorists will be answered in this column, space permitting. Addie!! Albert L. Clough, care of this 011168.

IS CARBONIZATIONDUE ' ,_ TO OIL OR "GAS’" _Tho Principal Plague Of The Moiorlsta ln the early days of American

motoring carbonlzaftion was never mentioned and seems not to have been recognized, but sometimes in the rather early nineteen hundreds, it and its effects were noticed in technical circles although it was hardly con- sidered by motorists in general. Silica that time its malign importance has steadilydmcreased, until now it is one of the principal plagues of motoring. For a long time, carbon deposits were attributed almost entirely to the des- truoti-ve, distillation of lubricating oil, which entered the motors combustion spaces, under the intense -heat of the burn-ing gases and -this view lg still very widely held. After a while, how- ever, i~t was hinted that the residue of imperfectly consumed fuel was also an important factor in _building up these troublsoimo deposits _ _,ond analyses showed them to contain much mineral matter, derived from road dust, as well as carbon and partly carbonllleq matxariais. Ratlvsr recently, there has spvvlfed B tend- ency to relieve lubricating oil of much of the blame for these accumulations and to attribute them more and more to the dome and heterogeneous fool now in universal uno. Seemingly more is good ground for this chanting,

_ l“’nii*.ii”"°=

`th`ls:"Eirly, gas engine cylinder oi was' a. development from steaurcylind- er oil and winless adapted to with- stand oxcesslvely high temperature; than that now in use. The art of ` boring cylinders and -fitting pistons and rings was qt first decidedly crude as compared with what itis at present and lubricating systems were but im- perfectly developed, so that it would scem that if carbonizatlon were an oil evil i-t should have gradually, diminished vp to\i.‘he present time ln- stoad of increasing by leaps and bounds as it actually hes. 'Further- nioro, the "real gasoline," as first used in motoring, was practically homo- genorous fuel that would evaporate' tcmpletely at ordinary air tempera- tures and could not readily be “crack- cd" or decomposed by hewt, tn form solid residue, but since that time the fuel known as -gasoline has gradually become a mixture of hydrocarbons of the widest range of volatility only a small-fraclion of which will evaporate at ordinary temperatures, of which crtain components cannot be lighted with a match, in bulk and certain fractions of which ure readily decom- posed so as to yield solid products. lf carbonization were u fuel evil, it would lla-/o increased up to the pre-

steadily bettering lubrication. condi-

_ _ _J-‘ ".'~__| r -1,1 ‘iq`

Miiix

|__E,T, writes; 1 am- building over degree, under some conditions of en-

an old car into 8, gpgedggey-and have engine operations. Sonic of the most been t'old that I 'may be able to get l`6fI'8Ct0I‘Y 00DS‘-il\1B11»tS leak. HS the engine to run faster, 'lf I change llfluida past the pistons into the oi-1. the way -the valves are set. It this some partially exl>@l`led aS_l>r0d\1cIs of is true, hwy Should the dmnge be incomplete combustion or as altered

Answer: .. Setting 'the exhaust and 501119 “me HS dl’0DB or as 3

valves to open earlier in the power liquid mul l_|D°n H1 DlB’~0I\-|168-dB stroke, that 13, when me piston is exhaust-val'/es and other hot parts, further from lower dead cen-ter, Where 11185’ Hfe .B\.\lJI0Cl ‘O l1_f_=_SU‘\1CfiV° tends .to get rid gf the bm-ned gases dlistill-ation, that is they are cracked more promptly and .thug to insure or altered chemically by hcai, into a more complete filling of the cylin. substances which ,are in part solids. dei-5 with fresh ¢ha|~ge_ ]t there. It is this sclld residue, adhering to fo;-9 pg;-mit; an engine to run fag. the internal parts of thc enginc's coin--| ter, if the valve sizes and lifts and bUBUi0l\-Bl>f1"€» that are what 0"“ ‘Jail-

.tity of yotir ~MlNAiR.lJlS .L

ers in the li uid state an the less

tion and combustion to a considerable

hydrocarbon vapors, with the exhaust

ed carbon deposits. As stated above, this is a large theory, but it is safe to |s:iy that if all fuel could be introduced 'into the cylinders in the condrltion of vapors, mixed in a thorough maner with the correct amount of air for its perfect conibustifdn, and could be maintained .in "that ccnlltion, there would be nn distillation of fuel to form carbon de-posits'._ But unfortunately, this iflcsl 1.-»udi;tio.i t..»i. by no means be realized. Its attainment implies that all fuel be ln a perfect voporous state at the end of the compression stroke and thlslneans temperatures, during this stroke, which would pro- bably cause detonatlons and knocking However, the boiler vaporize() the fuel ls, when ~ini.roduce_l1, the greater, the iendenev will be for it to continue in that state, -and the only way avail- able to increase vaporizatfson is to apply exhaust. heat to thc mixture. Jacket waiei teinperutlire, avi-_n when at its maximum-and this as high as practicable, is utterly insulliclent to evaporate the heavier fuel con- is‘ii.nen‘s, some of which vaporize only ni points away above 212 Fahren- heit, The only remedy in sl-ight is to jacket the in'ake passages with ex- ;haust Us nil-il every engine now re- quires this. despite its inescapable at- tendant disadvantages. - plan. 4 ..

tg'-é

:Z.

TURNING RADlUS_T00 GREAT I

V. H. M. writes: Tile new our

which 1 have, will not turn in as short a space as -my old one, although it is no longer between -the axles. ls there anything that can be done to overcome this defect?

Answer: You better inspect the

steering gear and see what it ls that limits the extent to which the front

wheels can be turned Iirom' the straight ahead position, in th di- rections. If the front wheels now turn until_one oi' them almost strikes the steering connection rod, its mud guard shield or some other pant, you will have to put up with existing con- ditions. However. on very many cars there is a steering -stop on each

» Bear Island, Aug. 26, 1903 Mlnerd’s Liniment Co.. Limited.

Dear Slrs,-Your mvoln. il here

today and we are get 3 I rlo quan-

Ihimnm.

We find it the best Linimsnt on the market making no exceptkm.Ws have been in business 18 yearn and have h\l1dl0d All kinda, but hgvg dmppgg them all but yours; that lolir ltnlf: if otthers have to be pushed to get

o . ' = W. A. HAGEBMAN

volatile of ilikem resists full vaporiza~

A..

Although Penmarrs now mccnfis evc;7t‘l:i.‘zg in hosiszy that the lollefle _of

. time smartly-gowriecl woman ciicintcs, tl~.c:e is still time underlying qualit" - iff- '

that has been associated with the name Penmans for generations.

For without cxtraifngaiice-simply re:~:.eir~.l'»er the name--Pcnmans.

. l -_ _ ‘ff és _

was

- I arent'

' , I’I@..;.»_ _ ,

, "Tile $lar.-Jard cfExce1Icnce" ,9,` ` _:_ I ~ ' _; - ____ _\,._. _ A. - _ ‘_ ___ ‘__ i ......n.

side, which limits the road wheel angle. These s-tops are usually car- ried by the axle ends and t'he knuckle arms strike them, and thus restrict the wheel movement. Gen- erally the stops are adjustable and, if you find that it is the stops that now define the steering angle and

that some more movement is`allow- able, you can "let up” on the stops and obtain it. _

SPARK INQUIRY

P. H. McC. asks: Wh-at becomes

ni tile spark which would otherwise

|___ : ~ YL I

A _ , ¢i. _

vlow,___l>sse¢_upon evidence such u

- 1 '»\n*'~'--_'JE -an-e_rq=c»_osn~=“. it

‘ ~vm\vgr_. __.._;1._,.,__>_

i `.'.»-J. 'i.~..`.~'.».-- "f¢‘._<

_ ,.._ ,`

I -EREPRESENTATIVE FOR MARITIME PROVINGESt 3"?

" , ' LEONARD D. MMIKENZIE A `

' Trlu°o, Nova `Scotia.' ' _

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND OFFICE, '

E. H. MONKLEY V, _

- Summerside, P. E. Island. i

CORRESPONDENCE sOmc1TED.~ ~ “ __;:;,

~ ‘

_-f. > .sg-,ni

3: 1.

,,»»

" , i , ~ . < _» _ _ is .

_ I A IAQ,-,‘l Q Q-3 _

~" "~ -1 ~/»~ ,»v'=,_;. . . 1 + 'f "‘- finvh

- 1

1'-i

Fd*

fs( ‘ §‘"_\..-.»-an 5 g .3-2l;*3-J;

A-sia-fo'§ii*.!‘ner'a». rot*

, <

*£5 it-Kr -Q 5*#-189..

, ,

-- _ _._.£e:_=_. _._ .___-__ _ ._ _ ' Ami; ~ ______ ____,_,

pass from the end of A spark-plug from a grounded' part of I" cabe, -that is separated, by too great when a spark is to occur, ,thg 'id

a distance, from any metal part of charge will naturally take' pljfg `

the car? -the shorter gap-that at the 1 _ Answer: The spark _lumps at the -spark points. If _ther were no' tl -safety spark-gap, provided as part safety gap provlded}%t§’i'p‘¢,|-5' _ of the coil or magneto furnishing be likely to jump through 01,1, the current, instead of at the cable latlng matvn-ia] gf |_1;¢ cog. "ghd end. The safety _spark-gap consists thus running the gg” ,by go ~' of a pair of points, one of which is a short-circuit. Thsvlafaty ag connected to each side of the high usually inside the coil whore it ‘ tension winding of the battery coil not be seen. ' ~- ~ °

or magneto, the _two point, being Question of ‘ ` i-, permanently set at % inch or so motorists welll begItIi'¢;l:hr~,e-iitnrfiinwl' .

apart. If the plug cable terminal is column, space pe;-m1¢~¢mg_ _ Ad removed more than this distance Albert L. Clough, ca;-_9 9; ghno' ‘ 3

AA. & W. NESBITT, LIMITED ' 5-10 GARLICK HILL I

LONDON, E. O. ' ENGLAND ` ‘ "

-t

AUCTION SALES OF CANADIAN AND AMERICAN ,;.

RAW FURS, SILVER, BLACK AND CROSS

FOX A SPECIALTY. -

' ' Auction Sales Take Place Three Times Each Year _

l l

January, May and October .A

Sales by Private Treaty Throughout the Year x

14%

p A _W 'AGENT FOR UNITED STATES AND CANADA; '_

A __Ly»_ _ ~- ALBERTL. MONJO, _ V '

N O. 220 Fifth Avenue, New York City, New York, U.S.A.

u.- ‘Ma .A

‘ _

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ai*

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