Prime Minister Harold “Macmil- Jan chose the occasion of his speech at Preston, in Lancashire, last week, to drop a hint to the British peo- ple about-top-level negotiations with the Soviet Union. Mr. Macmillan’s recent journeyings to Moscow, Paris, Bonn, and “Washington have con- firmed his belief in the opportunity which now presents itself for bet- tering [East-West relations and easing world tensions. Yet at Pres- ton he warned that the free world

_must not expect too much too quick- ly from the forthcoming series of foreign ministers’ and summit meet- ings. It was, he said, his Govern- ment’s duty to follow through with the effort to get some agreement with the Soviet Union even while recognizing that progress might be slow or even seemingly nonexistent.

Mr. Macmillan thought the fore- ign ministers’ meetings might be protracted. But he believed that negotiations for summit talks might lead in the next few weeks to what could prove one of the most import- ant periods of postwar history. Of the East-West crisis over Berlin he said: “If we had let things drift we would have been faced with an im- minent and dangerous situation. As the result of efforts of the Allies and partly as the result of the journey which the (British) foreign secretary and I paid to the Soviet Union, the ultimatum is withdrawn and the Russians have agreed to negotiate on all these matters.” There was broad agreement on the Western side on how to proceed te a summit meeting, but again he warned: “T have never believed that all these great issues could be solved by a short meeting of the heads of gov- ernment.” :

These cautious words provide more ground for hope than any flamboyant assurance could afford at this time. And if any concrete result accrues from the forthcom- ing meetings, it will be largely due to the initiative and reasonableness shown by Britain’s eool-headed Prime Minister.

Australia Shows The Way

One Commonwealth country which is making a real approach to its aboriginal problem is Australia. Having found “little to boast about and much to condemn” in past poli- cies of protective segregation, the Australian government has begun an imaginative long-term assimila- tion plan to merge the small abor- iginal minority into the European community which surrounds it.

Paradoxically, the basis of Aus- tralia’s new approach .to the salva- , tion of this once dying race is the very factor which caused Jits de- cline—close contact with white peo- ple. An encouraging element for the success of the new scheme- is that for the first time since white gettiement the aboyiginal popula- tion is on the increase.

In their natural state the Aus- tralian aborigines were nomads neither having nor seeking even the most primitive dwellings to call home. Practising no forms of agri- culture or animal husbandry, they lived within tribal groups strictly disciplined by complicated social in- ‘gtitutions, religious systems and marriage laws. They roamed over their own tribal hunting grounds, rarely venturing into those of other tribes: Today, about 74,000 survive, mostly spread over the tropical northern half of the country. Only a few hundred of them continue to live fully tribal lives, but there are 17 reserves covering an area of 67,- 000 square miles.

In 1951 the Federal Government created a Department of Territories to be responsible for the Northern Territory as well as for Australia’s

t territories, with the ex- eck the Antarctic. One of the first acts of the new administration was to call a conference of federal and state authorities, administering native affairs; and it was from this

i

.Today new settlements complete with electricity, schools, hospitals,

he

operated from Government: settle- ments, primarily for the training of steckmen. Technical training in car- pentry, motor mechanics and other trades is provided, as well as grants to establish thé workers on their own account or as employees.

_ For the younger generation spec- ial schools are being built; but these are regarded only as an interim mea- sure designed to bring aborigine ~Children to a level where they will be able to attend the same schools as’. white children. Already in the towns mixed clases are the rule, rather than the exception.

The first steps in this great social experiment are beginning to show results, reports UNESCO. No one expects the task to be easy, but the foundations for assimilation are . being firmly laid, and the ‘structure will be a permanent contribution to Australia’s development, and a cred- it to her statesmen.

A Wise Decision

Immigration Minister Fairclough has shown a good example of gov- ernmental responsibility to the elec- torate. She has reversed her depart- ment’s recent ruling on immigration which restricted the sponsorship of certain immigrants’ relatives. It is argued that the new policy was not intended to curtail the flow of im- migrants to Canada, but was design- ed to give priority to those with skills Canada needs rather than to those who happened to have rela- tives here. But its effect would be discriminatory, and this at a time when there is a backlog of 132,000 potential immigrants who want to come to Canada but must wait an indefinite period. This figure has grown from 77,000 since 1955 and calls for a constructive revision of our whole immigration policy. _ In the course of her announce- ment, Mrs. Fairclough revealed that the Immigration Act is under study and that revisions would be produc- ed within a few months. It is to be

minimum of bureaucratic interfer- ence. If we are ever to get a substan- tial home market for our basic producers, * must be through ex- panding our population, not on a pettifogging scale but with vigor and imagination, befitting a great new country of unbounded resources and opportunities.: :

EDITORIAL NOTES

The new U.S. Secretary of State is a man to be pitied. For a long time to come, everything he says and does will be compared or contrasted with the sayings and actions of his dis- tinguished predecessor.

Perhaps the warning is unneces- sary here, but the president of the New York Stock Exchange has had occasion to point out that “there is just no royal road ‘fo riches in the investment field.” If there were, a lot of brokers would be playing the market themselves instead of selling stock to others. Individuals can lose money quickly in the stock market if they do not know what they are do- ing, and right now a lot of amateurs

are in the market.

“Science Service” reports that a trout suddenly taken from a hat- chery and put in a pond or stream is likely to be an unhappy trout. Re- search has shown that one of the first acts of a trout upon release from the hatchery into strange wa- ters is to look for an unoccupied place in which to rest. If it cannot find a new home quickly, it may literally run itself to death in the search. In some cases, up to 50 per cent of the trout planted in streams have been known to diewithin the first two weeks, because of a fruitiess search for a home. Because of these factors, Science Service says, it is a good policy to stock streams ‘close

stock in heavily fished streams which

have few competing trout

ete., are springing up in remote re-.j.«. tone ‘hiand st “Tt

hoped that they will provide for a

te the opening of the season and to

eS ee er . ae Yee a

LITTLE MISS MUFFET For Whose Benefit?

Montreal Gazette

For whose benefit?

That is the question in the strike against the Canadian National Railways, called on Thursday for May ist. by Mr. W. E. Gamble the head in Canada of the inter- Mationa! firemen’s union

Is it for the benefit of the fire- men?

Scarcely so. No fireman would lose his job if the recommenda tions of the Conciliation Board were accepted by the union, as they have already been accepted by the CNR.

On the contrary, not only would ali firemen presently employed continue in their employment: they would receive higher pay. longer vacations, payment for six statutory holidays. greater health and welfare payments, as well as various other new advan- tages.

BETTER OFF

Though their work on faeight and yard diesels has been ruled useless, in the case both of the CPR and the CNR. they would contintie’ to be employed, and would be better off than ever. This, surely, is not a bad deal for anyone doing work that has ceased to exist.

Is it for the benefit of Canadian labor as a whole?

Searcely so. Another strike on this issue (and it would be the third) would put labor in a ridi culous position; and would be ex-

tremely poor public relations.

Labor generally cannot place it- self in the position of resisting all technological change, to the point of compelling the engage- ment Of new employees, for years into the future, to perform tasks that have already ceased to exist. This would be like com- pelling automobile manufacturers to keep employing workers to make buggies.

REFUSED SUPPORT

Canadian labor generally has realized this. The Canadian La- bor Congress, at its annual con- vention in Winnipeg last year, re- fused to give the firemen'’s un- ion the unqualified suport it ask- ed, in its dispute with the CPR And when the second strike was called last year, most of the oth- er union members, even within the railway, industry, walked across the fireamen’s picket: lin- es, and most trains ran as us- ua:

So far from this strike bein fought for Canadian labor as a whole, Canadian labor can ooly regard it as an embarrassment

Is it for the benefit of Can- ada”

Scarcely so. The question of firemen on freight and yard die- eels, in relation to public safety, has been examined now ‘taking the cases of both the CPR and the CNR: by two Conciliation | Boards and a Royal Commission All three are in agreement that | the usefulness of firemen on such

wey,

=

diesels simply does not exist.

From the point of view of all Canadians who use the railways (and all use the railways direct- ly or indirectly) the employment of useless workers is a useless expense. Nobody else is going to pay, in the end, but the Canadian public. As it is, Canadians will have to keep paying for all the firemen now employed on freight and yard diesels. This, it would seem, is enough. ,

Is it for the benefit of the of- ficials of the firemen's union?

It would certainly be to their bencfit. They could maintain their own positions by compelling the Tailways to keep on employing new firemen for yard and freight diesels. But is seems strange that a union has to be maintained. not for the sake of the workers. but in order that its officials may have perpetual job security

Is it-for.the benefit of the up- ion in the United States?

It would be For it would be an attemp! to delay the setting of a precedent in Canada, which might be applied to the firemen’s union in. the United States

The strike weapon is held to be sacred,and rightly so. But there is scarcely much that is

| sacred about a strike that will

not really benefit the firemen, or Canadian !abor generally, or Can- adians as a whole, but which will unquestionably benefit the offi- cials of the firemen’s union in Canada, and serve the interests of the same union in the United States, where its headquarters is located

Autonomy For South Tyrol |

National Geographic Society

German-speaking residents of Kaly’s South Tyrol again are asking for greatre autonomy, re- | viving a dispute that has sim- mered for 40 years in the rugged | alpine region.

South Tyrol, called by the It- | alins Alto Adige, slopes south-

| alians. The German-speaking | people own small farms in the | sheltered, fertile valleys, produc- | ing wine, corn, fruits, and fod- der for dairy cattle. A specialty of the Merano orchards is the Calville, a yellow-skinned apple which is covered with paper |

ward from the Austrian border; while still on the tree to protect | emidst the spectacular Dolonite| its golden color. |

Alps. Its 5,400 square miles are furrowed by mountain torrents and long, green valleys.

Some 68 per cent of the 350,- 000 inhabitants of South Tyrol are German-speaking, the Nation- al Geographic Society says. Ger- man and Italian are the official languages. German architecture and customs prevail.

CASTLE STILL STANDS

The area originally was occup- ted by the Rhaetians, who were conquered in 15 B.C. by the Ro- mans. Later, Germanic people began filtering through the Bren- ner Pass and neighboring cor- | ridors into the Dolomite valleys. The land on both sides of the Pass gradually came under con- | trol of the Counts of Tyrol, whose castle still stands near Merano.

All of Tyrol was absorbed into the Hapsburg Empire in 1363 and except for a brief period when a portion was under Napoleon's rule, remainded Austrian until the Empire was broken up after World War I. The fact that 1959 is the 150th anniversary of the revolt against Napoleon has help- ed stir desires of modern Tyro- lese for more independence.

The treaty of St. Germain in 1919 gave Daly both South Ty- | rol and the adjacent, Italian - speaking Trentino, which had been held by Austria. Italy re tained the territory after World War II, but was required to give South Tyrol autonomous region- al government. i

German-speaking Tyrolese con- cede that they are not oppressed. Their complaint is that they are outnumbered in a region com- bining Alto Adige and Trentino, and thus are deprived of true autonomy.

Italy ‘has promoted the indus- trial development of South Ty- rol since World War I. The swift flowing rivers, notably the Adige, furnish one-fifth of the country’s hydroelectric power. Chemical in- dustries and aluminum pro¢tes- sing help make South Tyrol one of the most prosperous area in Italy. Bolzano, the principal city of the region, has grown from a quiet spa into a bustling’ indus- trial town. Like other cities, it has bilingual street signs.

Most industrial workers are It-

Thousands of tourists visit

South Tyrol every year to see the Dolomites, which have been weathered into fantastic shapes resembling castles and spires. At sunset the pink and white mountains take on a vivid glitter,

| highlighted by patches of snow.

Merano is famous for its ra- dioactive mineral springs, and long has been a health resort. One curious local custom is the autumn ‘grape cure.”’ in which patients treat a variety of ail- ments by eating. a prescribed

amoum of grapes.

Exploring Earth’s Centre

Scientific American Bulletin

A plan as bold in concept as

the satellite program and even more rewarding in promise has been described by Willard Bas- com, staff member of the Nation- al Academy of Sciences.

The propoosal: To drill a hole to the mohorovicic discontinu- ity, the zone which separates the earth’s crust from its underlying | mantle.

Such a hole, according to Bas- com, would. give priceless infor- mation about the earth's history | and inner structure)

“All we know about the earth's interior,”’ he said ‘‘is based on in. direct evidence. The first \ideas concerning the subsurface compo- sition of the earth were derived from volcanos which obviously spewed out molten rock from the depths. This indicated that*mater- ial beneath the crust is liquid. But tidal measurements proved this concept te be in error, that the interior is more rigid than steel. .

CORE OF NICKEL-IRON

“The study of earthquake wav- es, variations in gravity and re- lated phenomena has finaliy led to the tentative conclusion that the planet begins with a plastic core of nickel-iron composition which is surrounded by a mantle of extremely dense rock everiain by a crust granitic in composi- tion over the continents and bas- altic beneath the seas.

“Seismic studies show that un- der the continents the crust is relatively thick, extending down to 30 miles or more.

“Under the seas, it is as thin as six miles.

“The proposed exploratory iole would be drilled through the thin section from an anchored barge. IS EARTH COOLING

“Such a hole would make tt possible to obtain samples of the various rocks of the mantle and the deep crust for chemical and

eral composition, radioactive con- tent. density and conductivity..|

“With” actual samples instead of supposed material combina- tions, the laboratory work on rock at high temperatures and pres- sures would become much more meaningful. It would then be possible to say whether the earth is cooling and to explain the high flow of heat through the ocean floor.

“Tt may also be possible to de- termine the age of both crust and mantie by the analysis of their content of radioactive isotopes.

“Although reaching the mantle is the ultimate objective of the mohole project, an intermediate step is likely to yield equally valuable and interesting infor- mation. This is the taking of a continuous cylindrical sample, or ‘core,’ through the sediments of the ocean floor SEDIMENTS TELL STORY

“At no place en the continents are the earliest materials of the crust found undistrubed. Hence, sediments takén from the deep- est part of the ocean floor may comprise the most fabulous his- tony book of all time; they coold contain an uninterrupted re- cord of the earth's development for two billion years.

“The earth’s magnetic history /

may also have been recorded in the deep sea sediments. As tiny particles of magnetic materials settle to the bottom they tend to align themselves with the earth's magnetic field. By exa- mining: the orientation of these particles in the sediment, it may be possible to determine chang- es in the positions of the mag- netic poles.

“The earth's climatic history will be similarly reflected.

:“And, somewhére down there, is the primordial surface of the earth—perhaps gshmilar to the ‘ace of the moor; covered by a ayer of ancient meteorites

Outlines Uses Of New Drugs

Herman N. Bundesen, M.

a rule, the immediate cause

asthma and other respiratory al- lergies, as well as allergic and inflammatory eye and skin. dis- orders. .

It is said to be particularly use- ful in cases in which chronic

might aggravate the diabetic con- dition, researchers report Deca-

There is also a new laxative, in fact, it’s the first effervescent bulk laxative to be produced. The manufacturers report that clini- cal studies indicate # ig effective in treating each of the, major ty- pes of constipation.

It has a lemon flavor. Chemi- cally, the principle of its action is often similar to that of prun- es. It does not produce the diar- thea that is many t mes associat- ed with strong cathartics. LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE

Still another new drug is de- signed \to lower blood pressure. This man-made, reserpine - like antihyertensive reportedly is vir- tually free of side effects and is said to have a marked ability to reduce high blood pressure.

It is especially tailored for pa- tients requiring little or no seda- tion for effective blood pressure reduction.

QUESTIOO AND ANSWER’

A READER: I have stinging pains in my intestines. X-rays showed diverticulosis. Is this anything to be concerned alput?

Answer: Diverticulosis can be controlied by proper management of diet and medication At times, the condition tends to be- come aggravated, causing severe pain ‘in the abdomen and fre- quently a temperature. |

A person suffering from ‘this condition should be under the care of a physician.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (April 28, 1934) . Dr. M.V. Blackall, Annapolis Royal, representative of the Car- negie Corporation, arrived in the city last evening to yisit the var- ious institutions which are bene fiting by the Carnegie grants. Dr. Blackall was formerly superin- tendent of the English church schools in Newfoundland.

Mr. A.M. Douglas, Manager of the Metropolitan Stores, has join ed the staff of Prowse Bros. Ltd. as assistant Manager. Mr. Dou- glas, who came to Charlottetown several years ago, has taken a Prominent part in community life. He will begin his duties in his new position on April 30.

\

TEN YEARS AGO (April 28, 1949)

Mrs. J.G. MacDonald’ was re- elected Provincial Commission- er of the Girl Guides Associa- tion at the annual meeting held at the Charlottetown yesterday af- ternon. Miss I. Arsenault pre- sented. the Reay Shield to the Brownies to the ist and 3rd Summerside packs, winners — of the competition for singing games.

Two of three Dakota aircraft from the Summerside station, en- gaged in search for the missing R.C.A.F. plane in the Maine- New Brunswick area, were div- erted to Moncton last night when fog closed in the Summerside field. The third plane returned te

home base without difficulty.

The Age Old Story

We all with unveiled face mirr- ering the glory of the Lord are metamerphosed unte the same image.

CHILD’S INJURIES FATAL

SYDNEY (CP)—David Grover, 6, of Louisdale, N.S., died in hos- pital here Monday after being struek by a car Sunday near his home, 65 miles from here.

NATO COUNCIL MEETS

PARIS (Reuters)—Nato’s per- manent council met today to con- sider a report by U.S., Britain, French, and West German ex- perts on Western plans for the East-West foreign ministers’ con- ference opening in Geneva May 11.

MAXIMS

What we are is Goi’s gift to us. What we become is our gift te God. d

harvest of information, the rich- ness of which is undoubted al-

physical analysis, including mix

“Ia all, the project promises a

NE ee i Te Ee ee ee ee ee ne een ee ae ee See See Cee ee ee ee Ee ae Te ee ee ee iy a es ee ee) 5 F

“Yes,” sobbed the woman in court, ‘“‘my husband hasn't spok- en to me for ten years.” “Is that true, Mr. Brent’ asked the . “Yes, your honor,”’ was the reply. ‘I didn’t want to ‘in- her.” —Gait Reporter —

It has been the Queen’s pecul- far misfortune to be unfairly done by on our stamps and our money. her father and grandfather fared much more happily at our hands. Now Toronto artists say the 1959 Royal Visit stamps should bear a Canadian rather than a Florentine “‘interpretat- fon’’. Certainly it shouldn't be hard to beat the one chosen. But why “interpret” at all? Nature did that, and did it exquisitely. —Globe and Mail

:

=

In England the Hertfordshire says

of three factors: Too much fat- tening foods, excessive television ‘viewing, too little exercise. Sim- ilar charges have been made in North America. All these signs can be remedied simply by fa- ther taking a stand. That’s the rub!—London Free Press

Women’s exploits as pioneers are little sung. But a man’s lot would have been hard indeed if he had not had a woman with him. He sheared the sheep, but she carded the wool and spun and wove it and fashoned suits for him and the sons, and dresses for her daughters and herself. Open fires are such things of beauty that we like to romanti- cize about them. But let us pic- ture what a woman had to en- dure in facing a fire and being enveloped in its scorching heat while stirring mush or frying ham.—Kitchener-Waterloo Record

_-

PARK IN EARLY SPRING

Here Spring is one green up- ward vhrust

Against the unassertive sky.

Through armor of too ancient dust :

The leaf's blade pierces easily,

And, honed to deadly brilliance,

A peacock treads the jeweled grass :

Shocking the sensitive who pass

With stridence of his cutting cry.

This is the rending hour of birth,

The wounding ecstacy of Spring

That frees the seedling from the earth,

Shatters the shell, and lifts the Wing ;

That breaks the clod and splits the caul

Wherewith our fragile dream is bound,

That draws the crocus from the ground

And arms the hornet with his | sting.

—R.H. Grenville

in the New York Times

how he walked three miles

What’s this one we an executive of a dairy ation complaining in a the other day that fly in his’ pat of butter? “Listen, said the waiter, “I'm gettin’ - ed of hearing your complaints. In the first place, that ain’t a

a ;

oF ae PE Ainis.

oe aa

a a

“we

eo}

fly, that’s a cockroach. In the ..

second place, that ain’t butter— that’s margarine.”"—Galt Reporter

Late in the fall a suburban cou- ple received 100 tulip bulbs from a friend in Holland. The wife

asking her husband to plant them, but he delayed until is desperation she did the job her- self. Naturally, he was delighted —until the flowers came up in the spring and he saw that his wife had planted them so that in glowing colors they proclaim- ed: “John Is Lazy.”—Toronto Star

CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS , ATLANTIC REGION

TENDERS

Diesel Shop - Moncton Yard

Moncton, N. B.

Sealed tenders addressed te Me, R. P. Puddester, Regional Chief En gineer, Canadian National Railways, Moncton, N. B., wil be received vp to 2:30 P.M., Atlantic Daylight Time, Thursday, May 21, 1959, fer eon struction of a Diesel Shop at Mone ton, N. B.

A complete set of plans, specifica- tions, form of contract, instructions to bidders and tender torm may be obtained \by General Contractors on and after April 22, 1959, from, the following Railway Offices on deposit of a certified cheque in the amount of One Hundred Dollars made pay- able to Canadian National Railways.

Regional Chief Engineer — Mone ton, N. B.

Chief Architect — Montreal, P. GQ.

In addition plans may be viewed at the Division Engineer's office at Halifax, N. $. and the Terminal Super intendent’s Office at Saint John, N. B.

Tenders will not be considered un- less submitted on the forms supplied by the Railway and in accordance with the Instructions te Bidders. The lowest or any tender will not neces- sarily be accepted.

D. V. GONDER, Vice-President . and General Mangge.

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sins