THE iGUARDlAN

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Erin and hill! Llln no Dun” Editor, Frank Walker General Manager. In A. Burnett

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”Tho strongest memory is weaker than the weakest Ink."

THURSI.)TAVk'f.l-ATNUARY 27, IE5

Mr. Pearson's Proposal It may be, as President Eisenhower ap- pears to believe, that a straiglitforward de-

claration by the United States to prevent)

Red China from conquering the Chinese Na- tionalist bastion of Foriiiosa and the nearby Pescadores islands is the best means of avert- ing another war. suggests, lie in taking no action at all. In this view he has the almost unanimous back- ing of the U. S. llouse of Representatives. But the President has also indicated that he would welcome the good offices of the United Nations in arranging a cease-fire in the For- mosa Straits. Using this concession as the keynote of his speech in the Canadian House of Commons on Tuesday, External Affairs Minister Pearson gave a statesmanlike re- view of the situation as it affects world peace, urging that the danger spot be "neu- tralized" pending its final disposition by in- ternational negotiation. In doing so Mr. Pearson pointed out that an essential party to any cease fire of this kind would be the Communist government of China which, though it non-member of the United Na- tions, would have to be invited to participate in the Security Council deliberations if they were to have any chance of success.

This, surely, is a reasonable proposal and one which is likely to have the unquali- fied approval of Britain and other countries allied with the United States. In this con- nection it is well to remember that the pres- ent Formosa situation bears no comparison with the crisis which precipitated the Korean war. American recognition of the Republic of Korea on January 1, 1949, was based on the United Nations resolution of December 12, 1948, which declared "that there has been established a lawful government (the government of the Republic of Korea) hav- ing effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside: that this gov- ernment is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the elec- torate of that part of Korea and which was observed by the Temporary Commission; and that this is the only government in Korea." Neither the United Nations nor the United States ever recognized the right of the Re- public of Korea to extend its effective con- trol and jurisdiction by force to other parts of Korea. To make the American defense treaty with the Republic of China compar- able with the Korean treaty it would have to be amended, or subjected to reservations, to make clear that the Republic of China in Formosa and the Pescadores would not at- tempt to extend its effective control and jurisdiction to other areas.

It is significant. that President Eisen- hower in his message to Congress emphasiz- ed the purely defensive nature of the ar- rangement with the Chinese Nationalists.

Until now, as the protector and patron of Chiang Kai-slick, the United States has not encouraged intervention in the Chinese quar- rcl by the United Nations; and it has appear- ed to other nations that this purely American policy was dangerously linked to the declin- ing fortunes of a near-desperate refugee re- gime and a barrier in the path of the Uni- ted Nations in dealing with a variety of oth- er pressing problems. President Eisenhow- er's recent statements indicate a change of attitude in this respect; a c'inngc which Canada, lhrougli its spokesman Mr. Pcarson. has been quick to recognize and to indorsc wholeheartedly. The Canadian foreign mi"iister's statement may have far-reaching results at this critical juncture.

A Good Service

In a recent edict the Minister of Informa- tion in the Spanish Government said that "the press must always be at the service of the State". By "State" he meant, of course, the ruling political party. In com- menting-courageously, be it said-on this interpretation of the role of newspapers, the weekly "Ecclesia". organ of the Spanish Ro- man Catholic Action. took a somewhat dif- ferent view. "If authentic public opinion must have liberty to form." noted the paper, "the press that reflects it must have the name right as long as it does not harm the common good, which is not forcibly the same as the opinion of the Government." Admit- ting that censorship is within the rights of the Government "as long as it is not arbi- trary", the Eocleslo article went on to give the Spanish authorities A very good lesson in In mm d the pros and of public expres- in: of opinion pansnlly: "Inc Govern- Imt all and It notions col fort an auto. Illhodlodounotniuilfcstitnelforls

Ihinvslltthnndnpuunsuunm

public opinion btit a -fiction. Public OOIFIIOIII serves the common good, and that not only

'whcn it applauds but also when it criticizes

the actions of the Government. Censorship is one thing; and the so-called 'directives' whereby the newspapers are obliged to pre- sent as their own the opinions of the Govern- men. are something very distinct from the right of the Government to require publica- tion of communiques.”

It so happens that Ecclesia is the only uncensored publication in Spain at the pres- ent time. If it keeps up its good work, de- spite almost certain official demands that it be discontinued, it will have rendered a good service, not only to the press in Spain, but to the freedom of free expression of opinion the world over. Unfortunately, it is not

only in totalitarian states that the freedoml

Greater risk may, as he)

of the press to do its legitimate work hasl Ibeen called into question by demagogic poli-5 licians '

I

The College Library

The centre of every college and university is its library, and one of the chief functions of every institution of higher learning is to train students in the best possible use of the intellectual wealth which every good library contains. Some interesting thoughts on this subject are contained in a report by Dr. Sid- ney Smith, President of the University of Toronto, which has been published in pamph- let form.

”The increase of literacy has not been, in very modern times, an unmixed blessing," Dr. Smith states. ”Mere literacy leaves men I and women at the mercy of the printed word, and places in the hands of demagogues a tool with which to dupe and warp the pub- lic mind. In libraries where thoughtful and selective reading is aided and, indeed, re- quired, we have the instrument that will make us masters of words and not their slaves. In such libraries there are books to feed the mind and imagination, not trash to anaesthetize the spirit; the wisdom of ages and the discoveries of today are set forth in wholeness and integrity; all sides of a question are open to investigation . . . There is no padlock law to bar that door, and there twill be no book-burning there.”

EDITORIAL NOTES

Plans for a new national farmersl organ- ization were made in Dublin recently at a meeting of 1,200 farmers from all parts of Ireland. The new organization, which will be non-political, will be designed to promote the efficiency of Irish agriculture.

0 I O

In a tribute to King I-laakon VII, who within a few months will have served 50 years as Norway's monarch. a nation-wide collection campaign has been launched to raise money for a Norwegian Seamanis Church in Copenhagen. A gift from the iNorwegian people to its popular King, it will be named ”King Haakon's Memorial iChurch."

0 O 0

It ought not to be difficult for the dairy farmers to prove to the Federal Government ithat the 1931 ”gentlemenls agreement" be- .tween this country and New Zealand, allow- iing that country to send us cheese at very ,low tariff rates, has ('()HSO(I'I0 have moral

Hezltlug 'tinesac(ing7i1:c2ts.bn - railoag Tlaronlhetfgiitreal , westward 59wk-,tIgIflcok'ff1t.'9!!fiu5z .

L 1- ;, guaas i'I,'EM? "

V

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PUBLIC FORUM

This column is upon to an

nuusrlly endorse the opln.Ion.:I loll-upondnnlo. QUALIFICATIONS

Sir.-It was my opinion that a per- son wishing to express his views through The Guardian did it through a letter to the editor-or Ihe Public Forum. Your editorial page this morning suggests there may be a change of policy as you carry an article with a by-line headed "Dr. Ladejinsky's Trials.”

Would it not be a good idea to tell your readers who this writer is. Is he an ”on-the-spot" columnist with a first-hand knowledge of United States affairs. Of course. if he should be far removed from the scene getting his opinions ” hand we should know this too.

If you supplied this information readers would be better able to evaluate the material.

I am. Sir, etc.,

J. P. MIACINNIS Summerside. January 2555.

(There is no secret as to the authorship of the article in question. as the name appeared plainly un- der the heading, in the same man- ner as it has appeared in frequent contributions to The Guardian since last. July. As stated in our columns at that time. Mr. Macqua lie is professor of political science and in- ternational relations at the Uni- versity of Manitoba. He is a native of Victoria, P. E. l., and taught school in this Province for seven years. Later he was assistant pro- fessor of economics and political science at the University of New Brunswick, lecturer in political science at McGill University, and visiting lecturer at Mount Allison University and Acadia University summer school before going to Brandon College, Manitoba, in 1951. He has written on lntemational af- fairs for numerous publications. in- cluding the Christian Science moni-

force, inasmuch as it was based on the as- sumption that Canadian producers would, not he i "tired by the transaction. at O O

. The new it) cont postage stamp that will go on sale Feb. 21 will depict. an Eskimo and lhis kayak. As a tribute to Canada's oldest Icitizcns it is to be commended: but, should Imany of the stamps find their way to the ,Southern and Mid-West Slates, most of ;whose- residents already picture this country las an ice-bound region the year round, their ijadvcrtising value will be doubtful, to say the 3 least.

0 I D

it would be a help to the rest of us if ,the atomic experts could come to a greater lmcasure of agreement among themselves. ,The other day the chairman of the American IAlomic Energy Commission said that "the level of radiation reaching populated areas- long distances from the actual explosions, that is-after atomic bomb tests is far be- low the levels which could be harmful to human beings." Immediately, the statement was challenged by Dr. Alfred Sturtevant, Professor of Genetics at the California Insti- tute of Technology, who stated that his cal- culations indicate that "of the 90 million children born in the world last year, at least 1800 were adversely affected by radiation from bomb tests." He said further that this figure was ultra-conservative and that "the real value could easily.be 100 times greater." 0 D 0

Something for our local legislators to think about when they assemble here next month is a bright news item from Phoenix, Arizona. It states that the Arizona House of Representatives have hired a lady "charm school" teacher and professional actress to read all the bills introduced. Thorn will be no more harsh dlssonances in the reading

launched soothinglv. It remains to he soon what effect this innovstionwlll hovoon oom-

tnr. the Brandon Daily Sun. the Win- nipeg Free Press and the Halifax Herald. lie usually spends his sum- mer vacations on the Island and is widely known here personally and by repute.-Ed. G.)

Role OI The Crown

ttlttawa Journal)

Dr. Eugene Forsey has dune wcll in cm' nasize in It recent ad- dress Inc .nle of the monarchy in the Gr. 'li..IIQfII of Canada.

Nowhere was the wisdom of the Fathers of Cmfcrlcration demon- strated more unmistakably than in their dclibci-ate decision to make Canada a monarchy. n dominion under the Crown, rather than a republic in the style of the United States.

There is nothing hacrosanct about a monarchy: the authority of the Quccn rests not upon any vcsilge of divine right but upon the common will of the people. The Dominion of C inada is ll monarchy not because that status was im- posed upon us by empire-conscious dignitaries in London but because those patriotic and far-seeing cit- izens. the Fathers of Confedealion, wrote it into our constitution and established it as a basic principle of our Canadian system of law and government.

There is no evidence that repub- llcsnism has gained any strength here in the past 90 yearl. and It the constitution were being written today the choice made in 1867 would be confirmed. The simple fact is that in the present state of political evolution, and In the light of the tradition and history of the countries associated in the British Commonwealth of Nations, there II no style of government so well sult- ed to the needs of the times and the interests of the people of this country.

dirt that Canada will have a king or a queen a hundred or I thou- sand years hence but for today and for the foreseeable futur- there is no alternative so precisely designed to turn our needs. to protect our Ilborlill. and to guard the British principles and preced- on acquired in our long, slow Ind progress.

IADIC If

Gounclllors of In London county council in England up elected for"

Nobody would presume to pre--

Members of the House of Com- mons have made and heard many speeches since Parliament , ” on the seventh of this month, and the Hansard report of debates has already run to over three hundred pages. One matter which accounts for but a small portion of this large total is of great significance and it was somewhat surprising to note that it was passed over without comment by most of the speakers. This was the case of Dr. L. B. Thompson. the director of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act. and unsuccessful contender for the leadership of the Saskatchewan Lib- eral party.

It was Mr. Dlefenbaker who

' brought the matter to the attention

of the government and in doing so he gave voice to his serious mis- givings on the handling of the whole affair. Dr. Thompson as director of the P.F.R.A., a very important agency on the prairies. tendered his resignation last fall prior to the Liberal convention in Saskatch- ewan. No action was taken on it until after the Liberals had chosen their new leader. Dr. Thompson came out second in the balloting and some weeks later the cabinet. on the advice of Mr. Gardiner. decid- ed that the resignation should not be accepted. 0 O 0

Mr. Diefenbaker denounced the procedure as detrimental to the preservation of a non-political civil service and quoted one of the Sask- atchewan Liberal candidates who accused Mr. Gardiner of using, or causing the P.F.R.A. to be used for political purposes. The Minister of Agriculture has long been re- garded as a dominant figure in provincial politics in Saskatchewan and, in some quarters. the candid- acy of Dr. Tho was consider- ed as being one of his shrewd moves, which this time proved un- successful. In defending his action in,the House Mr. Gardiner stated that Dr. Thompson's only political activity was his attendance at the nominating convention. He also maintained that no one else with comparable. qualifications was avail- able for the post.

Those who know of Dr. Thomp- son's work would generally agree with the minister's recital of his merits. but the ability and quali- fications of this particular civil ser- vant were not in question. At stake however is a most important princi- ple of our present form of govern- ment -- the impartiality and per- manence of the civil service. Not so long ago all were fair game for the dispensers of political paironrgc and the slogan "To the victor belong the spoils" was faithfully followed. Such a prac- tice made for insecurity. ineffici- cncy and often downright corrup- tion In the ranks of the govern- mcn'JI service. Holders of govern- ment jobs found it expedient to curry favor with the party in pow- er and perhaps secure their own positions by trying to keep it in power. Gradually however this de- plorable sltuatlon was changed by a process of civil service reform which granted security of tenure to the prove. in! and

government jobs i

Civil Servants & Politicians

By Heath Mncquarrlo

removed him from the anxieties which he had once felt whenever a change of government occurred. 0 O I

But the civil servant in his new- found security is expected to keep out of party politics and preserve a' detachment from the political battles which may go on around him. (In Britain at one time civil servants were not allowed to vote although this restriction no longer applies). it is in the employee's interests that this neutrality be maintained, and in these days when the ranks of the Civil Service are ever expanding, any deviation from this practice should be viewed with alarm. The impartiality of the governmental service is one of the cornerstones of our present system. and no public man who minimizes the danger is doing either the ser- vice or the country a favor. Let the politician keep his hands off the civil service so long as it is performing its proper duty. but let the civil servant remember that he is expected to keep out of politics unless he wishes to leave the sec- ure position which has been creat- ed for him.

Vte .

COMPANION TO A SOLDIER

We were not strangers. Death and I, a pair

Not friendly, yet on nodding, speak- ing terms;

Acquainted. we had seen each other act

On beaches, seas, bleak mountains. lonely pat .

We chose in mi el. walk together. day

On day and night. companions yet not friends.

A gun and I most wary. watching

Den

While asking will lie strike - and when - and how;

A constant pair. and yet not friends, not friends.

-Dale Gnhl. in the New York licrald-Tribune.

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1355 -. CHARLOTTETOWN CENTIENNIAL .. 1955

- CIVIC DINNER

honouring

Chsrlottctowlfs former living Mayors, s Councillors and Water Commissioners.

GllABLO'l'l'ETOWN nomn MONDAY, JANUARY am, 1955

The Public ls cordially invited to attend, but due to the limited number of places available, you are urged. if interested, to pick up your tickets at the office of the General Manager, 111 Grafton Street, prior to Saturday

onanwrrniown CENTENNIAL oonimrrnn

Dinner '1 RM. S2.00 '

, it I I

I

has 4 The Guardian

NOTESSBY

You may think you have known

people who have plumbed the

depths of palatal depravity. But we have seen -- and tasted - the worst. Came across a man the other day who likes a kin of half- and-balf new to us: Coff mixed with tea. Each is made aeparately Mame" .. -. .... e ..

there is no brew like it. An experi- mental slp brought complete agree- ment. We recommended ”Teacoff" as a treat for Friend Husband on the morning of April the First - but will not be regponsible for the consequences. --Sherbrooke Record.

We like the French and one of the things we particularly like about them is their, ability to com- bine iealism with grace. Who else could report-as they have in a government hand-out that has reached our desk-the inauguration of a luxury air service between Paris and New York "non-atop, with a technical call at Shannon?” Ono of the blunt realities of our age. of course, is that supposedly non-stop Atlantic flights regular- ly come to earth for fuel in the green Irish countryside at Shaman or. less pleasantly. among the bleak Icelandic rocks at Keflavik or the harsh Newfoundland and Labrador bush at Gander or Goose Bay. But it takes a Frenchman to admit this with the gentle. wryly humor- Qus charm of "no-stop, with a tech- nical call.” -Hamilton Specta- tor.

There are. in this country. in- dividuals with no sense of history (or of much else, for that matter). who narrow-mlndedly suppose that any association with the British crown is a Sign of servllity and colonialism. In many respects they resemble their equally un- historic and ridiculous counter- parts in the United States. the "I00-percent.-Americans". But why should such a minority be able to achieve such results in Ottawa? An answer to that question is needed, and at once. If some citizens want to make Canada a republic, if they want to expunge and erase all men- tion of royalty, sever all bonds with Britain, France or any other country. it is their privilege to try. provided they proceed under the law. This is a free country and those who wish to preach such a gospel have a right to do so. But they have not the right to behave in the "sly, sllthering, serpentine" manner so well described by the observant Dr. Eugene Forsey. We demand to know, and all honest Canadians should join in the de- mand, who are these shadowy re- publicans and whence their power? If they are civil servants. gratify- ing their own prejudices without permission, where have the respons- ible minlsters and members of Parliament been while this quaint type of subversion has been going on? If they are ministers (which we should be most reluctant to believe) by what process of con- science do they call themselves ministers of the Crown or justify the breaking of their oaths of of- fice? One thing is clear: though no minister may have inspired or instigated this "creeping republican- lsm", as Dr. Forsey scathingly stamps it. some ministers are of- ficially responsible for it. It is time they cleaned house and made a report on the ho- e-cleaning to the people who hold them in duty bound to do so.

-Brantford Expositor.

THE WAY

You might not re:

that in England. in IIllIIIiudb:yu": man would have to go out and '55,, for a dose of common cold, but 3., it is. The Ministry of Health ask. edfor and received 100 such vol. unteerse to advance its research into coryza. Precisely how these worthy citizens are.t.o catch coryza is not ' i ” but the interest. ing thing to us is, how they hav. so far succeed f in avoiding it, Such a splendid health record is nothing to sneeze at.-London Free Press.

A new red sun is rising In an east. It holds a warning which we must heed. China has been dor. mant for 700 years because sh; has been disunited. Now lhe is once more unified; this time under communism. Fdr her stride into the modern world she has found . guide and friend in Russia. The day may well come when she will be able to throw away the Rus. sian prop. But we cannot count on it. We must match strength with strength and strive for friendship, which is something better than coexistence. - London Daily Mair

A petticoat saved a woman from a 350-foot fall at Cremonn. ltahv, recently. She had slipped and started to fall over the stair rail- ings of the Torazo Tower and there she hung for two days until rescued and taken to a hospital. A good many years ago a woman living near the Reversing Falls at Saint John, N. B., had a somewhat sim- ilar experience. She jumped or fell from the fall's bridge. Her skirts opened in the wind and her pettl. coats. several and amply-cut, acted as a parachute. She made I smooth water-landing. floated to shore and helpful hands came to her roscug, The oldtime full pettlcoats, now back in favor, with modifications. can be pretty useful things to hsv ,

-Slicrbrooko Rooor

Mr. Link. of Binghampton. New York, is confident that he will find the remnants of the Santa Maria be- low Lemonade Reef. off the north coast of Haiti. It was wrecked on Christmas Eve. more than two months after the dlscovory of that New World. Mr. Link and his pub. in collaboration with the Smithson- ian Instltutlon. will sail from Mimi April 1 in his specially fitted ves- sel. "Sea Diver.” to invostigau the centurlesold secret. "I think we've got the place Ipottod within one or two miles." he said. During Columbus' voyage the westerly variations of the magnetic needle were noticed for the first Elmo. causing great fears among his crew. It is an interesting sidollghl on man's progress in nnvigntl since then that the Link trainer. invented by Mr. Link. is used is simulate navigation problems of

modern "blind" night for the train- ing of aircraft pilots within hood- ed cockpit which never leaves the ground. Journal.

-Saint John ToIIlrlPh-

Tho Ago Old Story

Put not forth thyself In the prof once of the king. and stand not in the place of great men: for bet- ter it is that it In said unto nu. Come up hither: than that thou shouldesf be put lower in the pros- encc of the prince whom thine eyes

have seen.

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