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TllE BIIARLUTTETOWN GUARDIAN-

Marnlng Daily (Founded la 1881) Autho- * as Second Class Mall. Part on!» ' Department. Ottawa. e President.’ lan A. Burnett; Vice-President. Win. If. Burnett; Secy.-Treas., G. til. Burnett; Editor iino Managing Director, Jr IL Ilurnett; Associate Editor:

Frank Walker.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Tlirm the Weakest Ink."

wellness... JULY cam-Tsar __,_ N,

The Senate’s Function _

Highly questionable, in the opinion of the Ottawa Journal, is the logic of Prime Minister King's recent statement that if the C. C. F. party ever took office at Ottawa the people would want the Senate to protect it from C. C. F. pol- icies. On the contrary, the Journal claims, the true functions of the ‘senate are to assist in giv- ing effect to the voicc of the people. lt quotes the following revealing statement by Senator Farris in this connection:

"l do know of no one who had a clearer conception of the functions of the Senate than Mr. Arthur Melghen. l have listened to him when he was leader in this House, analyzing, criticizing and almost destroying by his force- ful argument the reasons advanced for thc in- troduction and passage of government bills. But if those bills concerned government policy and were representative of the sentiment of the peo- ple who elected the government, and no minor- ity rights were being involved, Mr. Meighen would never go further than to protest the measures. Even when he commanded a majority in this t-lcuse he recognized the conventions of the constitution. ~

"That is the way the Senate will function, irrespective of the party in power. But‘ any time that a government seeks to use its majority as an instrument of tyranny to deprive provinces. religious denominations, corporations or in- dividuals of their rights; then under our system of government the Senate has a power that it must exercise. The government of the day, by an appeal to the people, always has the power of overcoming any obstruction the Senate might put up. No mattef how serious the tyranny may be if the people back up the Government, there comes a time when majority rule must take its course."

How much better this, suggests the Journal, —-how much more cog-ant and imderstanding, than loose talk—-and from a professed Liberal- about the Senate being a bulwark against some possible C. C. F. Ministry!

Woriii Economics

The United Nations has just published some figures which define the world's basic economic problem with great clarity.

United States exports are now nearly 2 1-Z times larger in volume than before the war. No country in Europe, however, not even Great Britain, has reached the levels of its 1937 trade.

Europe's gold reserves have dwindled. lt is I conservative estimate to place the present stocks It one-third the 1937 figures. In France, foi gxample, reserves have fallen from $2,566,000,- 000 in 1937 to $695,000,000 last May. The re- serve in the Netherlands jumped from $933,- 000,000 to $196,000,000. Russia has always treated her gold reserves as a state secret.

While Europe has been losinguts gold, the United States has been accumulatisg it. Treas- ury holdings have jumped from $12,760,000,000 in 1937 to $20,933,000,000 now. 5

These figures prove conclusively _that the Marshall Plan is, not an act of charity on'the part of United States for Europe but springs from the deeply-rooted needs_of the U. S. econ- omy today. The revival of Europe as the first essential to continued prosperity in the United States.

Military Plans Too Vague

War, Hon. L. B. Pearson is supposed to have told M. P.'s at its secret meeting before adjournment, is not likely to start tomorrow {says The Printed Word). lt is still a possibility at any time. Our military plans seem extra- ordinarily vague. The Chief of the General Staff appears to feel that there is no chance of fight- ing in or over Canada. ll hc be right, the need wouldbe for plans to mobilize another expedi- tioiiary forcef to provide a fair-sized Air Force ready for operations abroad, and the creation of n Navy intended chiefly for convoy. If he be wrong, then the need is for fully organized oper- ational forces, ready to be put into action any- rrherii in Canada at a moment's notice. The present plans, as outlined by Mr. Cloxton and known to the public, seem to provide for neither of these arrangements, but merely to maintain ll huge-and costly administraiive machine, with no real forces of which it c uld dispose. In iimple language, the present plans seem to be to provide us with a war office and the admin- lstrritive machinery for large forces, but no force. One exception has to be made. lt is understood that there is a real effort being made to provide for the maintenance of pro- ductive capacity for weapons, and for rapid mobilization of industry. Despite these criti- clsms, it ntust be recorded tnat Mr. Claxton-fgave rridence that there is a serious military pro- gramme, and certainly impressed the House most favourably.

Casualties in Tito’ Wars

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748, those from disease numbered 6,767, and other-deaths 1,006. As there were, in all, 619,- 636 men in the Canadian forces in the 1914-1918 hostilities, nearly one in ten mod-e the supreme sacrifice.

In the Second Great War, more than a milliormen-to be exact, 1,04l,808—were in the armed and associated services, along with 45,69l women in uniformed organizations. There were 41,992 Canadians killed in action or died of wounds. The casualty ratio was thus much lower than in the First Great War.

Likewise the wounded in the First Great War far exceeded the corresponding toll in the Second Great War-172,05t) as against 53,145.

the wounded score in the 1914-1918 struggle, compared with about one in 20 in the 1939-1945 cbnflict.

Moreover, fewer Canadians became prison- ers of war in the first "show" than in the sec- and-about 3,000, as against approximately 5,- 000. The whole comparative statistical picture

costly in precious human values than was the Second Great War, despite the almost doubled service personnel involved and the longer period of hostilities.

-— IZDHURIAL NUIIIS -

The Water Commissioners claim to be "The Elect" of the community. How the "Miglity“ have fallen in the discharge of their duty!

Ottawa plumbers have reached an agree. ment setting wages at $1.25 an hour. lt is un- derstood, of course, that this includes time spent

waiting for tools.

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Lord Dufferin, Governor-General, visited here this date i873, and received a rousing re- ception which included a State Ball at Govern-

ment House.

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Charlottetown's citizens have on jnyqluulfle asset in the proximity of Rocky Point. A de. lightful ferry trip and an afternoon on the beach are within the reach of all.

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The Council of the Board of Trade has been assured tnat it will be a few years yet before q dial telephone system becomes a reality in Char. lottetown. Everything comes to him who waits.

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Ono's reaction to the complaint of Mr. Rochette of Quebec that while in New York his chauffeur, limousine ard 32 $100 bills all disappeared is to ask how he happened to nave

that much cash out of the country in the first place.

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New Brunswick claims to have a new seed potato contract from Argentine, but regrets that it is only for 320,000 crates as against 750,000 crates lost year. Evidently British Columbia has "butted in" on their market.

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Hopes that Canada's civil service would b-e reduced from its wartime strength have proved illusory._ iln 1946 no less than 52,500 civil serv» ant appointments were made. Only in 1943 were more government employees engaged.

Something has got to be done about these railway level crossings. The risks to limb and life are too great to be tolerated these days when so many motor vehicles travel our roads. The latest accident involves Provincial Government employees and truck, and should demand con- sideration from the powers-that-be.

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The lions and lambs of the Provincial Lib- cral organization have reached the stage of lyrng dowmtogether, if not loving each other. Anyway it is pleasant to have them present an outward appearance of harmony in face of the criticisms levelled ‘otgheir nomination policies.

_ The report that ‘the post-war hoboes meet- ing for their annual international convention at Windsor, Ont., arrived by train and automobile recalls the famous definition by "King Hobo" Jeff Davis. He declared that a hobo works and wanders. A tramp wondei's and doesn't work. A bum neither works nor wanders. A’ I i *

General Ulysses Simpson Grant. twice Presi- dent of the United States, died this date 1885; was Brigadier General in th-z Civil War, becom- ing Cammander-in-Chief in 1864, and finally defeated the Confederates at Five Forts in the following year, after which they surrendered, ending the war; elected President in 1868, and re-elected in 1872. '

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As in duty bound the City Council are pressing for an explanation of what the Wotor Commissioners euphemistically describe as the "Mount Edward Road incident"'—whereby the citizens were deprived for a whole day of light, heat and power. As a publicly elected body hand- ling one of our most important of public utilities, one would have thought they would have been instant in informing the ratepayers of the cause of the trouble, and the steps token to prevent a repetition. Instead they suggest they will deal with it in a report next year.

The British Labor Government -has decided not to resume the business of life insurance by the state, according to Current Topics, the pub- lication of the Canadian Life Insurance Officers’ Association. The scheme was instituted in i864, its object being to provide insurance for mod- oral-e sums with government security at low cost in competition with the industrial insurance companies and friendly societies. The insurance wanoffered for sale by, the post off-Ice. However,

ln a period cf 30 years, Canada participat- td in the two worst wars in oil hlstory-durirg which conflicts more than 100,000 Canadidns gave their lives. That was the major price paid by this Dominion in defence of human liberty ‘and for the survival of/our Country as a free‘ and. . -lii the First Grbot War, 59,521 Canadians Illll killed in action, died of wounds or from ntlm cum. Actual battle deaths totaled 51,-

sevcral inquiries by a large number of commit- tees, and several amendments, including a lowcring of the premiums, the system was dis- continued in 1929. The assistant-postmaster-

jgsnerol stated recently, in on answer to an in-

quEry in Parliament, that the life insurance business transacted by the post office had al- ways been very small, and that it was not con- sidered dcairoblo or necessary for the post of- fice to re-enter the field. i

Expressed another way, close to one in three wasl

goes to prove that the First Great War was more

the venture did not prove very popular, and iifter|

__ run Cl-IARLUFTETOWN "GUARDIAN _____

Notes By The Way

An editor aakl: What ll the use

of athletic sports? He must be a

bachelor. When he turns to and wrestles with the furnace and

Icarriea out the ashes, clears off jthe snow, beats carpets, he will realize the use of athletic sports.

‘And if he ever does a midnight

marathon in a relay race with twins .;

he will thank his athletic training from the bottom of his heart. — Chathem News.

Our thoughts ‘urally turn to the marriage of England's last pre- vious full queen: Victoria. Meet- ing Albert of Saxe-Coburg. whom she had not‘ seen for some time, the Queen found him "grown, changed and embellished." It. was "with some emotion." Victoria related, that. she now beheld Albert, "who is beautiful." In less than is week she had ‘proposeck “a nervous thing

never have presumed to take such a liberty." She told Albert that. ll; would "make me too happy if he would consent to' what I wished. Albert did not hesitate; he received the offer with the greatest demon- stration of kindness and affection. The Queen then went on to teil him that she was "quite unworthy of him." that it was “a greet soo- rlfice on hls part," to which he graciously demurred. We are un- likely to have from Princess Eliza.- bettfq dairy any such accounts as this of events that; Vicborlis describ- ed with pleasant candor- The world, seeing this pretty girl and young naval officer together, will like to think of this as a love match ra- ther than any union dictated by politics, national or international. Two young people in love bnrl pre- paring for on early wedding are always good news, warming to the heart. especially tn the world chill- ed wlth its many depressing troub- les. - New York 'I‘1mes._

We hear many walls elf indigna- tion from the poor pedestrian who ls forced to plck his hazardous way through this high-speed age, says "The Christian Science Monltbr. But the Automobile Legal Association of Boston sends us an urgent plea. for justice to the maligned motor- ist who in 1946 travelled 249,000,000,- 000 miles in the Unltged States. yet izllled only 9.7 people per 100.000.- 000 miles of vehicle travel, This disposes, they say, of the fiction that. every harmless pedestrian he- comcs an irresponsible maniac the moment he gets behind the wheel.

This was one of Franklin D. Roosevelt's favorite stories. Two rather rowdy young duckies, in whose minds shrltllng police sirens were insolubly connected with great. personal trouble and inconvenience, were walking along Pennsylvania avenue, ln Washington, one morn- lng when they became suddenly e- ware of a long black car bearing down upon them’ preceded by slr- en-souncling motorcycles in awe- some number. “Who out?” stam- nzercd one of the Negroes. “Why. you wail-eyed lgoramus," rejoined the other. "dat am de President ob dc United States!" “Yeah? said the first Negro. “Whul. he done?"-f Wall Street Journal.

Canadians may soon have in a- bandon the well-wom story about how the farmer spends his savings on building an up-to-dete born for his livestock instead of a mod- crn home for hlmself and his fam- ily. Prairie farmers at least are heading for a. new deal on farm housing. A rural housing commit- tee which met. recently in Saska- toon has asked the Dominion and prairie governments to make ii- vuliable to farmers a wide variety of modern home designs. It is pro- posed to enlist. the housing experts ot the universities of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. lederpi agricultural officials, farmers and architects in the search for the best types of farm homes. For some obscure reason, city-bred Canadians lave always assumed that the far- mer and his wife were indifferent to the “house pride" of suburbanltes. The prairie farmers have started the ball rolling and those in other provinces would do welt to fallow suit. By the time building materials are plentiful every thrifty Canad- ian farm family should be able to

‘plan for a home that will be as

much help and joy as the cream separator. electric mllkersptractors and all the other modern farm gadgets. - Vancouver Province.

One or two readers have queltlon- ed the strict accuracy of the title ‘Republic of Ireland" used in an editorial the other day. Authority for its use was a speech by Prime Minister de Valera. who referred to "the Irish Republic," says The Ed- monton Journal. Prior to I937, when a new constitution went. into effect. the 26 counties of Southern Ireland were known as the Irish Free state. In that. your the name was changed to Ireland, in Enl- lish, and Eire in Gaelic. The 1937 constitution describes Irelandma a sovereign independent state and makes no mention of the King or Commonwealth. However, it. has rc- malnecl within the Empire as l. memiber nation in the British Com- monwealth of Nations. Yet, u tho International Year Book for i937 says, "Ireland, under the new fun- damental law, was a republic in all l but name." In an important speech ‘on foreign relations last. October. Prime Minister do Valera said that the ussociatin of “the Irish Repub-

Ilic" with the Commonw- it)‘ had practical values.

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‘wtivnsoii. wan-mo Monomer

IDNDJN. July 22 - (JP) —'l‘he Evening Star RODS-p column said icdsy that the Duke of Windsor, "faced with the alternative of iri- creasing his Income or cilblbllll ielfy cutting nis spending," is bur- ri-edly ccmplotlng hi: mcmorlrr up to the time of his unification in

l

‘ i960.

LAND OI‘ BILVEI

Northenn Lllhto have boon on;

noarioutaueincoaon.

t

to do," but she knew that he would .

, The hfiszLeods -. Of Lewis '

The Clan MacLeod Mag. lllnt. Edinburgh)

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One of the many irogedzes of- the terrlblis warfare which raged in the Highlands duflng the 16in century [was the extinct-ton in ills-e main line of the great. and perm-gm family of the Macbesdscf Lewis. They were clercendrd from Lead’: son Torquii patrimony a Dirt of Lewis and Waternfsh ln Skye, but qwlngjo the Chi-cf: melting important marriages the; had acquired by the

beginning of the 16th century, the .

whole of Lewliuand the d stnicts of Assynti Gals-lock and cClflPlfih on the mainland.‘ '

The Island ‘land; were ‘zeld under the Earls of Bu; and the Lords of the Isles up to 1493; but at. that. time the Lordship 0L the Isles W35 fcrcilcted. Gzudually the Inland Chiefs pbtpine-l Crown cnnriers of their estates. so that we find that ‘Malcolm. Dth Ohlef, vies granted a charter in 1511 under the Great Seal cf "the lends and castle of {Lewis and Waternlsh in the Lord- ship of the Iitles with other lands erected in his favour into the bar- ony and lorrishlp of Lewis, the place and castle o_f Stomochway to ‘be the chief messurige."

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Another charter Was granted in 1641 lo ROderIck, 10th Chief, who was the lest Chief to reign over the whole estste, He had a long and varied career, and was mar- irled three times. B; hl-s first wzfe. Janet Mackenzie of Klnta... he had one son, Torqull, who was known as Torqull Cononach, having been put out to foaterage among his mother's relations in Strathcona.

Rory, however. (T-VOTCCQ Janet. and Torquil was dLsinheritccl on the

alleged grounds of his being a son ,

of Hucheon Morison, the Brelthe- umm or Celtic Judge of Lewis. In 1451 Rory married Barbara Stewart ,daughter of Lmcl Avandale, and by ,her had another son also called ITorquil, and surnamed (rlghre, or ‘the heir. This young man ‘was said to be o! greet. promise, our‘. in 1563 Queen Mary wrote the following letter to him: ~ “Torquil MecLeod: We grert you well. We are informed that some of the Isles are dssZ-rous to have you allied to them by marriage; and because you have that honour to be of the Stewart blood, we though‘. expedient to give you ad- vertisement that lt is our will and pleasure that. you ally yourself to no party in marriage wrthoui our advice. and until we declare our opinion to yourself flier-an. Sub- scribed with our hand at lnverary. the 28rd of July. 1563." Unfortunately Torquil Otghre was drowned in a great storm when

galley about ‘.566. a

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Late in life Rory married his third wife, a sister of MacLean of Duart. and both his sons by her, Torqull. cur-named Dubh, and Tor- mod, later succeeded ln temporar- ily getting possession of Lewis.

Totqull COIICIIIIlC-h naturally much resepted being dismherl-ced. Terrible feuds raged between nlrn and Rory. and twice the old man was taken prleoner by him On the the second nocaslon Torqut! sur- rounded tbe castle of Siornowny. took ft after a short liege, made his father prisoner and killed some of his followers. At the some time he took- away all the charters and writs belonging to the family. and ultimately handed ihem_over to the Mackenzie: of Kintoil. He then sent for his son. John and made hlm lccr-per of the castle and giaoler to his rrrandfathe

This unfortunate yout-h was even- tually murdered by his bastard uncle, Rory 0g, and old Rory re- gained his liberty and possession of Lewis, which he retained until he died about 1596.

On his death his son, Torqulil

Rory MacLeoct of Dimvegon, tsok possession of the Island, although his rlgcits W(~l'£ disputed by Tor- quii Cononnch The latter’: two cons were now dead. but his dough- ter, Margeren. had married Roder- ick Mackenzlrr, a brother to Mac- kenzie of Klriinll. and Torquil Con- onach threw himself into the arms of that family

Torqull Dubh with the help of merry of the clan and of Rory Mor. in December 1596 nttar-ked Loch Broom and Cclzeacti (which had been given to Torquil Cono-nach at the time of a temporary reconcil- lotion with his father) and overrun and laid west/e these lands. Kin- tisll lost no t‘nie in complaining to the Privy Coumll who ordered Tc-rqull Dubti to lppfir before thcdn; this he failed to do and in his absence was formally declared a rebel.

loco

Early ln 1W1 an Act of Perl‘:-

ownerii were ordered to produce their tltledoc-ru at Edinburgh b] May of that year, cr ruffcr the penalty of forfeiture. Agata Torqull felled to comply, as n11 his charters and writs were by now the liandl of the Mlckenzps. encr- ‘tly After he was lellcil at tho instigation of ‘nu-quit Coaonnoli who, to quote an old manuoofp! of the Mackenalez. "made him short by the head.’ ‘Ihmnma menu cript goes on to uy: "A: he rm behead- od than arose a great earthquake which uitoniohciittio actors and all the inlnb wit: about them Ir a sign of Gown judgaioxh! After Tor-quit‘. death bis Itard brother Neil took possession of leirli, and quilted by Rory Mor and the Mao- Leann o". nun‘- promote w uphold the rig-ill of ‘rorquli Dubh’: three young lflllk, ' (To be concluded)