¥

P

elsewhere in P.E.i $9.00 Prcvinces ‘ United States $12.00 ' per ee Se

S& =

Nehru And Communism ~ | Prime Minister Nehru has learn- ©

ed that “neutralism” in the world of today is almost impossible. As long as he spoke softly about the Soviet Union and Communist China —frequently seeming to take their _ part against the West—he was well regarded in Moscow and Peiping. Indeed, there was a time when it was feared that India, under Mr. Nehru, would tread the path of Communism. ;

For some time, Nehru has been taking a more critical look at international Com- munism. Perhaps the brutal suppres- sion of the Hungarian revolt started this new appraisal. Perhaps the actions of a Communist government in the Indian State of Kerala led him to a more realistic view of how Communists behave when they are in power. In any event, Mr. Nehru ‘has at last spoken out frankly against Communism and all its works. In a recent speech he called it “a creed of violence that encour- aged an evil tendency”. The result? Mr. Nehru is no longer regarded in Moscow or Peiping as a friend or “even as a docile “neutralist”. He has’ been denounced bitterly.

Mr. Nehru is a man of much in- fluence in Asia and Africa. Now that he has seen for himself that temporizing with the leaders of Communism d not pay, that neutralism and tyranny is an impractica’sand, in- deed, dangerous doctrine, perhaps he will use that influence to good effect by putting India squarely on the side of the free world. The democratic socialism in which he ‘believes will never be secure in _any other kind of world.

An Unpaid Debt

- While Mr. Mikoyan has been gad- ding about/the United States, urging better trade relations wherever he goes, American newspapers have been

however, Mr.

asking some pointed questions about a |

previous trade deal which the Soviet Union’s first deputy premier appears to have forgotten. It has reference to wartime lend-lease. All told the United States shipped $11 billion worth of military and civilian sup- plies to Russia. No paynent was ever asked for the thousands of planes, guns, tanks and the quantities of ex- plosives, but the U.S. did request-a percentage of the cost of the tractors, trucks, locomotives, etc:, that had a peacetime value.

The records show Russia agreed to pay $222 million for goods that were in the “pipe line” when the war erided. Some fayments of principal and interest were made, but no agree- ment was ever reached on an over-all settlement in spite of: prodding.

The Russians did return the crui- ser Milwaukee, some Liberty ships, destroyer escorts and small craft. But many of the vessels were not sent

back until 1955 and 1956, more than

10 years after the end of hostilities,

and just last March’ President Eisen- hower reported that the Soviets pro- posed to sink 79 lend-lease vessels be- eause they were worn out.

. , 5 Russell's Fears

In a new book, “Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare”, Earl Bertrand Russell, noted British , philosopher, says that the East-West power strug- gle and the conquest of science and space are leading mankind “toward insane death and the extinction of all ‘life on earth’. “Our ‘present courses”, he writes, “lead inevitably, sooner or later, to the destruction of the hurfan species”, He has doubt that the*wotld’s statesmen and poli- ticians can-thend their ways suffi- ciently to ward off this disaster.

In a foreword, Lofd Russell says that the aim of his book “is to show possible means of achieving peace in ways acceptable to Communist na- tions, to NATO nations and to the uncommitted nations”. rub, of course. If they are not alto- gether mad, the leaders. of the Com- munist world are no more anxious to start a nuclear war, rhuch less to bring about the destruction of life on earth) than are the leaders of the

There’s the .

‘Western nations. Both sides want peaee because—if for no other reason —they cannot hope to gain anything

etrouble is that a formula for peace \. initiated by one side does not agreé with proposals made by the other side. If Lord Russell or any other philosopher knows how to make the necessary reconciliation and can. con- vince both sides of the practicability of his formula, then international is-

|-mats and made the sole responsibility” of the philosophers of. both sides, a way could be found to preserve and strengthen the peace. They seem to. have agreed very well on the. few occasions ‘they met together. But, alas, that is a forlorn dream. This is not an age in which philosophy has the pre-eminence. In countries ruled by: dictatorships, it is a tool of the State.__In countries democratically governed it is ofttimes suspected of being too visionary to be of any prac- tical imporjgance.

Dictators In Discard

- Democracy has done well in the last few years in Latin America. Batista of Cuba has now joined-three dictators in discard. They are Peron of Argentina, Rojas of Colombia and Jimenez of Venezuela. In Peru, the dictator Gen. Odria bowed out and: permitted-free choice of a president who has restored constitutional gov- ernment. ,

Of the 20 nations south of the Rio Grande, only three are now dictator- ships. Rafael Trujillo runs the Domi- nican Republic, through a convenient puppet president, his brother Hector. In Paraguay, Gen. Alfredo Stroessner and the military hold the reins. In Nicaragua, ' Luis Somoza, son of the late tyrant, Anastasio Somoza, is president. He has moved slightly to increase Nicaraguan fredoms, but the country is far from democracy.

The advance of democratic forces ir. Latin America makes all the more significant recent: proposals of Dr. Milton Eisenhower, brother of the ‘President. He wants a blue ribbon council established in Washington to -foster stronger relations and good partnership among the_ American nations. He wants the government to help foster increased private and public credit to Latin America. Dr. Eisenhower made similar recom- mendations in 1953. The recommen-- ‘dations are, now urgent, he insists. The fact that democratic government seems to be gaining in Latin America should win greater. favor for the recommendations among the people of the United States.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Socialist leader Guy Mojlet has refused to join the new French Gov- ernment. He says his party will form a “constructive opposition”. He has thus added a phrase to the political : lexicon. : * a

*. *.

“One of the reasons for any Gov- ernment being in the liquor business”, says the Calgary Albertan, “is the ‘ promoting of more temperate drink- ing habits’’. Another is raising money from liquor taxes. It has always been a problem to bring the two aims into agreement.

* *

12 young Canadian minks have gone on a long journey from Edmon- ton to South West Africa, where they will start a new industry. They will be fed on the carcasses of karakuls, a kind of sheep. Karakul pelts are ‘shipped to Canada and the United States for “Persian lamb” coats.

* a. -

_The P. E. I. Federation of Agricul- ture reports that membership in- creased during 1958 from slightly over 1900 to 3000.\ That represents a step forward. However, the Federa- tion will not be as useful as it might be until all farmers give it their sup- port. —

* ™ *-

At.a meeting of the Central Com- mittee of the Soviet Communist Party Premier Khrushchev advised farmers to feed surplus sugar beets to pigs.

', “You will have good fat pigs”, he told

them. Some enlightened Western farmer should inform Mr. Khrush- chev that his way with pigs is much behind the times. F

* * *

Under the new ,French Constitu- tion the 10 members of the Na‘ Assembly whv appointed to posts in the Cabinet will have to giv: up their parliamentary seats. There will be no by-elections, however, to fill the vacancies. The “alternate” candidates who ran with the electef deputies in November's automatically succeed them in Parlia- ment. §

Vee.

\

-

by war. That is elementary. The

sues could be settled speedily. == | Perhaps “if “wi problems~ were - ‘taken out of the hands-of the diplo-

. book is entitled “‘A Journey from

_harangued the crowd, lampooned

election will °

REMEMBER How we usep To

~ THROW

POSITIONS REVERSED |

OTTAWA REPORT

An Exploration Epic

By Patrick

One of ‘the alltime classics in he world’s literature of explora- tion has for many years been ou of the reach of the average read- er, as a costly item found only in catalogues of rare books. This

Prince of Wales's Fort, in-Hud- son's Bay. to the Northern Ocean, undertaken by order of the Hudson’s Bay Company for the discovery .of Copper Mines. a North West Passage etc. in the years 1769, 1770 and 1772 by sam- uel Hearne.”

This epic of Canadian explora- tion has not been made avail- able in a modern printing, under the somewhat more manageable title of “A Journey. tothe Nor- thern Ocean’ by Samuel Hearne, published. by The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited.

The author was born a cock- ney in 1745. At the tender age of 12, as was then the cusiom. he joined the British Navy and went | to sea as_a cabin boy. seeing | much active warfare during the Seven Years War. The navy was |

German Reunification Caine "bone oa witer

Two subtle hints of a possible | thaw in the American stand in the long-stalled East-West negoti- ations on the future of Germany

have come out of Washington in recent days.

They have been dropped by the two chief architects of Amgrican foreign pol.cy—President Fisen- hower and State Secretary Dulles ~and have come,;. perhaps sig- nificantly, on the eve of talks they plan to hold wifh Anastas I, Mikeyan, the Soviet Union's astute deputy ‘premier.

One was Dulles’ press confer- ence. ‘deciaration Tuesday-~. that the lenz-he!ld Western formula’ of reunification of Germany by free elections is not the only method by wich that divided nation can be reunited. That statement sur- | prised other Western § govern- | ments and threw the~ West Ger- man government into a flap SAFEGUARD NEEDED

The other was recognition by | Dulles, repeated by Eisenhower | Wednesday at another meeting | with the press, that the Soviet | Un.cn has a genuine and unier- | standable concern over a possible revival of German militarism Botlr emphasized that the West | must give the Russians concrete assurance they have nothing to fezr frem a reunited Germany.

Both statements were made in response {to press conference questions but whether they were off-the-cuff answers or del’berate declarations cf policy is a matter of conjecture. But Dulles, partic- ularly, is trained in international

An Elect

P. E: Island Historical Society

Did you know that, ‘in the old days, elections were not held on a single day and by secret ballot as they are in our time? In the

early days, the candidates came | gether at a poiling district,

each other, and doled out rum | from a barrel. The vote was tak- | en, and the candidates ‘and the | barrel} moved on to another dis- | trict.

It was natural that the mixing | of issues and alcohol sometim*s led to loud disputes which, in many cases not being resolved in | an oral manner, were settled by fisticuffs. The most famous squabble of all is our subject for today.

On the Ist of March, 1847, a vicious and disgraceful distur- bance to the general peace and | tranquility occurred in Kings Coun.y. It was election day: and ‘early in the morning a larve body of veters surged toward ,the poll | at Pinette. In the eager throng: were both Scots and Irishmen, each group vociferously deter- |

any one method as an absolutely exclusive one.”

Nicholson

reduced in size when peace came, and the veteran then join- ed the Hundson’s Bay Company as a seaman to serve as mate of” a whaling ship in ship in Hud- son Bay.

It was not long before he was sent off, with five Indian guides, to find the mines where northern Indians said they were picking up free copper. His task was to ascertain whether it would be worth the company’s while’ to) send a snip to atiempt to take | out copper. in commercial quan- iii UNRELIABLE GUIDES

The lone white traveller quick- | ly found that his Indian guides | were unreliable and even dishon- | est. Twice he had to return to his starting poimt. But on his third trip his expedition was well organized under an experienced | and reliaifle Indian guide. weet teok the precaution of recruiting an army of. women {to aci as beasts of burden and to perform all the chores connected with | making and maintaining camp

law, has long experience in deal- ing with the Russians and is not given to. making statements of that kind without long thought be- forehand

*The significance of the \two declarations will not be ! on the Soviet Embassy in Washing- ton and on Mikoyan himsel’: and there .is little doubt that the Soviet leader will try to pry out more infermation when he meets Dulles Friday and Eisenhower’ at the White House Saturday on his return to Wash'ngton from a cross-country tour.

HALF-WAY FORMULA

_ Dulles declined toe drawn out on his. statement that free elec- tions are not the only methed of reunit.ng Germany. There were, he said, all kinds of methods of drawinz countries and people to- getrer ‘“‘and I merely said that I did not feel that we should treat

st

But his observations, limited as they were, could mean Yirat the Un.ted States is moving in the direction ef meeting the Russians half way. on a formula providing ‘or the reunification’ of East and West. Germary by negotiat'en, with all-German elections to fol-

}

{

tow rather than precede -— re- unif.cation ; One cf the toughest hurdles

facing the U.S. in any such move would be to overcome the objec- tions of Chancellor Adenauer.” who has held rigidly go the theory that free elections must accom- Pany the joining of the two Ger- manys. :

ion Riot

mined that its candidates should emerge victorious. Angry words, braggings, defamations, and threats rent the air, which elastic fluid was soon being fanned and agitated by the mechanics of swinging Scottish eudgels aud Irish shellelaghs: which instru- ments were employed to knock the true values and merits of party p'atforms into the heads .of numerous holders of the fran- chise. °

So effectively

did both; sides.: pursue this laudable method of electioneering that, when the altercation was over, the ground was red with blood, many pates had been~-cracked, numerous wounds required attention. ‘and several citizens who jhad come out to vote for another found that they themselves had been elected to seats in the New Jeru- salem, :

This event has gone down in history as the Belfast Rict. Per- hars. in conseauence of this elec- tion brawl| the Sorts \of Temper- | ance organized in et in the following year.

| |

rell did

~

sites. Under these conditions, the expedition was to run smoothly.

Samuel Hearne reached the copper mine, only to find that it was of very litle commercial interest. The local Indians assert that the mine was discovered by an Indian woman, who used to lead groups of men there to ga- ther as much copper as they might need. But as she was the only woman in these parties, the men took such liberties with her that she vowed vengeance on them. So she sat on the mjne and sank slowly into the grofind. tak- ing most of the copper with her beyond the reach of her tormen- tors.

More significant that the story of Copper Mine is the full and vivid description of the natural history of that huge éxpanse of Rupert's Land.

Hearne was the first white man to traverse that sub-arctic ter- rain: no other white man follow- ed his footsteps until J. B. Tyr- so in 1911. Throughout all. that time. the words and the map of Samuuel Hearne remain- ed our only source of information about much of our Northland.

LOVER OF ANIMALS

Hearne was very fond of ani- mals, and kept Canada's ail-

| time most amazing assortment of tamed pets when he was at)

Churchill. These included beaver mink, lemmings, foxes, eagles, snow buntings, lapland buntjags, horned larks and canaries. He domesticated beavers until they followed him around, answered to their names, and climbed on- to his lap to be fondled: In this respect he was probably a -great- er naturalist than Grey Owl, but owing to’ the rarity, of his

| book, up to this time, his achieve-

ments have been little known, Yes he emerges from these wrilt- ings as head and shoulders sup- erior to every other North Am- eriean naturalist before Audubon. In this one book he gives a de- scription of all the animals fish birds, insects, plants and trees und on his four vears-of jour- ee as: well as. what is per- haps the best-.nformed account @T tue life and habits of the bea- ver ever writen, based upon his observation of his own pets. Samuel Hearen is not mention- ed in many of the leading histor- ies of our country, but brief. ac- counts can rightly be found of

|

— =

Role Of The Oxygen Tent

y.: soso

In certain instances, however, the body may need a much great- er concentration of oxygen, pds- sibly as high as 90 -per €ent.. That’s when the doctor orders a

patient placed under an oxygen

tent, a special face mask or, in

‘some cases, inside a specjal oxy-

gen room.

A HEART ATTACK

Let’s say you suffer a coron- ary thrombosis, a heart attack. Your doctor probably will or- der admi: ion of oxygen be- cause this extra gas—and that’s what it is—will. help your heart acquire more :

In fact, the blood throughout your body is énriched by this additional oxygen and the result often is dramatic.

The oxygen eases your breath- ing, it gives your body a more healthy color and it probably will ease or even halt the pain. TRANSPARENT TENT

In. most cases of coronary

thrombosis a doctor will recom-

ment an oxygen concentration of anywhere from 30 to 50 per cent. To administer this‘ effectively, the doctor places a transparent tent around the upper portion of your body. —~ .

Naturally, when you exhale, you breath out carbon-dioxide. Now this waste-bearing product of your bedy could contaminate the oxygen in the tent and ren- der it. completely useless. ABSORBENT CHEMICAL

It doesn't, however, because sodium ‘lime also is present in- side the tent. This chemical ab- sorbs all the carbon dioxide and keeps the air clean and pure.

Your doctor will keep you in- side the tent until he thinks you can breathe normal air without suffering any distress. Usually this will take about four or five

| days. ‘

The concentration of oxygen will then be reduced gradually during a 24-hour period. For the next 12 hours or so you will be

concentration, still remaining fa- side the tent just in case QUESTION AND ANSWER

P.G.:. How long does it take to get cured of undulant fever?

Angwer: This is extremely var iable. Some cases treated with antibiotics and vaccine recover ip 4a few months. Others. treated in the same manner, may recur Be- peated!y over a period of years

Continued observation and re peated treatment are required in such instances.

MAXIMS

Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may stl exist but you have ceased te live. oer

breathing the norma! 20 per cen? :

a e

NOTES.

ERs

&§ a

It will hurt our prestige.”’—L’Un- ion, Rheims. Vice - President Nixon never

put a foot wrong. The question is whether he did not put it right a little too often. It was not, of course, lif® business to do much more than meet people: and ex- ude good will. This he tid most Capably. All the same. many people prefer to the smooth com- petence of a Nixon the impulsive mistakes of a Truman. This is a matter of political psychology. of the elusive quality that makes people trust.a man.—Manchester Guardiar ‘

Steckholm—Of the 1,500 patients treated thus far in Stockholm’s four Anti-smoking Clinics, 80 per cent have stopped smoking en- tirely, and 17.5 per cent have reduced their cigarette smoking to one-fourth or less of their pre- vious consumption. Dr. Borje Ejurp, of Karolinska Hospital, reported at the annual meeting

cigarette habit involves injections of lobeline, discussions of the psychology of smoking, and’ the use of sedatives, it was report- ed.—World Wide Medical News Service

BY THE WAY

here of the Swedish Physicians | Society. i The 10-day cure to break the;

: . - i

objecting to the length of t line overseer’s reports. “Don't make them so wordy”, he said. “Just put iown the dondition of the tracks as you find them. Leave ow everything that isn’t abso‘utely to the point. I wants business report, not a novel.”

few days later the line was bad, ly ' flooded, and ‘he

OBELISK Finding a stone the

> plowmen

(Gray limestone’ five feet long and one foot wide)

I took the time to set it on ifs end, ~ ae

If. any wish induced me to ex- pend .

The energy I think it was to fit

4 stone so shaped to use. I must admit ©

That I had no specific use if mind: ° 5

But orfte in place the birds were quick to find

A use and now they use it as & perch :

Halfway between the meadow and the birch ;

And maple in the hedgerow where they nest,

Landing there, wings outstretch- ed to come to rest,

Like the spread of an eagie on a flagpole crest. |

No obelisk was @ver better dres-

—James L. Montague In the Christian Science Monitor

AUTHORS WANTED BY N.Y. PUBLISHER

Leadjpz~ -book’=publisher seeks manuscripts~of all types: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, scholarly and religious works, etc. New auth- ors welcomed. Send free booklet CP-36 Vantage Press, 120 W. 31 St., New York 1.

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WE TREAT THE SICK WELL.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From The Guardian Files) .

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Jan. 17, 1934)

A motion authorizing the Elec- tric Light Company to set aside $5.000 as a reserve fund, was made last night at the regular meeting of the Summerside Town Council. A second motion was passed jo{enable the committee to purchase bonds with this $5,- 000 reserve fund.

Several trains were still run- ning behind their schedules yes- terday. The loop between Lake Verde and Vernon ‘was opened yesterday morning. The car ferry encountered heavy ice on the New Brunswick shore which delayed its arrival in Borde During the day it made-one ex- tra freight tmp

him in most of the children’s books describing the builders of the Canadian naiion.

‘Through this republication — of his famous ‘Journey.’ the great achievements more W idely known; and the reading of 41cm will bring very many Canadians as much interest as his words have breught me.

Book’ Review

That very readable Canadian writer, Farley Mowat, has pro- duced, another book, THE GREY SEAS UNDER (McClelland an d Stewart Lid.) which is just as entertaining his previous works, is filled with suspense and excitement, and has the added attraction of familiar locale for Atlantié ‘Province readers.

The book Was commissioned by the Foundation Company, parent of the firm which operates the Foundation tugs,.a fact which migat lead-the prospecijve read- er to expect a certain bias. On the contrary, Mr. Mowat, in his thrilling story of the li'etime of one ship, Foundation Franklin, has made no effort to conceal the company’s blunders, and par- titilarly in its early days. .there were some no*able errors along with the triumphs.

Almost without exception, the “eroes of the stery are men of ‘hese. seaside provinces, and nany Island readers will no doubt ‘ecall a number of saivage op- ‘rat.ons carried out in Jecal wat- ors and mentioned in whe book, ne of which took place ip Char- ‘ottetown Harbour.

as

The Age O!d Story

I have bictted out as a thick clgnd, thy transgressions, and as . Athy sins.

TEN YEARS AGO \ (Jan. 17, 1949)

The new $12,000 Murray Har-

| bour Memorial Rink was official. |

ly opened last night at a cere- mony attended by a large crowd. Brig. W. W. Reid. of the Depart- ment of Physical Fitness per- formed the ceremony and drop-

| ped the first \puck to send teams | from Montague and Murray Har- |

bour awav for the first game

A presentation of diplomas and Red Cross pins to nineteen stu- dents, who. recently completed the standard course in First Aid, was made on Friday evening in the Guide Room of St. Mary's Academy. Summerside. Mr. John E. Campbell, chairman, con- gratulated the instructor and the members of the class on the suc- cess of the course. :

SUFFOCATED TO DEATH

BEARDMORE, Ont., ‘CP’ — Raymond McLean. 41. formerly of Boom Road. N.B., was found suffocated: in his trailer home here Thursday. Firemen said Me- Lean apparently had been smok- ing and a mattress on which \he was lying became ignited. He had lived in this northwestern Ontario mining community for 10 years. : ;

FREED ON $100,000 BAIL VANCOUVER ‘CP'—Bail of $100,000, highest ever set by Brit- ish Columbia courts. was posted Thursday for the release of a Vancouver man held on narcotic charges. Bail for Steve Bohack was in the form of $75,000 in Dominion of Canada bonds and realestate from his brother, Andrew, and $25,000 in~real es-

tate from Caroline Vitanpza. Bo-J

hack is charged with conspiracy to traffic in narcotics and pos- session of narcotics,

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