'APRIIJ 27, 1953

THE GUARDIAN. CHARDOTTETOWN

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

DO NOT NEGLECT YOUR SCHOOL SYSTEM

neglect our school system a a crime against the fu- ch neglect could well be ous to all our free- t formidable de- are can can Do

T.) nould b ture. Su more dlsastr doms than the mos armed assault on our physical fences. Where our schools concerned. no external threat ptcusc negligence; no menace justify a halt to progress. .0” realize the significance not this quotation. Neglect of our schools is a crime against the fu- 'm,,., 3 crime more disastrous than the most formidable bom- birdment. a crime without excuse or justification. '

1n these days when a higher dggrec of knowledge and per- mnancc is expected from our tilizcns than ever before, it uoultl appear reasonable to as- sume that ii correspondingly high- ”. degree of training. profession- al competence and social skills

watering down requirements, we

IMPROVEMENT

anywhere where the standards of selection are high. .

We had and still have an acute teacher-shortage. How have we responded to the challenge? Sim- ply by diluting the standards. By

have sacrificed quality for quan- tity. Perhaps responsibility for the present teacher-shortage can be laid on the doorstep: of a negli- gent public, a public that has neglected to make a decision as to what standards are good enough for the training of its children. '

No good school can stand apart from the life of the community, for the two are woven together by human values and common in- terest. Citizens who want a good education for their children will work for it. They will demand and pay for professional leader- ship of high quality from people

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material has passed into the blood stream.

into the blood stream and is car-

place from which food can stream.

under which there are a great many small, tubes called capillaries. The walls are only one cell in thickness.

the small intestine can come in contact with the This extra surface is created by thousands of small, fingerlike pro-

event scribe the event,

IN EDUCATION

Food is of no use until it gets

ried through the body to the cells. The small intestine serves two purposes. It completes the digestion of food and provides a the digested

get into the blood The walls of the smal1 ntestlne have a. very thin lining

thin-walled blood

A great deal of the surface of

soluble food.

jsctions called villi. It is through these villi that some of the food leaves the small intestine and gets directly into the blood stream. There are many kinds of cells in the body, each doing cer- tain kinds of work. Muscle cells make up your muscles. nerve cells make up the brain and other parts of the nervous system, blood cells make up the blood. These cells contain the protoplasm. which is the living material of the body. The protoplasm takes in food and produces the chemicals the body needs. It also makes more protoplasm from the food to produce growth and to repair worn-out cells. Protoplasm takes in oxygen and gives off the waste

METHOD OF HANDLING EVENTS

The usual plan of studying an is to note its cause. de- and list its re-

material.

the attempt at a solution; (5) The success of the solution; and (6) The defects of the solution itself.

MARTINEZ-R10

On. the north coast of the Control Amorican Republic of Honduras. bordering the shores of the Caribbean sea. is an alluvial coastal plain known as the Sula Valley. Its breadth along the shore line is twelve to fifteen miles. From the sea. the plain extends inland for about fifty miles, coming at last to an end where the Ulva River emerges from the foothills of the moun- tainous interior.

This plain is the site of an experiment in the diversion of a river to build up fertile soil. Through the diversion of silt- laden waters, several feet ofinew. rich ground are laid down in a swamp. The swamp is drained, the silt is left behind. and the result is beautiful, fertile ground.

For centuries, the Uivs. River had wandered at will across the plain. During periods of heavy rainfall in the highlands, the Uiva was accustomed to dump- ing a huge flood of silt-larlen waters onto the valley floor. The larger and heavier particles of silt came to a halt near the river's banks, building enormous basins as the flood ebbed away. These basins became vast swamps, mak- ing the valley desolate from the upper to the lower reaches. In the course of time a series of swamps covered almost the en-

TINTO CANAL

w s to drain some of the sllted sections of the swarnpiands at the upper part of the valley. Then. by opening discharge can- als. large sections in the valley could be made ready for plant- ing.

The company's first drsgline excavating machine went to work in 1922 and after eight years of work, 75 miles of canals, some more than 100 feet wide. had been excavated: and 15,000 acres of alluvial silled swamps had been reclaimed and planted to bananas. Meanwhile, other dragiines were changing the course of the river. Starting at strategic bends in the river. they dug diversion canals, called boquerones. As each boque- ron silted up an area, the chan-

nel at the river bank was closed and replaced by a new one leading to waste swampland at a new location. The larger boquerons were capable of carrying 10,000 to 15,000 cubic feet of water per sec- onrl.

By 1943 the dragllnes had reach- ed the moat extensive swamp basins at the lower end of each side of the valley. The canals and boque- rons were now approaching the sea.

The basic prdblerh remained: how to dispose of the flood waters that. the Uiva spilled over its banks each year during the rainy season.

I i i

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pi'---"-'---'!.Du a' " Tu &? 7 5

I Tlieylre Marveifsl

PLAIN OR SALTED

sttoulrl be expected of their teach- who will constantlly be aleft to suns, A hen” method is E ,,g.A tire valley. The swamp vegeta- Wm W35 Iletlded W85 10 extend 815- . . the be” m C-urncu um and sac-P handle the event as the solution Touch but the heart of a child UDH Conslsied of Occasional the 13”5e- cemml diuhlwge "M15 1" 1"” pmlcsswns and .m um mg: may -will invest mo-my In. of a problem and to have the six and ages hence your fingermarks Chimps Of Scrubby brl-l5he5 01" completely mmngh me Valley ml nades WM” "We 3” "'3" 9"" 3”d b."”d'"3S 3”. equ'p'.”"e'"' following topics under which you will be found u on him still trees. but principally of low 9”" Side 0i ""3 mi” 3” "W Mil” 5la"d”ds "d where 3 high they Wm take part In the me of can discuss it: (1) Old condltionsi No man can flbrsee the future SWNHD Vi5C0y01 palms and gamc- W” m We 595- v i lie?" M achielvgmcnt H required the school .wi'Enever a.nd thaw. (2) Defects (giving rise to a prob: clearly But using knowledge 1019- ViSC0y01 is covered with But” the msl bani" M the 5”” In ill” 1””Pa”"”m peHmi.' there ever they M m" -Today: Cmzem lcm)' (3) Problem (to cure de- values, and good sense he can ”'0"l5- Gamelale is -'1 thickly on the gas” side of the Sula vaneyl are no shortages of qualified per- are stockholders in the commu- rec”-). (4) The event Hhat is Chaos; mm" the am; ahead matted. an swamp grass that was an impassable swamp, ll miiesi sonncl. There are no real short- nity schools. Where they. by ln- ' E P - can suuocate the inexperienced long and 6 1-2 miles wide. The ages in the medlcabnrofession due -telligcncc and undcrstanding.Tlca.n , intruder or U” the hands and wxter over the soft mud and mushy H, shortage of candidates. Nor are increase their own profits. eir WHLAT km with its sawyandyknueybalde swamp bottom in some places was

were any shortages of'candidates investment pays dividends in hu- edges. 10 met, deep, The engineers had for "linings in the high dent” man values. - M L l Wheat was found in the excava- Endosperm-lite ilourv inner Abwt 40 Yea” 119! banam t'o undf some way of opening 3 Secl "' '"3m"”nK pmfe”mns' There 7 . eel tion of the Lake Dwellers of portion of kernel Provides car- farming in the van” was cap ulllllllflcanal called I pilot canal, down seem to be lny shortages Switzerland. The first cultivation bohydrates or energy foods and Med D” "my "" the mrmw ;)0-cfoota!vcvldl:huldTbil:eenliiggdum ill l . , was supposed to have taken place proteins. strips. of higher land bordering plan for K bake soylarge malt) it l , KINTA vALLLi in Babylon; but Chinese legends Wheat germ-rich in natural ltgaedegvx; bzglgcc lnnarqszr lwciic had to be assembled on the ground It e e ' . I .- '1” lh l. 'h b ' ' f B ' ' t " l 5 an ' .- ' - as .. . E2221. ..:...i,::.. i" Wm " E .. .. .. .. 22.2:.:::i.s;.;'2::i::;"r..0:.'": x i ' I Supply of lm ls mine): ;n.Mala:;3' uDredngnlib,;:,,g,l;3ng":,(Esthglgelcc: The Egyptians were the first Fatty material-which is found wheel ."'''a”..""5 imparted "m" the dragline machines, aeqsufppgd E; ', -lbw” ha” of t S 83”" " V9 a ' who had drawn pictures of wheat throughout the kernel. A good ""5 oh” R"'"' with a 90-foot boom and ii. 1 1-'.'.- Tpg ' ,'I

come: from the Kinta Valley in the slate of Perak.

The long, crooked arm peninsula, which reaches down lroni Asia toward the islands of Indonesia, is covered with dense tropical forests. Snakes, tigers and elephants. brilliant birds and chat- iering monkeys haunt these green dz-plhs. But in the vslieys,therc are rich deposits of tin and some tungsten, gold, iron and lead, brought there by the age- long erosion of the mountains. The Kinta Valley, for instance, was once covered by fresh-water swamp forest. but much has risen cleared away to make mili- ing. possible.

It is not known when tin- mining was begun in Malaya. llowcver. as early as the ninth wentury A. D. Arab writers men-

of the

iioncd a place in the peninsula,

lsmous for tin. Chinese records of the early fifteenth century re: fer to the metal in the mountains of Malaya and tell that men were sent to mine it, Before the Poi-tugiiese conquered Malacca in 151! the Malays: used tin coins

ods used in the Kinta Valley. The dredges are operated by steam or electricity, much of the latter be- ing brought from a power station at the Chenderoh Dam on the Pcrak River.

The Pontoon of a dredge floats in a pond, or paddock covering about 4 acres. its buckets on an endless chain. draw up the ore- bearing gravel and mud from un- der the water. This chain of buckets rolls up and down a steel ladder, which is connected by pivots to the superstructure of the dredge.

As the work goes on the dredge moves slowly along in its artifici- ally formed pond. excavating the bottom and sides as it goes. Min- ing in this way is chiefly done by

of them Westerners.

The method most popular with the Chinese is gravel-pump min- ing. With powerful pumps. work- ed by steam, diesel or electricity. jets of water are shot out to cut and break down the tin-bearing ground. The broken-down ma- terial, in the form of liquid mud.

large and wealthy companies, most 3'

and Egypt was the wheat center at the time of Pharaoh. Wheat growing spread northward through Asia. Due to the primitive meth- ods of producing and the poor acreage, wheat raising became most common in those countries which had cheap labor.

Down through the years man has learned to make wheat pro- duction a less laborious and more profitable industry. in place of the flail, scythe. cradle, reaper. a combine is used. Now a few men do the work of many men.

The leading wheat countries

are: United States, Canada. Ar- gentine. Australia. Russia and India. Wheat is being harvested somewhere every month of the EIll'. Composition of wheat. Wheat is very high in food value and probably is justifiably placed first among cereals.

Bran-outer portion of kernel. It is rich in vitamin B. It pro- vides bulk. minerals, calcium. iron and phosphorus.

source of energy and proper util- ization of vitamins.

Wheat products-flour, break- fast cereals. wheat germ, noodles. spaghetti. and macaroni.

Flour-is made by separating the middlingsv-from the wheat bran and germ. Most flours are blends of hard and soft wiieat.

Breakfast cereals-are mostly flake. shredded. puffed or crumb.

Spaghetti and macaroni -- the secret in making and spaghetti is in selecting hard. tough wheat, and drying in the proper way. The original maca- roni was made in Japan. but the Italians perfected the drying pro- cess and thus have reaped the name of macaroni makers.

Cereal is a grass which pro- duces an edible grain. Corn is the only cereal which America can claim as her own. Cereals play in very important part in our daily diets. Cereal grains are especially high in carbohy- drates but include also: protein, fats, minerals. and vitamins.

good macaroni S

Ahead lay a great adventure in reclamation. The surveyors came, and for five years the possibilities of the valley were explored. .They found that the Ulva River was carrying enough silt each year to cover 25,000 acres with a foot of soil.

By 1920. it was possible to see what must be done. There were three main points. Enough drain- age canals must be built to the ca to accommodate the flood waters that the Ulva could not handle. The first thing to do

CA

The tollowiiig are among "the most common uses: 1-1. The nominative case is used for the subject of a verb. 2. The nominative case is used for the predicate nominative after linking verbs. such as was. were. has been, seemed. became, and the like. 3. The nominative case is used after being. seems to be. and sim-

ilar expressions.

cubic-yard bucket. With this ma- chine the pilot canal was finished in March 1951. This link between the drainage canal and the sea is called the Martinez-Rio Tinto Canal.

The huge reclamation project is not yet finished. but it has brought employment to thousands. Tl' acres of land brought into production have added to the world's supply of food. for the Sula Valley has become one of the world's greatest producers of bananas.

SES

II-1. The objective case is used for the direct object of a verb.

2. The objective case is also used for the object of a preposition.

.'i. The objective case is used for the subject of an infinitive.

4. The objective case is used for the noun or pronoun following an infinitive which has a subject in the objective case.

5. The objective case is used

x 4 Tm----n.-vT

ALWA Y5 ASK FOR

Mam

IN YOUR FAVOURITE VARIETY OF BISCUITS

Listen to "KNOW YOUR MARITIMES"

Monday through Friday On Station CJRW At. 9:55

- 10:00 A.M.

for the indirect object of a verb. actual possession. bl" ml III-The possessive form of I dicate the object o

noun should be used to indicate

rwj' Continued -row pant 11 fr-

ttoH-

f an action-

..A.....

lor money, is washed along channels in the --I For hundreds of years the mln- bottom of the mine to a sump, or ing was done chleflyl by the reservoir. Here a gravel pump

llfalsys themselves, but during the 19th century large numbers of Chinese miners began to come in and mining operations were great- ly expanded. 'By the beginning of tits twentieth century. Kinta Val- ley alone was producing some 13,- are tons a year, and ever since then it has been the most import- ant tin-producing area In Malaya. Today the 2Xi0,000 Chinese in the Kinia Valley out-number the Malays by about five to one. They live in Ipoh. Batu. Gajsh and other towns and villages near the mines, which are largely operat- nrl by Chinese and Western Com- DBMGB.

Many sbrupt limestone cliffs fin along the eastern side of the Kinta Valley. Scattered over the valley floor are great pits, where or: is being mined, and wide de- limits of the waste materials or railings. that are left after the

"Vlployment to only a few peo- ple compared with the number who work in the mines.

For centuries all of the mining was done by hand labour only, but the introduction of the steam "lllne and the centrifugal pump in the nineteenth century brought 'b0Ht great progress. Nowadays lillse. deep-digging dredges, elec- ""9Il equipment and high speed "lit-ngines are used and such Wicec so jigs, which agitate the "'9 In water to get rid of the

The Secretary ,of State for Uni- lod States is John Foster Dulles. 1,7?” 59'3l'!llPY of Defense for waited States is Charles E. Wil- uTgw. United States fleet in the ;"e iterranean is under the com-

and of Admiral Robert Carney.

”"0lIsh the walls of the digestive Ind enter the blood The first stop is chewing It mtiliclhup the food into smaller more rl rllich can be changed isl. Inu":'5' Into soluble mater- .,,him i. '9 "i5lIlh. most starch, "hinged b niioluble in water, is of sugar y T8 saliva into a kind -. Mod"; (VlVIIbr:h is soluble. Saliva ,. H" "5, my nix salivary glands of H" mi: -two under the tip hnck but 01:11:. two under the i..,,, "D m "ll: tensile. and two ""1 "do. cheeks, one on PM in mg ll." lou from the mouth omach through the eso-

Dh t'o;llCu.ln 1" the stomach. juices

st "WM zllllllzih "malls wt.-

ich contains important

excrete

CURRENT EVENTS

contact with the food. into simpler substances.

a through the small intestine. sutrlc juice. the time the food has traveled all on M chemi- the way

iv”. called pep- testlne. most of the digestible

lifts the mixture of sand. slime and water to a head of a flume. an inclined trough built on tall wooden treaties. The heads of these fiumes are often as high as 120 feet above the sump. As thei stream of sandy mud flows down the sloping flume. the heavy cassiterlte grains are trapped by stops or baffles.

Hydraulic mining is similar in; gravel mining. but in this case a1 dam is built in the bed of at stream. high enough to give the! needed volume and pressure ofi water at the mine level to sup- ply tho pumps. V

In some of the mines the tin-1 bearing ground is removed either! by hand or with mechanical CXCIl'I vatlons. Then it is loaded into. trucks and hauled along ramps to the surface of the earth. '

Some thousands of the women who live in the Kinta Valley arlsl

ore is gradually separated from the other materials. -

In 1910 Malaya produced abnu' 45,000 tons of tin a year. the Chinese companies putting out TS per cent and the Western coni- panles 22 per cent. By 1940. pro- duction had risen to 81,000 tons and percentages had changed to as for the Chinese and 64 for! the Western interests. Slncei World War II. the output or linl has not reached the level of 19-fill

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(Books of Knowledge).

Vice Admiral Earl Mountbatten is the British Commander of naval forces in the Medlterranean.'

The President of Israel is Dr.4 Itzhak Ben-Zol. I

Dr. Selman Abraham Waksmant received the Nobel Prize in mcdi-I cine for 1952.

THE DIGESTION OF FOOD

further softens and helps in oth-i er ways to change it. After thc: food has been acted upon by the juices la the stomach. it becomes more liquid and is gradually push- ed lnto the small intestine.

In the small intestine, there are, three glandular juices-the in-

testlnsl juice. given off by glands! in the walls of the small lntcs-I liver;

the

tine itself; bits from tho and pancreatic juice from pancreas.

The intestinal and pancreatic juices convert any remaining starch to sugar. which is soluble. Tliey also break up the proteins still further into amino acids. which can be absorbed into the blood stream. In combination with

bile, these juices break down Isis l

By

through the small in-

red ”-d with othe- -rc!

potato

THERE IS NLY ONE DITHANE

the organic fungicide that increased

I yields

even in the blight year of 1950 . . .

r materials.

y If you are it DITHANE user, you know what it can do for you. If not, your neiglitors can tell you how DITHANE safeguarded their

tato ylelds- Vow DITHANE-treated plots consistently out-yielded those The average increase wasy49 bushels per

It's important that you know

these csiablislit-ll facts about

r-assiterite (tin-bearing ore) has to their family incomes by hant' ,

been recovered. In some parts panning tin ore. Tin-bearin" crops in the worst blight year that ever struck Prince Edward Island. DITHANE-for similar claims are now made for fungicides which have of the valley there are rubber earth and water are mixed in v . y . i