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llernlng Daily (Ianulld in m1) Olllorlard na Iorautl Claen lnlL Pant Offloa Department, Ottawa. The lnlluri Guardian Publishing CO. lliiar natl laungiug Illrnetar, J. ls. Baruch. Aeeoointe Edltror. Ireui Wnller.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink." "

THURSDAY, FEB. 3, 1949

CHARLOTTETOWN.

Wood islands Ferry Requirements

As will be noted in today's news columns, the Charlottetown Board of Trade has come out strongly in support of the request that immediate attention be given to the Wood lslands- Caribou ferry service, so that the necessary improvements can be undertaken without further delay. The requirements include a larger and more suitable boat to replace the Prince Nova, improved dock- ing facilities, maintenance of the channels at the necessary width and depth, installation of suitable aids to navigation, establishment of

_restaurant and restroom facilities on the Wood Islands side, and an immediate improvement in sanitary and other conditions at the Wood Islands pier. In addition, there is need for the construction of a special boat, or even two such boats, to operate, while weather conditions per- mit, between Georgetown and Pictou after ‘the Wood islands-Caribou route is closed.

In the brief presented by the operating com- pany to the Board, financial and other difficult- ies are reviewed frankly and in detail, showing clearly that the onus is on ‘the Dominion Gov- ernment for more adequate assistance in the operation of this increasingly important service. With recent boosts in railway freight and express charges, the truck traffic which the Wood Islands service could and should accommodate is of great importance to our farmers and shippers. Improved accommodation on this route is also essential to our tourist trade.

It is to be hoped that the Charlottetown Trade Board resolution will be followed up by similar requests from oar other Island Boards and from the Maritime Board of Trade, this be- ing a service which can legitimately claim to be of Maritime importance, second only ta our rail- way ferry communication at Borden.

ilog Marketing Problem

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The ups and downs of our export trade in ihog products is the subject of an informative or- ticle in the current Canadian Livestock Products Newsletter. In any discussion of this subject, it is stated, the fact that Canada has a hog indus-

Ytry because over any period of years it is pro- gfitoble to feed grain to hogs, should be set down as the basic premise, Furthermore, (excepting under war conditions and the economic disturb- ances following) the production of hogs is not only the most profitable way but to a consider- able extent the only way of disposing of our not- ural surplus of groin production.

~The world's granaries are not yet back to fullness but we are within sight of the time when there will not be an urgent call for Canada's surplus of grains. We will have to face again the problem of disposing of the surplus. Exper- ience indicates that one important and profit- able way is through hog production.

It is evident from the comparison of hogs ex- ported and hogs marketed that export has fluc- tuated much more than production. Many fact- ors have entered into this. After the first war Britain remained the only open market because of the intense and ingrowing nationalism of near- ly every other country. Any country that could possibly do so took to exporting bacon to Brit- ain. Bacon pgices went down and down. On the other hand, conditions in North America became comparatively good and our domestic market and export to the U. S. (particularly live hogs) absorbed more and more of our hog production. Then, after the debacle of 1929-31, Britain lim- ited by quota her imports from European coun- tries and the United States. Canada also come under the quota system but until the war broke in i939 had not reached the quota limit. This was largely due to the long period of drouth in Western Canada. When crops came back in the West hog production began to gain rapidly and even if war had not come we would, by i940, almost certainly have had a surplus over our quota of 280,000,000 pounds. Feeding grain to hogs was the most profitable way of disposing of it.

War conditions in the '40's demonstrated Canada's capacity to produce hog products. Dur- ing the war sale by‘ government to government was instituted. Also, under -the stress of interna- tional emergency, if purchasing governments were unable to pay for the product the selling governments supplied the money. This, for the time being, has been a sort of seventh heaven of Utopian stability. Since the war’s end Britain's economic distress has had some- untoward ef- fect on our hog production. The result hos been ‘that with an increasing population in Canada and the return to normal domestic trading there has not been enough surplus to supply Britain with the bacon that was wanted from Canada. However, since the war the real strength of the markets for livestock products has been in North America and although recession from the high peaks is to be expepted this continent will re-

'main at the top of world figures.

The hog marketing figures, except for the war bulge, indicate over the years a "fairly stable production and a gradually growing volume. The net export position, however; varies greatly. It is evident that the backbone of our hog pro- duction hos been the domestic market. Almost certainly in the future the home market will be of even more importance.

The above comments apply to the hog mar- keting situation in general. Elsewhere in today's issue appears a Canadian Press feature story on the unique success achieved by our island swine breeders and onrthe reputation enjoyed by ls- lond Yorkshires among western Canadian and

American breeders. It remains now for our Island formers to take fuller advantage of our superior breeding stock, and to extend the marketing op- portunities for our registered swine in the neigh- boring Maritime Provinces.

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The St. Laurent Government has confirmed the announcement made public sometime ago that the new Federal office building will be lo- cated at Queen and adjacent streets, and that expropriation proceedings are under way.

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. Nova Scotio new; to the effect that the Fed- eral election may be in October, preceded by a Nova Scotio Provincial election in October, may have some truth in it. Since Confederation there have been six Fall elections, five in Summer, and four each in Spring and,Winter.

The YMCA. is off to a fresh start in its magnificent new premises, well staffed with competent help in its various departments. When the grounds and surroundings are laid, the "Y" should be one of the attractions of the City.

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The revision of the Criminal Code now being undertaken i; the first since the code was adopt- ed. Previously, particular sections have under- gone revision but a general revision and consoli- dotion was long overdue.

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Earlier fears that Britain and the United States would not be able to maintain the Ber- lin air-lift through the winter months are proving groundless. In fact, January was a record month for amount of cargo carried into the former

German capitol.

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The release of the United States dragger Araho which was arrested for fishing within the three-mile limit was a proper gesture ta a friend- ly nation and people. The infringement was caus- ed by a faulty navigational instrument and to have imposed the penalties of the low would have served no real purpose.

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The Toronto Globe and Mail notes that Newfoundland is already experiencing some of the disadvantages involved in Confederation. A shoe factory has laid off 65 employees in antici- pation of Canadian competition in their erst- while protected market and other local indus- tries anticipate hard times when the 45 to 65 per cent tariffs come off.

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A correspondent of the Ottawa Journal writes that plans for a new government Print- ing Bureau at Carleton call for a three storey building, more than 600 feet long, and more than 300 feet wide — equivalent to about two large city blocks. Government printing has be- come big business indeed, and it is not surpris- ing that Ottawa objects to any proposal to move the plant out of ‘the city. l’ I

Britain's Royal Navy has just recovered from Malta Grand Harbour a large floating dock sunk there by enemy bombers in I940. The dock was 960 feet long, I80 in breadth and 70 in depth. Its recovery presented experts with a un- usually difficult problem due to strain caused by bomb damage and weakness from eight years’ corrosion by seawater. The entire dock hos now been towed away for breaking up. lt will pro- vide some 27,000 tons of scrap metal.

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Egg prices on January 28 this year and previous years. The prices quoted below are for Grade A Large. At Montreal and Toronto the prices are those at which graded shipments are selling to wholesalers. At other points quotations are prices to shippers for ungraded eggs.

I949 I948 I947 Montreal .. . . . . 44l/i-d5 45I/z-4B 35% Toronto . . . . . 43 43 37-33 Winnipeg .. . . ., 37 38 37-33 \v'ancouver .. . . 38 36l/z 3i Edmonton ..... 36 37 30 Regina ....... 37 37 32 Charlottetown 36-37 37V: 30

The invention of an eighteen-year-old York- shire boy, Raymond Hutton, is saving time and labour in the manufacture of alarm clocks in a North England factory. Recently, the factory developed a machine for winding alarm clock springs to replace manual winding. Hutton pro- duced a drawing illustrating his idea for an even better winder. He was encouraged to go ahead and make his machine. When he did so, certain features of it were found to be improvements on the original winder. Now his machine is winding alarm clock springs twice as fast as when they were hand wound — an important consideration in this factory where thousands of alarm clocks are made for home and export weekly. . i

Thomas Woodrow Wilson, 28th. President of .the United States, died this date I924. Was professor of jurisprudence and politics at Prince- ton University in I902 when he was elected the first non-clerical president of the University. In I910 he was elected Governor of New Jersey, and in I9I2-elected President of the United States. When war with Germany broke out in I914 he proclaimed U. S. neutrality, and kept his country out of the conflict until he was re- elected President in I9I6, and in address to Con- gress, he stoted the war was likely to end in a stalemate, which aroused a storm of protest both in the United States and abroad. The upshot was that relations between United States and Germany were broken off on Feb. 3, I9I7, and Wilson fiund himself in the midst of war pra- parations, with the result that in the summer of I9l8 America was able to supply the men urgently needed on the ‘battlefields of Europe. Ho took ag active part in the Peace Conference, and supported the foundations of the League of Notions, but Congress refused to back him and remained outside. This discouraged and disap-

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pointed him, with the result he fell into bad health, from which be never recovered.

nesnor Mooerm r iF HE'S rro a: seen AND nor usage.

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Research In Scotland (United Kingdom Information

Office) g About e year ago. t.he British Government decided that. the new research station for mechanical engineering, road-making, building. and fuel research should be located in Scotland. beside the little town of East Kllbride, In Lunatics-hire. which had a few months earlier been designated as t.he site of one of the country's New Towns. Not that Scotland did not already have research stations; t.he heavy in- dustries like steel, shipbuilding, and coal have all had their own scientific staffs working to im- prove standards of production as well as quality. There have been in operation. too, the fishing re- search station at. Aberdeen, and the marine biological station on the Clyde, as well as agricultural stations sponsored by t.he Depart.- ment of Agriculture for Scotland, and others under certain trades and commercial bodies. The latest meeting of t.he Scottish Economic Conference, presided over by Mr. Arthur Woodburn. was devoted entirely to a discussion of this subject of research in Scotland. and on this account. Mr. Herbert Morrison, MP. Lord President of the Council, and n member of the Government. went north to address the Conference as he ls the Minister in charge of the De- partment of Scientific. and In- dustrlal Research. With him went Sir Edward Appleton, one of Britain‘: most noted scientists. who is in charge of the Depart- ment, and who has just been ep- polnted Principal of Edinburgh University. Pointing to t.he fact that Scot- land, in proportion to her popul- etlon. turned out. twice t.he number of engineers and half as many science graduates as the United Kingdom, Mr. Morrison said such numbers could not. all he employed in Scotland: t.he proportion of these exports employed in research was. in fact, only one-fifth o! what. it ought to be. Research and tech- nlcal development. were t.he key ta Scotland's future economic prosperity, and while the Govern- ment was prepared to help - as witness the new station at East Kiibrlde -- the Scots must "help themselves. This they are doing. aided by that energetic and for- word-looklng institution, t.he Scot- fish Council (Development and Industry).

One of the liems that. appears on occasions on t.he Scottish menu and is liable to cause some spec- ulation among the inhabitants of less favoured nations ls "black pudding." What are its origins? Of whet does it. consist? Without. specifying it by name. e hint. wen dropped by is distinguished Scot. Dr. Russell Grelg. Director of t.he Animal Dlsbnses Research Associ- ation in the course of a St. And- rew's Day address. Speaking of

century. he observed, “The famlsh- ed cutie had another hardship im- posed upon them; they were re- peatedly bled and the blood mixed with human food." People, he add- ed. apparently developed e taste for this dish and it. was used even in times of comparative plenty. After this, it will eome es no aur- prise to citizens of more civilized countries to learn that. two hundred years ago Scots also indulged in slugs and snails. ‘Ihesehhowever. do not grace t.he table of time modern Scot.

Dr. Cirelg turned beck t.he page! of Scotland's history to indicate the striking progress of agricul- ture in the country, and m; “n. rflbution it has mode to the world. In the early seventeen hundreds. he eeid. the lend lay completely nenclosed except around the domestics of the nobility and gent- ry. Not a. dyke. not e fence, not e hedge. And over extensive nreee of the couutrymot a t-ree as fer es the eye could reeoh. There wee some truth in Dr. Johnson's pond- erous remark that “e tree in Soot-

lsndlsnsrereu a horse in Venice." The food of t.he people

Scottish country life in the 17th,

consisted almost. entirely of oats and bere, n poor sort. of barley. There was also some peace. and green keil from the yard, for al- most no other kind of vegetable was known to the common folk Animal flesh was almost entirely unused by the great. mass of t.he people. unless a cow or sheep was found deed of disease or hunger. As late of 1780 there were many smell towns in Scotland without a single butcher's shop.‘ O O O

In summer, the cattle were sent to starve on henthiand; in winter the stock. including the sheep were housed in matched hovels. It was firmly believed that. even sheep must be kept under cover lf they were to live. A mere eccl- dent is said to have dispelled this illusion in the north. A Perth- shlre Ialrd who had fallen on ill times and become an lnkeeper, let his sheep run an the hlll as he had no winter keep for them. When spring came it was found. to t.he general amazement, that they were in better fettle (condition) than those that had been handled in houses. The Black Cattle were t.he staple of the stock, and the milch cows were t.he objects of special care. To guard against the evil» eye, n charm would be said over them every morning, and t.he cross- bar of t.he milking shackle was mode of witch elm or rowan as a precaution against witches.

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The introduction in 1710 of t.he wirrnowlng machine by James Meikle of Saltoun. East. Lothian, caused some hénrtburnlng. Accord- ing to the Scriptures "the wind bloweth when it. llsteth and thou hearest the sound thereof but eanst not. tell whence it. cometh and whither it goeth." But one heard the sound of t.he wind in the wlnnowlng machine, and knew where it come from and where it was going. The machine came to stay, however, for, said Dr. Grelg "We Scots are a devout folk. but we are also o. practical folk, and we can make our conscience fit our convenience);

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The potato was rarely grown ln Scotland, even in the kailyards of the people, before 1135. In 1741 turnips were sown in Roxburgh by Dr. Rutherford. The people of Mel- raae "gathered ln crowds to watch the doctor's man casting the queer seed ln t.he wake of t.he plough. while another man behind dragged n whin bush to cover t.he seeds with the earth." The people with silent though devout. fervor implor- ed t.he blessing of Providence on the experiment. The use of turnips pro- duced spectacular results. A local minister remarked that two bul- lock: fed on the first. crop grown In t.he country grew no big that the people regarded them an "mon- stern." end would have none of them. The turnip revolutionized cattle feeding and breeding. By providing ample winter keep, it permitted the breeder, for t.he-first time, to select his stock animals, and ihue begin to build up t.he mallliffcent herds of today.

In the nineteenth century, t.he Scottish genius for engineering and mechanization came into play. Today. British agriculture is amount bbe mast highly mechan- laed in the world. Four of the hornet-fag machines invented by Patrick Bell in t.he 1820's were sent to America. and in t.he inter- national Exhibition of 1&1 Ameri- can reaping machines were exhibit- ed. While many other advances were suede by men other than Boolemen, leid Dr. Grelg, it. wu well to remember t.he debt. owed to Patrick Bell, who later become e minister of the Scottish Kirk; end good. too. to think that forty yeereefter his invention he wen presented with the sum of one thousand pounds subscribed by Scottish farmers in recognition of his services.

IAII DIIJVIIY

The express system in the United‘ Staten for rapid and safe flellvery

of um goods and parcels wee ere- gtetl in 1B3. K

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PUBLIC FORUM

This ooluunu in open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of interest. The Guardian does uot ueceeur- ily ’ the Olllhiall of correspondents.

INFORMATION, PLEASE!

Sun-Judging from t.he publish- ed accounts, the annual meeting of t.he YM.C.A_ was a very inter- esting one, and t.he reports seem to indicate that. the new building ls going to till a long felt. need for a Christian recreation center, for t.he youth as well as the ad- ults of our community. However there was a noticeable lack of mention of t.he financial aspect of t.he project. For instance, what is the total cost of the building to date? What. ls t.he cost expect- ed to be when the building is finally completed and furnished? How much has been actually rais- ed in cosh and pledges? What is the amount. of t.he unpaid balance orwing to contractors and furnish- ers? How do t.he directors pro- pose to liquidate the debt?

These are pertinent questlonses the Y_M.C.A. is n. community pro- ject, to which hundreds of citiz- ens in all walks of life have eon- trlbuted, and to use the vernac- ular, they WOliId IIKQ l0 KNOW "what t.he scare ls".

»1 em, Sir, etc, " pron."

100% Old Charlottetown (Ana P. I. L)

COLONIAL ELECTIONS

Voting in colonial days in this Island was a \'ery,eumbersome af- fair, es is indicated by the legisla- tion parsed in 1830 for the better regulation ofelections. It was pro- vided that for Queen's County, the poll, after due proclamation, "shall be first opened at. Charlottetown. where the returning officer is hereby empowered and required to take t.he votes of all persons duly qualified, who shall appear and offer their votes, for the space of Three Days-and from thence shall