FOfARims,

a

FUR FARMING and 11s ACTTVITTES

IATING SIAION

the middle of January of April, although a few ,1, place after April. it ya advisable at this time to unnecessary work about the nor allow any unusual dis- ce as many foxes are rather srvous during the breed-

g§§E§§%§§§§

The routine work should be done is usual and Rllllarlty in cars and leading is important. Unless it, has teen the custom to open the breed- n: houaea eachday, it is better not

molest them, so that the female o: will have a quiet, secluded place b rest in. Watch for matings as fully as possible, so that the de- flrns ior the pupa to be born

l1 be known.

Breeding at this time is impor- lant. If the breeding fora have a rather reduced diet for few weeks it is usually a lan to begin to gradually in- the food at this time. If hav been getting only one a day try offering a second meal oi bread, cereal, corn-

s:

silwliedto foxsabyfsediirgfreshraw liver-and hnyolkaffresheggs. Ibur-orfivsounceaofliveronce aweekorarawegg as

twice above will supply iihis ant element. (ms -ha1f

disorders pre- vailed and infectious diseases were glib contacted.

Apple Spray Effects

Ilalta ofths study ofatorage mmfllof llbhitoah,

ngarumiont of the fruit. Applu of low armr content are not as

llfilllbhirl‘ y tendtodflflfll thsanproongrirarsomevarietim

destiny of the litter.

ters. rickets and 80"!“-

such difficulties.

and that phombornus is

by the case" Broadly

gated

Wide

This unusual demand for mineral must be met, ior it contmb the A lack of mineral in the vixen often meaiu thin, short-haired DUN. small lit-

Ifiiilthsr-

more, chemical science has discov- cred that melt, which is a protein food is the Principal cause oi acid formation which in turn b directly reairomibls ior tlnsod will. worms. indiystion, colds , dinem, milk and breeding troubles. Suffi- cient mineral in the food will neu- tralize this acid, thereby avoiding

Iiyouhavsreadmyarticls on fur farming in The Guardian of March 3rd you will note that cal- cium is found in milk, cheese, eggs. bone, molasses, turnip and lettuce,

obtained from the nucllens which are found in the nuclels of both animal vegetable cells. It is present in bone, fish and in the Whrlt Wm-

DISTEMPIB AND INFLUENZA

lib: Farming has many hazarfl and the alert and thflbflht‘ul ran- cher must be prepared at all times to meet them as occasion requires.

Generally speaking the great ha- zard of bx farming is rcDNwnl-QQ general term “epidemic dis- , speaking it may be said that the occasional spldemiu oocuring upon fox farms may he termed fox distem and influenza. Althoum scienclflc research done a great deal in recent yearn to control diseases, much uncer- tainty still clouds the remedies sug- It is doubtful if the ck- act nabure_of these diseases la M known and for this reason when

Ofcourasitisnotalnyapoasi- bletospresdfoxpensoutaoasto isolate any particular group, and inthiswaypreeludedliecttram

BYMPIDMB All VABIED variations attcided

purulent discharge from the eyes and the nose. (Continued on Page i2)

A ,Veal Marketing Opportunity

add

and

lrs

Iissntlnwe reamed alatier lllfli-ihl

of doep sea-bed contusions, caused by violently in contact with

such

civilised cohrtry. A vicious kick, or a merciless rap a.i a. sleigh stake, iron bar cr other c l may evoke a grunt of action from wieldsr, but it h mighty hard onthe recipient, be it hos. cow. calf. hen or other arilmalsrid it is oostingthe farmer of Canada millionsof dollars every year. A A hog at marketing age is still very tender and easily injured and when subjected to abusive treatment at timsof shipment isaure to carry evidence of such treatment to the plokill‘ house rail Ira-Ito , in many cases, have to be removed and thus the entin part of the mrcasseffected haatego roan inferiortradeata much lower price. The packer can- not continua to bear this loq

Bruised and Injured Hogs

andmmtmake

indsflnwoly, allowance for such lmsea when

but ing that definite steps must betoken to correct it. Several shipping points are, even now, singled out as being rather prominent as the home town of vlralators of this "code of honor” and it is quite probable that if 1...... vements is not noted. a lower price will be quoted for their hos! than may be offered elsewhere.

we&ly hog loadings to issue a “Certificate of Condition“ of cars upon arrival, and also with respect to evidence of injury as indicated on the rail. In this way it can be determined which shipping points are chief offenders. It may benecessarytoeventagthe hogsat loading-point so that respons

lbillty an be traced u, the iridi- vidualshipper. This loss sustained

. from hog bruising and inlury is

a serious matter from our economical point of view alone. but it should not be difficult tocorrect t1 reqlures but a bit cf common sense and self-control on the part

the of these towhom hog! are en-

trusted throughout the route of mnrketfng and distribution. This means from the "hog pen to the rail"--the farmer, the shipper. the train hand and those engagédin un at points of delivery. ‘This last journey must be made safe for our livestock or we must pay the price. which shall it be?

The co-cpemtion of every farmer is sincerely solicited in our efforts to erase this stiems from o" npumupn u producers of high class livestock.

—class livestock-LIVE $100K KJARD.

(‘GUM

BTIAWBIIIJII

__._ Strawberry plants will not thrive on ground which is covered with water for any length of time during early spring or late winter, Land that has been in sod for e. number of years is likely w be infested with white grulm and should not be used for strawberries until a few tilled crops have been grown on it. Soil known to contain much couch grass or othr persistent weeds should also be avoided.

Strawberries do well on a variety of soils, but a rich, moderately light loam is preferred. A heavy applic- ation of manure should be worked in at planting time. In addition, air application of nitrate of soda is Sen- tember at the rate of 200 to 300 pounds per acre is generally attend- cd with good results.

Strawberries may be planted in spring or fall, but as a rule spring planting has given the best results. Strawberries may be planted in spring or fall, but as a rule spring planting has given the Les’, results. Before planting the ground should be thoroughly harrowed and rolled. Use only strong, healthy plants. Set the plants in rows three to three and a half feet apart, and eighteen inches apart 1n the rows, care being taken that the crowns be set lcvel with the surface of the soil. Planting is done preferably on a cloudy flay. and the yoiuig plants should not be allowed to become dry at any time. After planting, give the planta- tion a thorough cultivation with a fine-tooth cultivator. Continue culti- vatlon at frequent intervals through- out the season.

The blossoms should be kept pick- ed oil. the first season. A few trips through the patch to place r‘ nners properly should also be made. "thor- ough cultivation, weeding and st- tentlon to runners constitute the seasons care.

After the ground ls well fronen in

Cultivation of Small Fruits

fall, apply a covering of straw, a light coat that will not lie heavily is sufficient. This covering should be removed in early spring, after tlre severe frmta are over. After the ground has been cultivated the straw should be replaced between the rows. This mulch keeps the fruit clean, and helps conserve moisture. As soon as the fruit. has been picked, the straw should be removed alto- gether and the patch thoroughly weedcd and the soil loosened up. Varieties . ommeircled: Senator Dunlap. For trial; Lavinia. Valeria. Portia.

Insects. The strawberry weevil is the moat serious pest attacking strawberries in this province. Ull- forturiately the dusts and mmys recommended in other districts have not given the desired control. 1t is recommended that every four years the plantation be moved to fresh ground at least 400 yards from tire old location. This new ground should not be near other sources of contamination, such as neighbour- ing plantations, and should no: have produced a crop of strawberries for at least four or five years.

Pure Food Guarantee

Pbr years Canadian meat products uavs an enviable place in the markers of Great Britain, in the others countries of Europe, and, indeed. in all oountnes of the world. in ozfler to maintain these (lariadla high standards. the Dominion Government established arr inspection service, mainly through the Ixpartment of Agriculture, consisting of a staff of veterinary inspectors specially trained house products. The govemmeirt stamp "Canada App- roved" is the guarantee of pure food

Try a new one c! the many differ- ent typq of sweet corn.

Science Improves Sweet Corn

Science liasentsrsdplant breed- ing, which for centuries has been carried onbymore or lcaslrapasard methods: and the flit commercially important success by true scientific methods has been attained in the sweet corn family.

Here carried on accord- ing to the understanding of MesidiYs hwhalfalnenanewtaoi. and one which may have revolut icnary effect on seed growing and sven upon planned breeding in the animals

stains oftbe greatest

desired to combine in the cifsprinl. The result or tlm cross is a hy- biruimirieh wiH produce not only

of qua-lit? remain 1n [odd Omditbll longer season.

But to maintain this quality. instead or sowing the seed of the second generatlonhtlhe aeedtflrlgg’ must again grow 0 DIR" ~ cron them. and produce a first generation hybrid. ‘I110 WOPK 01 seed production mus becomes highly gpecialllfid. Vi“! WEN. WP“

“ ‘ for lleedllfl

r this praotl may s01 . B hi’ W will. in: smuggle-at families is undelte -

“A” Amdiscirsaion of this mgflwd might be tedious. but it is my to understand the general idea. In the poultry world, some grown‘! have perferred to rl-iflo WW9" from parents of different brecdl. “they than purebred ltbiifillim‘ m; that such smprlns were W" vigorous. The off sin-ins of Will'- birds, however. are montrtla. Ind not. of ’ r ‘ "

assmato be truoof second crumb- ion sweat oorn aead oflhyfifid l in.

grams breeding u. iihe but he!

flute d, but higher average r ymand art, and which for a

Through Poultry

statistics show that the aver-age Canadian hen laid 122 eggs in 193i. Experimental Farm figures say that it taku an average of 05 pounds of grain to produce 112 eggs per hen. One hundred and twelve eggs at l0 cents per dozen givesa total revenue from each hen of If! cents. This given a gross income per 100 pounds of feed of $1.43, ora return per bushrl of 89 cent-abs cents, and 55 cents for wheat, barley, and oats in the order named. The average price for these three grains in 1932 were 31 cents for wheat, 20 cents for barley, and 19

Kingdom. Corn breeder cents for oats. The sale of grain have formd by exhaustive test that through the average hen, therefore, vlgorand represents an increase over ‘the b13115; quality are produced, first actual amount received for the grain by inbreeding to establish parent when sold for 58 cents for wheat 88 types, of fixed characteristics, and than by cnming two parent types, oats. This is for the average laying each popemlng merits which it is hen. The heavy layers pay s. higher

price for their feed.

Small Fruits Outlet

A comparatively recent innov- ation. which may be expected to reach quite large Dmiiflrtbns, 1s the merchandising of fresh-frozen strawberries. The added coat of freezing and storage is very moderate. Distribution with the urorning milk. or otherwise, once established, says “The Agricultural Situation" doubtless will develop a very substantial demand for this superb fruit. Processing of straw- berrriea for storage, and domestic or export. disposal for canning. Jam- making and freezing, already has attained quite large proportions. This method affords the growers an from crop and weather abnormalities as well as affording the manufacturers their supplies for year-round operation.

Handy Garden Insecticide Pyrethnim, which poisons sucking

insects, is obtained in the f0i'm of a pelebrown to yellowish powclcr and

Meat Curing Materials

The principal insredient of all who“! for cur-n: melts is lalt says the Dominion Department of Agriculture. Meats can be successfully currd with 5a,]; mm but not without it. Saltpetre constitutes a part of most mixtures for curing meats. The specific effects cf saltpetre are to extract the blood quickly: to impart a bright red colour to the lean meat; to give firmness to the meat, and to neutralize unpleasant flavours. A too liberal allowance of aaltpetre makes the meat dry arid hard. Sugar. particularly when applied in conjunction with heat. has strong preservative powers; when applied cold. it is used toaecure a desired flavour. Pepper is used by many in curing meats, but it is employed more to secure a particular flavour than for its preserving properties. Smoke has preserving properties. but like sugar" and refiner itis employed chiefly w secure s desired flavour.

Wheat Feed For Livestock

As long as a wheat surplus persists in Canada, Farmers should consider the possibilities of marking lower grades of wheat through the medium of livestock. Widespread drough during recent years hoe indicated the advantage of ma n- talning a reserve of feed grains and fodder on the farm. In view of an existing surplus of wheat, a portion of the land normally sown to wheat might. accordlng to "the Agricultural Situation" issued by the Dommon Department of Agriculture, advantageously be used in the production of needed and reserve feed supplies where con dltlons are suitable.

Sheep Raising Opportunity

Defrosting Frozen Fruit’

With regard to the successful production by the Central Exper- imental Fbi-rm of frozen strawbPrrirs on sale in Ottawa last season, the manner of thawing before serving at table is of great importance. According to the knowledge gainvd by the Dominion Horticultural Dlvlson in these experiments, the product after freezing must be kt-pt frown until about ready for use. Fruits defrosted at 32 dcGN-res F. retained their colour, aroma, and firmnea much better than those defrosted gt room temperature. If defrosted completely at room temperature, about flvl: hours is rc- qulmd mg 1n a very short time the product darkens and takes on a. slightly cooked flavour, but even In this condition it is for suocrwr to the best canned product obtainable. When defrosted over a longer period at 32 l". the colour remains and tlrc flavour is quite equal t0 {hill- 0i 11-511 mus. At, room temperature, this some result can be obtained by eating the product before it 1s fully defrosted. In this case the product 15 pennltted to thaw only for about 11121101111. Raspberries appear t0 stand the freezing 110W‘! "w" strawberries, as less care lfl thawinll or after handling 8999B" “Win-W'-

CONTROLLING SMIJT DIS- EASES OF GRAIN

(Experimental Farms Note)

The particular ciremical m use {qr trggting secd grain depend en- tirely upon the smut drsrasc wughl- to control. For instance. the ircat- mcnt employed for combating: loose ssnut of wheat is not the same (Li that, used ior stinking smut or bunt. Similarly, what docs ior c0- vered smut of barley is not effor- tive for loose smut of barley. The reason for this 1S simply lllill the loose smuts are m fled hv .1 fungus which lives in urn flu- winter inside .of the grains and can be dutroyed only by the hul- water treatment. Orr the uillfl‘ hand the spores of wheat bunt and (~0-

TCK BREEDER AND GARD

- .1.» flilm I e; -

"g1 P

NEWS Yd

I-‘LODDBN FIELD (l)

King James was greatly beloved b)‘ the Swttish people, and they could scarcely believe he had fal- lw: in fact, sQl/Cffli rourariuc stor- WS sot abroad that tire King had escaped from the frelu, and cross- ing lhv ‘Fiscal in the Lwliglrl with lulll’ llblbrlllvlll, was on hi5 way to the licly Land to pray for [I113 wup; of iris slaughtered people. Pitscottie (says Si.‘ Walter Scott) founds his belief in this story 0n the fair. that the Eirglislr ncrcr had Jung-gs iron belt to show to any Scottish- {I133}. Tm allusion to ims belt .e. calls the rcbvllion aminst 1115 f“- ihc-r, James III, m, i488. The young pTlIlCC had Joined his fathers ene- llllQS, and "when the Kurg saw m. uwn banner displayed against huri

. . he lost the little couragc he had ever pin-cussed", fled from the field, fr)‘. from his izurso as it start- ed at a, woman and a water pitcher, and was slain.“ After the battle the pfllltf‘ lKlOW James IV) was seized with deep remorse, and for pcnnnm wore an iron belt to tire weight of which he "added certan ounces every year that he lived." Our his- torians agree, with Scott, that James would not wear such an en- cumbcring device on the day of the battle. The unfortunate monarchs sword and dagger are still preserved in the Heralds College in London. A rough prehistoric monolith has come to be called the King's Stone, and among the riistics is said to have been placed by Surrey on the spot where James fell: it was how- cver a “border gathering stone" long before the fatal Field of Fiod- den.

Such was the outcome of the last great battle between the two na- tlons; but not until the union s: the crowns did the border warfare cease. On yet another occasion the Scots were to have good reason for remembering Branxtcn. In 1521 a party of 500 Scots made s. sudden raid into Glendale, and attacked and plundered a company of mer- chants who were going to Berwicl: I-‘aLr The young "lord" (probably laird) of Fowbery Tower hastily gathered s. troop of 100 horsemen, and set out after them. After a chase of ten miles he overtook the Scots at Branxton. and fought to such purpose that 200 prisoners were taken. and the rest escaped as best they could. Eight years after- wards. in the course of a retaliatory raid, the lands of Fowberry were plundered by the Scots. though they could make no impression on the massive walls of the old pele tower.

The decrd ng factor in this Ia- nrmtable strife was, almost always. the use of archery by the English. The Scots weapon was the "pike" and the sword, and ire was ac- knowlcdgrd to br- ihc best spear- man in Europe, with the posible exception of the Frenchman. But the numerous edicts enjoining the practice of archery were persist- ently ignored to the great disad- vantage of lire Scoti in the day of baffle.

The Ifmglish $OVCF9l§hS also en- couraged the practice of archery by every means in their power, and the more amenable peasantry who saw 'ts terrible effect as a. weapon of offence. practised assiduously with the "long bow." Evrry village had its “bultfi. and sometimes was named after them. as East Butts- ficld in Dorlianr. These butts were carefully constructed grassy mounds into which the anows sank with- out lnyury", Lo be irfterwards retriev- cd bv the thrifty‘ archers. The "cloth-yuan! shaft usually decided tho fight a’. a distam-Q which gave no opportunity lo il- plkcman to comr- w close quarters

TIIE BIRDS AT POWNAI.

'l‘lu'oiig:lr ihr‘ kindness of a cor-

“Milli

Barn Swallow, May 13; Iannicau, Goldfinch, May l5; Yelififlalh-

Grosbeaks (a large flock),

May 18; Black-poll Warbler, lhy

0

v

NOTES’ ,

of Bird Life at Pownal, - Jones." These In very- - is they contain records. d; birds which neither my Ofllfiflllfl ent nor I have seen, are listed in the P. W. OZ‘ 1' of 191s. This lady bands prefixed the official nurlbfl lhe American (knlthologlcfllfiU to each bird Observed, . winch makes reference fit » easy and is much to be flame cd. The record goea hackPte l) aird I have pleasure in replflnucing ll. merely Omitllilg threlilclal. numbers for brevltys sake?" . i915: Flicker or Yellowblnrn ApLJS; Ruby-thwarted ‘Hfli Bird, June l; Phoebe. June"! lll Flicker, Apl. 28; RedstartgJuoe Yellow Warbler, June 3. 1801 Red. start, May 27. IIn the suisr of. 1917 or i918 the Marylundilellow. firmer. was olnervedl. -~-- » rare; American Robin, Mir. as; ' Junco, Mar. 29; Flicker iAfl. 2'1; Myrtle Warbler, my 4; sadism-t May 28; Phoebe, June 4. "Q5 Jun- co. Mar. 2s; new, Apl. out Bani, Swallow, May 17; Yeuowlwdrbisr, May 22. i921: Arnerlcan Rflln, Mar. l2; Junco, Mar. 24; 8ong$rrow Mar, 25; Flicker, Apl. lIRIiyrt-la Warbler, Apl. 39; Whlteiifiatodg Sparrow, May 6; Rllblfl-‘IIQIIIOG; Kinglct, May B: (the only-‘Uflaalon, on which the “Rulry" Wl5'm, hi4 though flocks of the Ooldliilnmec Klnglet were frequently fined)