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non": MllShOllR PYREX white couniren i

OOIIIELOIIIY CASSEROLE Two rill! gills in one. Prtcltieel) too, tlte cover lreepo load warm or serves as separate pie pllll.‘ Foods belre Inter In Pyrex were —end\ta|te better! 5

6ft os. size — only

\

PYIIEX UTILITY DIS" A gilt she'll use a dozenweys. Coolrs small roasts, hot breads. rolls,biscuits,and clesserlmldeel tor candy and brownies. The

handiest dish in the

kitchen. lOl/a in. size

PYREX CAKE DIS" Notice the convenient glass han- dlesl Bakes perlect layer calieo er doubles lor meats, vegetables and other bolting. Washes easily.

Apeirmaliesalovely p

gilt. Each . . . . Qnly

PYREX PIE PLATE Just think how proficl she'll be 0F her pies in this smart trans- parent Pyrex Pie Plate.5l'te can watch crusts come to e crisp,

llaliy lsrownJr/zinch ¢

sizeonlynua...

The itootiis HARDWARE

COMPANY LIMITEII

HASTINGS. England _ Out-of-aeason crocuscs enowdropa bloomed here

November.

(CP) ariii

In

ISPWICK, England - (OP) - Thc iovtn hall clock underwent its first overhaul since being in- stalled B0 years ago.

SMOKE

will in a few minutes DESTROY

the

SAVINGS OF YEARS

You are constantly adding to your home or apartment such important articles, as Rugs, Furniture, Radios, Clothing. Are you increasing your Fire Insurance ct the some time. fake fifteen minutes and add up whut you have.

no IT how

TOMORROW MAY BE TOO LATE

H. L. SEAR

Gcnerai Insurance

"lb GREAT (ihURGE ST.

WATER

l CHARLOTTETOWN l

QULUIQIES

l3 y Ken Reynolds

K8§§§£fb¥P§§= zw-gwj-r: t r»..-

. _ "Iwlalr . I HWWA". .'.'

7W Win’! lo illiterate-co you could reed the Guerri-

"my

(Grades 2 and ti)

Submitted by Cecilia Keller. Model school.

What seatwork do you give to your class?

idea anyone ever asked you this question? Perhaps you have asked it of otters. At any rate this is a perplexing problem which confronts each and every teacher.

It is not my intention to attempt to settle this problem for you. I merely wish to offer a few sugges- tions which I sincerely hope may prove helpful to some of you.

Some questions to be considered in selecting seatwork are:

‘.. Have I made it as interesting as possible?

l. Has ii. a number of aims?

3. Ia it within the ability of the pupil-S?

4. Is it difficult enough to re- quire some effort on the part of . the pupils?

ll the primary grades effort mould be made to make all seat- work interesting. It should be such that the children will desire i0 do it and will enjoy doing it. A variety of seatwork must be pro- vided so that. it will never become monotonous. It should not be leng- thy enough to be tiresome.

Each exercise given should have definite aims. It should not be given as busyworiir. The greater number of aims considered. the more valuable the seatwork. Sub- jects ahould be correlated as much as possible. Reading enters many exercises. The vocabulary used should be suited to the children's reading vocabulary.

Seatwork often follows a lesson to establish firmly the concept of the lesson. It iihould contain noth- irig new. Seatwork which is too difficult will tend in discourage the child. Certainly no benefit can bo derived from scatwork which is too difficult.

Again, there will be no point in lgiving seatwork which will require illf) effort on the children's part. 'They will not find it interesting if it doesn't call for a certain amount of effort.

An indispensable aid in prepar- ing primary seativork is the hecto- czaph. If one cannot be purchas- ed, it can easily be made at a. comparatively small cost. Mater- lirifs required for making a. hecto- ;g. aph are: ‘

l box of plain gelatln-lsi: 1 cup of ivater i pint of glycerin-SIDO.

In my last article I briefly out- lined the purposes of reading. and mentioned the use of Basic Read- ers stressing particularly ilie can- stant rise of the Teachers’ Guide- lml: that accompanies these read- ers. In this article I shall proceed wit-h the presentation of the lvsson.

Eetabiiahing Background

The first step. called establish- ing backgrciund, is carried through lby discussing the pupils’ activi- I ties, 0i‘ previously read st0ries_ that parallel the lesson about, to be taught. This helps the teacher to clarify any double-meanings that children may get from associating any other ideas they may have.

fiisenting Vocabulary The vocabulary is presented by writing the answers to the teach- erls questions on the blackboard. as they are spoken. Or the teacher may present the new WOrd. PIO- houncing it as she writes. For ex- ample, suppose the lesson is to lGrade III “The Story of White Satin." ‘The new words are: satin‘. lsmootli‘. foolish, cross‘. teeth‘, iirc‘, speak‘, bottom, leaped‘. frogs‘, crooked’. mud‘, lie'li, tears‘, ‘worse, logs‘, hind, instead. Those marked with an asterisk ‘are to be developed phonetically lfIIICl by using context clues. The I others may be written. the teacher l saying as she writes, “The foolish pniy trotted to the bottom of the hill. I-Iis front and hind feet went ‘I very fast. Inatcad of feeling better,

JUNIOR

Trees

Choose the correct answers:

1. A tree alwlays has: roots, leaves. branches. trunks, flowers, fruit. hark, sap.

2. The branches are (a) to hold up the trunk, (b) to hold‘ the leaves, (c) tto wave in the wind, (d) for birds to sit on.

3. A tree has leaves: (a) to make it grow; (b) to shade the ground; (c) t0 tell if it is alive.

4, The roots are (a) to hold the trec in the ground; (h) to keep the tree straight; (c) to get food for the tree.

5. The trunk: is (a) to take in water; (b) to raise the leaves into the sunshine; (c) to carry the bark.

6. Trees take ln water through (a) the leaves; (b) the root; (c) the trunk; (d) the hark.

7. Which of these things does the tree need so it can grow? Wat- er, cold, heat, light_ salt, air, sun- thine.

A Of what use are trees when thty are alive?

i, Of what uae are trees they are dead?

Z0. Which of these animals live in the trees? squirrel. Chipmunk, Pirrr-upine. Fnx. Finn Marlin, Mink, Wrodchuclti‘, i

when

One of the greatest problems fac- ing the province during the nine- teenth century was the alarming rote at which the ableat teaohera were leaving the profession. The low pay and the poor teaching ooziilitlona were the chief coueel

THE ED v6.4

THE GHARDIQNL_CMR.LQIT_E_TQW

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

l?

PRIMARY SEAT WORK

A shallow pan about 11" x lP-flc

Empty the gelatin into the tori of a double boiler. Soak it in the vater until dissolved. Stir in the KJCBFIII. Place on the stove over wiling water and heat almost}? the boiling point, stirring to pre- vent from sticking. Pour Into pan find allow to harden.

After considerable use it will be necessary to melt it again in or- uoi to have a smooth surface.

You may use either hectograph ink and pen or hectograph pencil. Wllh the latter you .will have no trouble with ink blots or scratchy iiibs. Ari excellent paper to use on the hecwcr-apli is typewriter paper

i500 sheets for $1.55) but almost

liillifl‘ can be used, even the

r l‘r'.‘.."s'Jl‘llll. which is inex-

pensive (a large bundle may be

purchased for 10c.) When uslni;

llfjlvspfint it is‘ well to make the

muster-copy ori "a better grade of paper.

Iioiv. if you are equipped with a hectograph, blackboard and chalk, carbon paper and some good ref- err-rice books, seatworlr will not create such a puzzling problem.

1f your pupils are not using Bas- ic Readers and workbooks, it would be well for the teacher to have a copy of a. workbook from which similar exercises may be hertographed.

These WOTkbOOkS are as lorvs: '

‘Iliink-and-Do-Booln to accom- pony, Friends and Neighbours. (Grade II.)

More Friends (Grade II.)

Streets and Roads. (Grade III.)

More Streets and Roads. (Grade III)

Other reference books, which may be found helpful in selecting seat- wr-rk for the different subjects are:

The Canadian Teacher zine.

The Instructor Magazine.

Seatwork for Primary Grades (Instructor Handbook Series.)

English One. Workbook (Gaze Co)

First Steps in hook (Gage Co.)

First Steps in English, book (Gage Co.)

Opportunity Workbooks (Nelson).

Speaking and Writing English.

In the next issue of this column. examples of different types of scat- uork will be given.

f ol-

and Neighbours.

Maga-

Eriglisli . Work-

Work-

TEACHING READING

he felt svorse. What do you think he'll do next?" These sentences are WiliiBil as the pictures oii pages 155-159 are being discussed. The pupils then read orally the scn- tcuces from the blackboard.

Guided Reading

The lesson is then assigned for sicrit reading. with a dcfiflile reading question to be answered. 'i‘.'iis is called “Guided Readlrigfl For instance, you might say. "Read i pages 155-159 t0 find out what the l

riding in the car." With very slow renders, a question may need to he assigned for each page. Discuss the replies given, then proceed to the next section.

Extending Interpretation

After the lesson is completed. l thorough and lively discussion fol- lows. Then suggest they re-read the story to find further details, zmri to prepare for oral reading. The oral reading may take the form nf‘dramaiizatlon, or reading for others’ enjoyment, etc.

Related finctlce

The related practice follows. tiicn the exercises in "Think and Do". In the next article_ which will be the last. I shall deal. with this vtry important phase of the work, and also give suggestions for cor- relation.

Mra. L. Ross Model School

NATURE

THE RABBIT

The Rabbit has very soft warm fur. In the far North hia winter coat is ivliite. He likes to make his home where the bushes are thick, but where there are open spices nearby. In summer he eats all kinds of green food auch u clover and tender leaves. But in winter he gnaws the bark of young trees. The Rabbit ha! a big family; but thcra ere many enemies and few of the little bun- ‘ties live to grow up. It'a o good thing Brother Rabbit has long legs and long ears.

1. Why do rabbits wear white ctiats in winter? -——-

2. Why does Brother Rabbit like to live near the brier patch? --

3. Why do rabbits do more harm in winter than in summer?

4. Name some 'wild aniinall and birds that hunt rabbits?

o, I-Iow do you know that a rab- bit can run fast?

6. Why does a rabbit in on open field keep sitting up and raising Ira ears?

'1. How do you know that a rub- blt can see well at hill)"

8. Why doesn't the rabbit need a fond tail? - '

5. With which legs does the rah- lrll lump’! -_»»-

I0. Why linen he plarr his hiiiri nan in front of hia fore legs? ---

HISTORY OF EDUCATION ON P. E. I.

of this immeasurable loas. This, a- long with many other grievances pertaining to education, were pre- sented by the Board of Education to the government in I110. Out of thia Iegiaietive nelaion came the Public Iohoola us which went into

effect the following year. This act provided for a definite course of studies, uniformity of textbooks, a minimum school attendance of 50 grr cent. non-sectarian schools, and taxation of all property-own: e'rs in the district. whether or not lhcse people were parents of school children. 1n these ways teaching conditions were greatly improved. tut the struggle for higher salaries continued.

In order to avoid extensive ra- pelition. many changes in the edu- rational program about the close of the nineteenth century will be mscussed under subsequent head- ings. Of these changes which di- rectly affected teachers, one was the passage of legislation in 1912 to enable the treasury to pay the teacher an amount iii excess of the rrgular salary equal to the sup- plcmeiit paid by the district. The system of district supplement had been instituted a half century car- lirr ,in i863.

The training of teachers has im- proved greatly iii recent years. The earliest courses given iii the Norm- al School were almost entirely theoretical. Practical instruction ivas introduced iii i882 when a Muriel School was opened at Prince of Wales College. The aca- demic requirements of teachers have been raised from two to three years for first class licenses and from one to two years for second class licenses. The granting of

[third class licenses and permits to untrained teachers has been con- demned for several years, but this

rracticc has been maintained.

During the last quarter-century

TIONAL rromzozv

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

improved by the addition or elo- meritery school music, practical agriculture. fundamentals of science instruction in organized physical training and lecturee relating to public health.

Teachers have been demanding e general increase in salary ever aim-e they have been able to speak through ‘the medium of the Teach- ere‘ Federation, which waa formed in 1880. Although the general level of salaries rose. it. did not do so at o rate which was equal to the reta of increase in the general level of prices and much hardship resulted. It cost the province less in taxes to underpay ita teachers, but the ultimate effect waa the emigration of the best in the pro- fession to pieces where the re- niuneration waa more satisfactory. This exporting of intellect has been an immeasurable loss which con- tinues to be felt. In an effort to

quiet the agitation for larger aai-‘

aries, the legislature has on so a! occasions voted minute incr

lt-

MORE CHICKS

will)‘

mm/zr} O ASK FOR

0

HEALTHIER CHICKS

BIGGER PROFITS MIRACLE irircirmo rmii

but not until 1047 was any gr t increase made.

The government of Prince Ed- ward Island la at present paying a far greater percentage of the teacher's salary, than any other provincial government; in other words, the district paya a smaller percentage of the teacher's aalary= than a district in any other pro- vince. This is due not so much to poverty. as to cust0m_ and the prevalence of small school districts. The advent ofgthe larger consoli- dated schools will help to remedy this situation, provided that the community realizes that it must pay more for the greater services

the training of teachers has been

7f highly modernized education.

ALCOHOL

i Ittakes skill and training to shout at a target and hit the bull's c; e. There must be keen vision and muscle control. A good marksman ker-ps himself in trim. Life demands stcady heads and hands of those who would shoot squarely. At present we may aim at good work at school, or a neatly done job oii the farm. As we grow older we ma; hope to score high in other Lliiiigs.

l Wliethcr iva became aviators dcctors. teachers, truck drivers, farmers, or take up other lines of work. we must keep in trim to do our jab well.

Habits are formed by constant practice. Goad habits arc as easy to dcvclop as bad ones. Boys and girls may form many good habits today which will help them to shoot squarely. Sooner arglater ev- ery young person ‘will mcct a sit- uaiiou when a decision regarding IIhOIIOIIC drinks will have to be

, made.

Before that time he should learn

-v.-hat facts are known about the efiects of alcohol on the body and

‘be prepared to answer for himself Llltl question, “Will the habit of drinking prevent my being con- stant master of myself and a de-

‘szrable companion of others?

FARLIAMENTARY REFORM Eff-l" did when the "We BIYI W611i l Till; POWER 0F THE COMMONS changes. allowed women to stand

During Victoria's reign the pow- -er of the throne steadily dwindled ivlille its prestige increased. The ,M:~iiarch throughout the twentieth crntury has taken an increasingly formal part in public affairs. The voice of the people has been more ‘aria more listened to. and in 191i ,a.i Act was passed abolishing the power of the Lords to reject a ITIIOIIEY bill, and limiting its veto 0n other measures. This was a lcoiiatitutional revolution, reducing the Inrde to a very minor power in the State.

WOMEN IN POLITICS

The Great War of 1914 brought into existence a Coalition govern- ment. formed of all parties. An out- standing achievement of the sec- oiir. Coalition Government was the Representation of the People Act, i318. which among other electoral

Probably only a minority of in- sects are distinctly detrimental to man. Yet these obnoxious forms are so prominent and well known that popular opinion is apt to condemn all insects thereby. The necessity of constant warfare is continually being stressed. and the cast of combating insects hal be- come obvious in the tax rate it- se.f. To cope with animals so num- erous and active as insects cells for accurate knowledge of the ha- bits and life histories of these alx- footed rivals of men.

1. Proper Uses of Alcohol.

A. Externally on the body as a "rub-down". It eases tired mul-‘ cles and cools body in case of fev- .

making injections or before vaccin- ating. 2. Tincture of iodine con- " tains a large percentage of alcohol. t

C. As a solvent for various sub- ‘ stances; Lotions flavoring extracts, and other products contain alcohol t, as a base in which the other in-f gredieiits are dissolved. '

n. As a medicine. l. Should bel used only under the directions of‘ a physician. 2. In the treatment of poison ivy ii. helps to dissolvei tlir‘ substance that causes the ir-i ritation. |

2. Some Harmful Uses of Alcohol.

(a) As treatment for snake bile. Considered dangerous for this pur- l pose.

.b) As a food. Only when natural foods cannot be taken should ai- ' coiiol be used and then only under i a physicians orders.

(c) As an escape from unhappi- ness. Character is weakened by dcpciidlng upon a narcotic to dcaden senses whenever life is dif- ficult. REG.

SEAT EXERCISE

(Geography)

Choose the ending that make: each sentence correct.

1. A Region covet-ed with snow and ice many months oif the year, where treea will not grow veil. is celled (l) arid land. (b) llftilOfl. (c) tundra.

2. The height above which there are no treaa on a mountain is (a) the timber line. (b) the snow line. (c) the fall line.

3. Fennel-a who raise only one kiiiri of crop, such as potatoes or Mil carry on: (a) general farm- ing. (b) rotation of crops. (c) ape:- iailzcd farming.

4. The Pampas in Argentina may

. (c) Tire Great Plains in iiie United States.

b. Commerce is another word for a trade. (b) power. (c) manufac- luring.

(l. The source of a river is the pLor-e where it: (a) flows into en- ailrra- river. (b) begins. (c) ends.

7 In order to live in a more.

comfortable climate. people near "i! 00118101" live: (a) in highlands, (b) near rivers; (c) in lowla do.

d. The most important oil elds of lake Maracibo are found in the country of (a) Brazil, (b) Bo- livia. (c) Venezuela.

f1. Ecuador is the country known for (a) Sugar and coffee (b) rub- b-r plantations. (c) Panama hate. vegetable ivory. and balsa wood.

10. A river system is (a) A river ai._d all ita tributaries. (b) a large river. (c) the source of a river.

GEOMIITBY

Correct reasoning is, very impor- tant in Geometry.

I. Two triangles are congruent if angles of one are equal to three angles of the other. True or false.

9. All Vertical angles are acute angles. True or False.

i0. The aum of the interior angles of any polygon equals 360 degrees. True or False.

ROADS (Silent Balding)

Put the following aentencea un- der these three heads: i. The use of roads. 3. The kinds of roads. I. How roada are made.

1. In towns the malri streets are chiefly made of concrete or as- phalt. 2. The roads which lead through towns are called streeta 3. On them travel also carts, vana and trucks, which carry goods bl all sorts from place to place. t Just as there are main roads and by-rnada. so also there are ruriin streets and by streets. 5. These roads, however, do not need to bl so strongly built. 6. We walk on ti.em_ and we travel on them by bus and motor car. 7. Main roads and main eta-eels must be so made that the heaviest trucks will not wcar them info ruts or holes. B. What should we do without good rt ads? 9. Roads leading from these t: out-of-the-way places are call- Lfl by-roads. 10. The chief rmiiis are called main roads.

a‘ a v Je'l-'u'lfa‘a'a'a'a'a‘v'

. This Department ta eon- ducted by the Prince Edward

- lelnnrl Teachers’ Federation. t. trlbutionr are welcomed