‘August 1 were coarse grains allowed to move

JASLEJLQQR -~ THE G UARD IAN

Morning Daily (Founded In iiltli) Afilhorlzed u. Nkvtlnd Clrna Null. rm Office Dnpurtnieng Ottawa. ‘ Thu Islam! tiuurrllnn Publtliiiln] Co. Ilditor and slamming Din-nor, J. B. Burnett. Annnr-inte Editor. Frank Walker.

.___. "The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest lnk."

CHARLOTTETOWN, WEDNESDAY. J.»\‘.\'. 5. 1949

Our Farmers’ Markets

The fact that the United Kingdom has been steadily cutting down food purchases iri Canada because it is unable to pay for them emerges as perhaps the most essential problem in our agri- cultural marketing question at the present time. ln the first l0 months of tliis ycar our salcs to the U. K. were $581.7 millions and our purchases from the U. K. were $246.5 millions. After us- ing all its earnings in this country to pay for its purchases, the United Kingdom still owed $335.2 millions. Against this, there would be the small balance arising from the earnings on Brit- ilh investments in Canada, and on shipping and other services. The remainder of about $300 mil- lions was paid out of $52 millions loaned by the Canadian Government to the United Kingdom and by gifts of U. S. dollars to the United King- dam made by the U. S. Government under the Marshall Plan. lt is obvious that no long-range marketing policy can be safely postulated for our Canadian farmers on such terms. Other over- seas markets are even less secure than the Brit- ish market.

Citing these facts as evidence of the need for expanding our United States market, the Winnipeg Free Press recalls the terms of the Canada-U. S. Trade Agreement brought into operation a ycar ago. The Agreement reduced the U. S. tariff on barley from l5 to 7 cents per bushel, on oats from 8 to 4 cents per bushel, on rys from l2 l-Z to 6 cents pcr bushel. The uota for live cattle, over 700 pounds in weight, as increased from 225,000 to 400,- 000 head per year with the tariff remaining at 1 1-2 cents per pound. The quota on calves was increased from 100,000 to 200,000 head with the tariff remaining at 1 1-Z cents pcr pound. The tariff on beef and veal, fresh, chilled or frozen, was reduced from 6 to 3 cents per pound. There was a reduction on frozen pork and thc existing rates on hogs at l cent per pound, fresh and chilled pork at l l-4 cents per pound and bacon and hams at 2 cents per pound were bound against increase. Concessions were granted to Canada-on 15 dairy products including milk and créam powders, butter, cheese, fresh milk, cream, evaporated milk, sweetened and unsweetened, etc. Other valuable concessions were obtained on eggs and poultry. The list is a long one.

What happened, however, was that by var- ious kinds of embargoes and restrictions the Ca- nadian Government has prohibited exports of our farm products to t-he United Statcs. Not until

freely into the United States. Not until August 16 was the embargo on exports to the U. S. of cattle and dressed becf withdrawn. Exports of hogs and pork products and of dairy products to the United States are still prohibited by Ol- tawa.

The Free Press argues strongly for discontinuing those restrictions. ln view of the serious situation with regard to overseas markets, this would ap- pear in be gnund advice. There has been no sug- gestion, however, of withdrawing from or volun- tarily reducing our exports to the British or over- seas markets. The cut-backs in these markets an not» being invited and they certainly are not welcome. They are being imposed upon us wheth- er we like them or not. lt is a case of finding new outlets for exports which can no longer be told in sufficient volume at profitable prices overseas. This should be a maior obiectivc for those representing our agricultural interests at Ottawa in 1949.

Historic Halifax

l

ln "Historic Halifax,“ William Coatcs Bor- rett gives a highly interesting historic review of events and anecdotes related to Nova Scotin's capital city from its founding in 1749. Printed and published by the Rycrson Press, Toronto, the story appears at a time when its pages will be perused with more than usual interest be- cause of the preparations which are being made to celebrate next Juno the two hundredth an- niversary of the establishment of Halifax by Lord Cornwallis. lt will givs the thousands of visitors who will attend the birthday celebrations the opportunity beforehand to become familiar with those various parts of the city associated with events in connection with its founding and its development as Canada's greatest Atlantic port and as its outpost of defence in the wars which occurred in the two centuries.

ln connection with the latter activities, chapters are devoted to thc part which the city played in the two World Wars and of the pen- alties which is sustained. The writer gives an eye-witness account of the explosion in Decem- ber, 1917, of the munitions ship Mont Blonc, when some 1,200 citizens lost their lives, 12,000 were iniured and 30,000 were rendered homeless. He also describes the explosions which again shook Halifax in July, 1945, and sent citizens, recalling the 1917 disaster, streaming from their homes to sesk safety in parks and other open places or in outlying villages. The loss of life was comparatively light but once again there was immense damage to buildings over a wide area. 1n the concluding paragraph the writer remarks: "Halifax, which was founded for the express purpose of upholding British prestige’, hit its stride as usual in time at "war, in the man- ner of a true veteran. War was no new experience to its citizens, and no Canadian community can

[EDITORIAL NOTES/I

Week of Prayer.

i

Young Farmers at St. Dunstan’; i U i Floods in the West, tornadoes to the south,

atmospheric peace and quietude on the Island. 9i i A‘

Have we any Federally-minded statesmen left here, men of the type of Laird, Ferguson, Da- vies, Sullivan, Pope —- men to give a lead and direction in Federal affairs? Or have we merely office-holders satisfied to leave affairs in the

hands of officials?

n o n

Sir Ernest Shackleton, British explorer, died this dotc 1322," was third lieutenant in Scott's Antarctic Expedition in 1901; command- ed the British Antarctic Expedition of 1907-9; also the Antarctic Expedition 1914-16. Author of The Heart of the Antarctic, The Diary of a Truopship, and South. * it

With today's high cost of government the chances of becoming wealthy are strictly limit- ed. At the some time wealth is unnecessary to enable the able bodied to take advantage ol R.C.N. cruises which probably offer more than any paid-for trip to the young man anxious to see the world.

a w w w

'"' Polish annual egg production has reached thc two billion mark. Between January and Sep- tember, 1948, dairy and poultry co-operatives handled 350 million eggs, selling 165 million on thc domestic market and putting 20 million into cold storage. The remainder were exported, main- ly to the United Kingdom and to ltaly.

Manitoba's legal experts are studying pro-

posed measures to do away with the privileged 11¢D0nn1d_ A 5mg“ perm,“ o; the

position of the crown in litigation. Today when governments are deep in business of every kind l1’ is a real hardship and iniustice that individuals wronged have no redress against the Province, or Dominion without the consent of the Attorney

General.

owe

That a legion of comic books has been poured out upon the younger generation with little regard for their effect does not mean that

such products cannot scrve a useful purpose.

We learn much more readily from a combina-- tion of pictures and text than is possible from unillustrated exposition. The problem, as ever,

is to select what is valuable from the great

mass of trash.

A- 9e

lt is curious that the United States which is avowedly in favour of free enterprise should also be an important factor in spreading the practice of. governmental planning throughout the Western world. The terms of E. R. P. arc such that thc beneficiaries practically have to organize their economy on a basis of state plan- ning.

i The Montreal Star gloomly reports that at the present rate of housing construction if will take Canada 50 years to catch up with the hous- ing shortage. A bright feature of the survey is that the difficulty is chiefly caused by the great- ly increasing number of families requiring a:- comniodation, so that the situation may well be described as "growing pairis."

Q I

Women's Institutes thc world over were saddened by the news of the sudden death of Mrs. Alfred Watt, honorary president of the As- sociated Country Women of the World, which occurred in Montreal on Nov. 29. Several months before her death she was presented with a life membership in the Federated Women's lnstitutc of Canada by thc national president, Mrs. Al- lison MocMillan, Fairview. "k ‘It I Believe it or not, for the first time on record, the assets of the Bank of Montreal have passed the two billion dollar mark. According to the government statement of the chartered banks, the B of M on November 30 had total assets of $Z,069,544,949.l6. Over the past year a sub- stantial factor in this rise has been the increase in notice, or savings, deposits in Canada, which have advanced from $892,000,000 to, $994,000,- 000. Total deposits by the public in Canada now exceed $1,650,000,000, the highest figure for any Canadian bank, and represent well over a million and a half deposit accounts. Canada's first bank, the B of M, has iust entered upon its l32nd. year. Founded in 1817, when business was still commonly done by barter in the Canad- ian colonies, the bank opened its doors with a staff of seven. Today, more than 9,300 people work at 527 B of M branches in Canada and

Britain and the United States.

a. ~-

dents in Britain. They will be able to

scenery and surroundings. The Scotsman has made this generous gift wishes to remain has prompted his action. He hopes that it will to serve as a congenial meeting place where stu- dents from Britain and overseas con get to know

life. The donor has supplemented his gift with

have greater pride or bears the scars of war Mmaarable to Halifax in wartime."

monwealth can take advantage of this scheme.

s

_ When 1 remcmbfl‘. 11191111. Whom

Newfoundland and at the bank's offices in Great

A beautiful country house in Scotland has been given as a holiday home for overseas stu- spend a fortnight or more there either for private study and reading or for relaxation among pleasant who

anonymous. But he has indicated the idea which

serve as a memorial of the part which the people of Britain played in the war. He also wishes it

something of each other’: country and way of

a very considerable sum of money to ensure that charges to the students may be kept moderate. An appeal far a further $140,000 has also bu" launched and several well-known Scotsman have agreed to become patrons of the scheme. The house will be ready In twelve months’ time and will accommodate about 25 students to begin with. Ir is situated midway between Aberdeen and Dundee, about 100 miles from Edinburgh. Any student from any part of tho British Com-

xrrr: GUARDIAN. clrnrzcqfrfrcjrlgwn

t

‘Pi! LETS

"and-gal

T0 A FRIEND wrro HAD DIED

lost I call.

Because a man beloved is taken hence.

The tender humour and the fire 0! sense.

In your good eyes; heart for all. And chiefly for the weaker by thc wall,

You bore the lamp of sane benevol- once;

Then sec I round you Death his shadows dense

Divide. and at. your feet hlS emb-

how full of

Old Charlottetown

sun: m: ice is THICK ruousii rinsrl.’ '

10.115 fall. \

our rm - Kccrou!

4601K?’ Meredith Two Infill!" OII MAY.

Tum tnuin- Sum Scars

0Q» Four; lncucs- O.K.,/

(_ltbla Ivnlfll

REMQ-MBFR»

. 4,1,1?-

(Anrl I. l. L)

these functions. These measures will be designed solely t.o prevent the revival of German aggression. 5. Within this framework it 1s McDonald. of Eldon, we org en- the purpose of the Slx Powers t0 abled to give some particulars of provide the means by which a the landing of the passengers by peaceful democratic Germany can ihe famous shin Polly. which be brought into the European brought out many of the Lord Sel- community u, pmy its p“; 5,5 a km‘ 5°111°15 1° Belfasli P- E~ 1v 1“ fully responsible and independent. 1803. The land where the settlers menu)“. The participant”: of the stepped ashore was first acquired western zones ‘I Gennany m the by a Captain McMillan who pro- Elutrpean Recovery Programme cured it. from Lord Selkirk in 1823. and m the Organization for Bu“ It came inio the possession of Open“ monomm cmoperauon BL

C ' M111 ' . ' soanlftagqexa;géxlarfifligiqklg‘lifivfléi ready demonstrates the intention

Eldon, informs us that the property °1 ‘he wegtem P111119“ w “"0711 was disposed of to Mr. D. A. Mc- 1° ‘Clelnmny 115 p15“ 111 the “m” Donald's father. the late John S. 91111” 1119 °1 113130119» - 6. With these various factors in land ncnr the shore was owned for 11111141 111 11115 119911 11 1115111 011.1501- a time by a man named Gillis. The lvc of the Six Powers. in estab- inte Mr. McDonald purchased this biishing the Ruhr Authority. to also, and his heirs. at present. pos- ensure that the resources of the isesglaii tlhe land contiguous to the Rim: shall, in the future, be used B11 118-1) ace._ not for purports of aggression “The Mr. Grills referred to was bu; M3191)- m the interest; o; an uncle the Rev. John Grills, peace‘ and to provide for u closer m: Fggls 115° 115'“ 1"t1)\";‘1il15-_ co-ordination of the economic life revgend’ angst?" P“l'_°_11d‘° 11;“ cf the countries of Europe co-op- g a" "e qule crating in the common good in-

close to the old French graveyard— 1 M h f I , c udlng a democratic Germany. u c armor-l) occupied o site near .7‘ During the period that ‘he

the landing piace-up to the time of . . their grandfather's death when they °.‘“.“P“1'°“ 5111110111155 are 9x911‘ rising extensive economic func-

all moved away.

"A building was erected by the 110115 1'11 Germfmy 1116 119415113113 91 settlers. near to this old French 1119 Authorlly W111 “ece553711Y be burial ground. which was used for ""194 W‘ 11118913’ 113V 01' 111101-1811 divine service. The late Charles 111° °°°11P311°11 3111110111-‘95- A5. McKlnnon, grandfather of Judge however. they relinquish their McDonald, was the first local functions. the authority will be in preacher. more and more direct relationsip “0 111111111" °1 1119 immigrants are with the German Government. in 3111111121 {[1] 1,119 01d French xrflveyflrdi the exercise of its functions.

‘re c pushes. Martins. McPhees, g A prmcjpa] guncuon of u" Iwcholsons, Dochertys. and many Ruhr Aumoruy is to make a at“

“HERE THE POLL‘: LANDED

"By lire kindness of Mr. D. A.

others" . __ , ision of tho coal. coke imd steel Auglfnllggizdmlrd15151111114113111111“ from the Ruhr ass-between Ger-

man consumption and export. in order to provide adequate access to supplies of these products by countries ctr-operating in the com- mon economic good, at the some time taking into account the es- sential needs of Germany. This division must. of course, be in conformity with existing interna- tional agreements. Thus, in the case of coal and coke. the sliding scales drawn up in Moscow and

Germany: Intgiibut-ional Control Of The Ruhr

(United Kingdom Information) l. "Representatives of Belgium, Ftrancc, Luxembourg. The Neth- erlands. Lire United Kingdom and the Untied Slates have met in London to draft n detailed ag-

reemcnl establishing an Intcrna- _ _ Lional Authority for the Ruhr as 39111-11 00111111119 1" force- pmvided in ‘he Annex m the 9. The functions of the Ruhr

Authority in the above field will be coordinated wlllr the larger and more comprehensive operations of the O.E.E.C.. in its work of pro- motlng the economic rehabilita- tion of the countries partlcipatng

oom-‘rlirnique issued on June 2nd. 194B. at the termination of the Londcn six-Power talks on Ger- many. The delegates hove com- pleted a draft agrr-ement irrhtcir

has ncnv been submitted to their

Governments for approval. ‘The 111 111° 15111111391111 Remvery Pm‘ tvXt of the draft agreement is be- 3111mm" ‘ _ _

mg made public today (December m. The Authority Wm have

$111.. 1948i.

2. The meeting, which was held in a friendly atmosphere through- out, carefully examined all aspects of the problems involved. It was recognized at the outset that a number of organizations are be- ing established and arrnngemcnts ‘being ivurked out. with respect to Germany. Thr- Ruhr Authofity is one at them and should be via-yea in this context. To uvofd duplication of effort and over- lapping of jurisdiction each of these has its particular func- tlons. Taken together they are de- signed to accomplish a threefold objective. To assure the disarm- ai-nent and demliitarlzatlon of Germany. to further the recovery of the countries of Europe, in- eluding a democratic Germany and to promote that intimate as- saclatlon of their economic life which in the last; analysts alone

powers to ensure that. the German authorities do not. institute, carry out or penult artificial or discrim- inatory transport, price and trade practices, quotas. tariffs and sim- ilar Governmental meavures or ccrrrirnerclal arrangements which would dlz-iiort the movement of Ruhr cool, coke and steel In in- ternational trade, except for mea- sures of protection approved by the Authority.

SEARCH ABANDONED

MIAMI. Fla" Jan. 1| — (AP) - The United States Coast Guard said last night that. “large-scale" search for a missing charter alr- llner with 32 persons aboard was discontinued late yesterday. The DC-ti disappeared last Tuesday on a flight from San Juan, Puerlo Rico, to Miami.

Government By Bluff

mid Printed Word)

Now that. the Supreme Court of Canada has decided that. the pro- hiibitlon of margarine is illegal and always has been, the question arises whether there may not. be several other lows and regula- tions to winch Canadians have been submitting with more or less good grace but which stand on as shaky a constitutional foundation as did tlhe margarine ban.

It. ls not. to be expected that. the Dominion Government will im- mediately submit a stated case on the constitutionality of rent con- trol to the Supreme Court. The of- fer to turn rent control over to the provinces has been taken by some observers as on indlcgtiou mat. federal rent. control is really inrconstlirirtlonul in peacetime, out its continuance does not threaten the Government with o constitu- tional dilemma.

In the margarine case, removal of the ban became urgent because o! the admission of Newfoundland into Confederation. Margarine lrns olways been legal in the new pro- vince, and it. is generally under- stood that. the B. N. A. Act pro- vides that. there shall be no hind- rzmce of trade between any of the provinces. Thus margarine had to be mode legal to make good the promises of Canada's negotiat- ors with Newfoundland. To avoid unpopular-fly svlth dairy farmers, she government left the responsi- bility for the change to the Su- preme Court.

This probably seemed a good trick, but it deceived nobody, least of all the dairy farmers. whose spokesmen are not. backward in asserting that. the Government has shown insufficient respect to the sacred cow. It is not. a trick that ls likely to be tried again, for nrhlle it. may have accomplished its main object, lt- has stimulated thought on constitutional matters. a process which rfprudent govern-_ ment. seeks to avoid.

Citizens who have been and still are being; bullied by the petty commlssars of rem control, for- eign exchange control and others. iv-ho derive authority from acts and regulations of doubtful valid- ity. are now inclined to question whether we have government by law or government by bluff. They would like to see a direct chai- Ienge of the theory. abhor-rent to true liberals, that the citizen ex- fsfs for tire state and not the state for the citizen.

The ofllclal Opposition. under its new leader, might well devote its activity curring the coming ses- sion to calling the Government's bluff. Such o course would be both popular and constructive.

NEW CITY CREST

SASKATOON-(CPW-A Univer- sity of Saskatchewan engineering professor. whose hobby is herald- vy, has drawn a new coat of arms for the city. The old one was called incorrect. Council ls ex- pected to approve the new one.