‘.

gregipns, far more extensive than the . ' lately announced by the French Expfbring Ex-

leroalNo sxrentriox‘e 1‘ DISCOVERY.

Letters have been receive from the United States Exploring Expedition, dated at Sydney, New South Wales, March 13, 1840, announcing the discoverynofa vast continent in the antarctic discovery

pedition. It would seem that the discovery of the continent was made on the 19th of January, 1840, by both the French and American squa- drons. . “ '

The part of the ocean included- between the degrees of 97 and 154_ degrees east, and south of64, was not traversed by Cook, nor any other ofthe great navigators that we remember; though west of 60 degrees east longitude, he went to nearly 70 degrees of south latitude. But the discoveries now mentioned seem to be all east of this. Capt. Biscoe, at about 45 degrees east lOngitude, took a northeastern course from nearly 70 degrees south latitude. .

In 1823, Capt. Waddel was considerably south of 70 degrees, as indeed Capt. Cook was in [774, but no report is made of any thing but Islands of ice. We do not now recollect the cause, it there was any, why the southern navigators a|| avoided (as they seem to have done) the part of the great Southern Ocean lying in the latitude and longitude recently visited by the American and French squadrons.

(From the Sydney Herald, March 13th, 1840.)

DISCOVERY or trim ANTARTIC CoNTINENT.-—- Among the arrivals to be found in our shipping listofthis day, is that of the United States ship Vincennes, under the command. of Charles Wilkes, Esq. The V. has been absent from this port eighty days, most of which time has been spent in southern exploration, and we are happy to have it in our powgr to announce, on the highest authority, that the researches _of the ex- ploring squadron after asouthern continent have

been completely successful. The land was first seen on the morning of the 19th January, in la- titude 64 degrees 20 minutes, south longitude 154 degrees 18 minutes east.

The Peacock (which ship arrived in our har- bor on the 22d ult. much disabled from her contact with the ice,) we learn, obtained sound- ings in a high southern latitude, and established beyond doubt the existence of land in that direc- tion. But the V., more fortunate in escaping injury, completed the discovery, and ran down the coast from the 154 deg. 18 sec. to 97 deg. 45 sec. east longitude, about 1700 —miles, within a short distance ofthe land, often so near as to get soundings with a few fathoms of line, during which time she was. constantly surrounded by ice Islands and bergs, and experienced many heavy gales of wind, exposing her constantly to shipwreck. We also understand she has brought several specimens of rock and earth, procured fromthe land, some of them weighing upwprds of 100. pounds. It is questionable whe- the ’this discovery can be of any essential bene-

, 'commerge, but it cannot be otherwise than lf‘gratifying to Captain Wilkes, and the era engaged with him in this most interesting expedition‘fffi-have brought to a successful ter- mination the high trust committed to them by their country; and it isghoped that so noble a commencement in the cause of science and dis- covery, will induce the Government ofthe United States to follow up by other expeditions that which is now on the point of terminating.

We understand that the Vincennes will sail on the 16th instant for New Zealand, where the Porpoise and Flying Fish will rejoin her, should they have been equally fortunate with their two consorts in escaping from the ice. The Peacock will follow as soon as her repairs are completed ; whence they will all proceed in furtherance of the objects of the expedition. We will only add, that we Wish them God speed.

From the same paper is the following :—

FLoua.-—The price offlour has advanced 65. per 100 pounds. This rise is to be attributed to the scanty arrivals of wheat from the country. and thehigh price demanded. It is said that yesterday a pound a bushel was asked for wheat.

It appears from the same paper that the two French corvettes, the Astrolabe and Zelee, under the command of Commodore D'Urville, have been crowned with the same success as that of the U. S. squadron ; on the 19th of January, they succeeded in landing with two boats, and obtained many specimens of rock, ch. lat. 66 deg. S. lon. 130 deg. E. The Astrolabe and Zelee had arrived at Hobart Town.

DEPARTURE or GLENGARRY ron New SOUTH Wows—On Monday the fine i‘arge ship Per- fect, Captain Snell, cleared out for Port Philip and Sydney, N. S. W., with 74 passengers, among whom are A. {Eneas R. Macdonuell, Esq. alias Glengarry, who goes to the southern hemisphere, for the purpose of forming a new Glengarry settlement. He has taken a retinuc of followers with him (not of warlike heroes, like his ancestors of old,) consisting of shepherds and

.* agriculturists of every description, capable of

carrying all the improved methods of rearing cattle, and agricultural improvements, of the old to the dew world. He takes out a splendid stock of all kinds of the far-famed Scottish cat- tle, and a vast number of the most approved agricultural implements, and a frame house or two. , Glengarry, we understand, lost his family estate through the reckless extravagance of his father, and a short time since sold one of his own estates for a pretty handsome sum, with which he now goes to Australia to,play Gleiigar- ry on a more extended principle than any ofhis forefathers could do. After making a settle- ment either in Australia or New Zealand, the ohieltain intends to return, and take all his ten-, ants, and leave not a Wreck of theretainers of the clan to stay on the lands of his fathers.—It is net generally known, that.the grandfather of Glengsrry is the’F’ergus M‘Ivor of Sir Walter Scott, in Waverley, and that the old chieftain

met .his death udder. the following circumstan- ces z—Tbe Glengarrys, headed by their chlieftain, turned out and follotvedahe fortunes and isform tunes of Charlie in I745 ; Irind gmong thelotbier ex loits artici ated in by t is c an, was he _e-, feapt of Si: Johfll) Hawley’s troops. The English threw away their muskets, and the HigMIiders standing in need of arms, picked them up ape took them e The morning after the‘batt e,- while Glenlgg'y and a group of his officers were standing on the streets of Falkirk, a young Don,- gal belonging to the clan‘, and .who had bEcome possessed of one of the English, muskets, put priming in the pan, so as he might see whether it was fit for service or not. The gun was load- ed; and no sooner had Dougal drawn the trig- ger than Glengarry fell dead, the muzzle havmg been accidentally pointed towards him. So great was the grief at the death of the well-be- loved chieftain, that nothing would satisfy the clan but the life of the unfortunate Highlander. A regimental court martial was held : and every man of the clan, even the father and brother of Dongal, voted for his death, and he was accord- ingly shot. Glenga’rry still retains the estates of Moidart and Kugdart.—Glasgow Clirositcle.

New YORK FIFTY YEARS AGO.—Al. this time (1794) I don’t think there were six piano-fortes in the city: 'now, I suppose, there may be ten thousand. The lasses were all better employed; then they were the true yrike-fellows, .always drawing equal. helping and cheering their good men as they trudged along With the cares and burdens of life. the clothes in the family. No merchant tailors and their five hundred dollar bills in those days: no notes lying over. In fact, for the first fifteen yearsI lived in New York, l never heard of a protested note; hence, I infer, that the pressure in the money market is all owing to the increase ofplay-houses and piano-fortes. ,When .Wash- ington was President, his wife knit stockings~ in Philadelphia: .and the mothers and daughters, in New York, made all the dough-nuts and cakes between Christmas and New Year’s; now the married ladies are too proud to make dough-nuts; besides, they don’t know how; soythey e’eii send to Madame Pompadour, or some other French cake-maker, and buy sponge-cake orlady-fingers, for three dollars a pound. In those days, New York was full of substantial comforts: now it is full of splendid misery ; then there were no gray- headed spinsters, (unless they were very ugly indeed,) for a man could get married for a dollar, and begin housekeeping for twenty; and, in washing his clothes and cooking his victuals, the wife saved him more money than it took to sup- port her. Now, I have known a minister lately to get five hundred dollars for buckling a couple; then wine, cake, and other et ceteras,five hun- dread more; wedding-clothes and jewels, a thou- sand; six or seven hundred in driving to the Springs, or some desert mountain; then, a house must be got for eight hundred per annum, and furnished at an expence oftwo or three thousand; and, when all is done, his pretty wife can neither make a cake nor put an apple in a dumpling. Then a cook must be got, at ten dollars per month; a chambermaid, laundress, and scams- tress, at seven dollars each; and, as the fashion- able folly of the day has banished the mistress from the kitchen, those blessed helps, aforesaid, reign supreme; and, while master and mistress are playing cards in the parlour, the servants are playing the devil in the kitchen; thus, lighting the candle at both ends, it soon burns out. Po- verty comes in at the door and drives Love out at the window. It is this stupid and expensive nonsence which deters so many unhappy bache- lors from entering the state of blessedness; hence, you find more deaths than marriages in the papers.—Forty-five years ago, our real wants were few, and easily supplied; our imaginary wants none; now, our real wants arejust as-few; hutthe world and all its stores cannot supply om imaginary ones. In those days, men got maricd at night and went forth to work in the morning with all the sober realities of life on their backs; now they get married in the morning, and start off spending money as ifthe wedding-day would last through lifter—Grant Thai-burn, alias Lau- rie Todd, in the ZVew York Mirror.

THE LAKE or NICARAGUA : JUNCTION or THE ATLANTIC WITH THE Famine—The Lake of Nicaragua is situated in the province of that name, at a distance of about a hundred miles from the Atlantic Ocean, with which it commu- nicates by the river St. Jean. This river is now considered the most advantageous and most practicable point for establishing a connexion between the two oceans. It is believed to be navigable for vessels of'three or four feet draft

twice that depth, as far as the point where the fiills commence, which are the great difficulty to be surmounted. The surface of the lake, ac- cording to a Spanish engineer, who executed a survey in 1781, is forty-six feet above the level of the Pacific; its depth, about fifteen fathoms. The distance from that sea to the south-western extremity of the Lake of Leon, which communi- cates, as before stated, with that of Nicaragua, is, by the report of the said engineer, fifteen ge- ographical miles, and the intervenino land is said to be sufficiently level to admit the0 Opening ofa canal that should unite those lakes with the Pacific. Should the grand work of uniting the waters of the two oceans be undertaken and ac- complished, a revolution would be caused in the commercial world, attended with results in the

both hemispheres. This part of the continent would bEcome the great thoroughfare ofNatjons ; and Central America would at once meta an importance, both commercial and political, which otherwise she. never can attain. i Proposals for opening this communication” were made a company of. English m'Erchants in 1824. The

following year similar proposals were made by

The mother and girls made all'

0-,

some merchants of the United States. But in neither case does it appear, that any specific at- tention was given to the subject by the govern- ment of the'conntry. Subsequently, a propost- tii‘rti' to the same efi‘ect was made by the Dutch, which Was admitted, and the King of theNe- therlands was to be stockholder to the amount of ‘one halfof the capital that might be invested. ut, from whatever‘ cause this plan also fell hrough, and matters remairf-linthe same state as dare—Montgomery’s Narrative qf a Journey Mylo Guatemala. 1'

.Vl

Exposirron or run FIRST PERSECUTION or CHRISTIANS BY Nana—Though, affirst, there. appears something unaccountable in this pros- cription of a harmless and unobtruSive sect, against whom the worst charge, at least, was the introduction of a new and peaceful form of wor- shipping one Deity,——-a.privilege which the Jews had always enjoyed Without iiiolestatmii,——-yet, the process by which the public mind .was led to this outburst of fury, and the inannerun which it was directed against the Christians, is clearly indicated by the historian. After the first con- sternation and distress, an accoss of awe-struck superstition seized on the popular mind. Gt‘eat public calamities can never be referred to obvmus or accidental causes. The trembling people had recourse to religious rites, endeavoured to ascer- tain by what offended deities this dreadful-judg- ment had been inflicted, and sought for victims to appease their yet, perhaps, unmitigated gods. But, when superstition has once fotind out VIC- tims to whose guilt or iinpiety it may ascribe the Divine anger, human revenge iniiigles itselfup with the relentless determinition to propitiate offended heaven, and contributes still more to hliiid the judgment and exasperzite the passions. The other foreign religions, at which the native deities might take offence, had been long domi- ciliated in Rome. Christianity was the newest; perhaps was making the most alarming progress: it was no national religion' it was disdained, with eager animosity, Jews, among whom it originated; it s and practice Were obscure and uniiit and that obscu- rity the excited imaginati e hostile people might fill up with the darkest and most mons- trous forms. We have sometimes thought it possible, that incautious or misinterpreted ex- pressions of the Christians themselves might have attracted the blind resentment ofthe people. The minds of the Christians were constantly occupied with the terrific images ofthe final coming of the Lord to judgment in fire; the confiagration of the world was the expected con- summation, which they devoiitly supposed to be instantly at hand. When, therefore, they saw the great metropolis ofthe world, the city ofpride,

from its port to the lake; and for vessels of

highest degree beneficial to the inhabitants of

ofsensnality, of idolatry, of bloodshed, blazing like a fiery furnace before their eyes—the Baby- lon ofthe West wrapped in one vast sheet of de- stroying flame—the more fanatical, the Jewish part of the community, may have looked on with something of fierce hope and eager anticipation; expressions almost triumphant may have burst from unguarded lips. They may have attributed the ruin to the righteous vengeance ofthe L0rd : it may have seemed the opening ofthat kingdom which was to commence with the discomfiture, the desolation of Heathenism, and to conclude with the establishment of the millenia'l kingdom ofChrist. Some ofthese, in the first instance, apprehended and examined, may have made ac- knowledgments before a passionate and astonish- ed tribunal, which would lead to the conclusion, that, in the hour of general destruction, they had some trust, some security, denied to the rest of mankind; and this exemption from common misery, if it would not mark them out. in some dark manner, as the authors ofthe conflagration, at all events would convict them of that hatred of the human race so often advanced against the Jews.—( The Rr-v. Prebendary JIil/nan’s Histo- ry qu/tristianity.)

HUMAN ARCHXTECTURE.—-A foreign period- ical contains the followimract ofa letter from a gentleman in Ispaha , ersia, giving an account of a singular species of architecture, which may be new to our readers :—

“ The Governor is without mercy towards the. Lontyes, a name given to a fanatical sect of the lower ordeis; and whenever a murder is commit- ted he causes the assassins to be arrested; and keeps them in a dungeon, till he has collected a sufficient number of victims to make a striking example.—You Would not readily divine his project--with these men he intends to build a tower! He has already about a hundred prison- ers,- and when he shall have got together two or three hundred, then the groaning tau-er is to be commenced. A layer ofslones is to be arranged alternately with a layer ofliving men! A lower of 'this description is to be seen at the gate of Shiraz. The one iii question is likely to be soon commenced—for We saw yesterday the camels

arriveladeu with-the lime, destined for its con- struction.”

Enancv or Cinnamon—Energy of‘charac- ter is the philosopher’s stone of his life, and should be engraved upon every heart—it is that which has peopled the temple of fame—that which has filled the historic pages with great names, and the civil and military world, that which has broughta race from barbarism, drawn the veil from science, and developed the won- drous poWers of nature—it makes men great, and makes men rich. First, or lasr it brings success. ,Without it Webster would have been a New Hampshire lawyer—Ben Franklin a jour- neyman printer. Without it, Demosthenes would have stammered on to his grave, and Cincinnatus died a common soldier—Shakspeare would have been shot for poaching—Pope died selling tape—Roscoe lived selling beer ” by the small"-—and Napoleon: gone out of the world a CorSican bully. With it"each one has not only done muchgood for himself, much for his da and generation, but much. for the world in .the

past, the present and the future- Energy»

a small way that it has done for those._

lawyer energy of character, and.he Will _ 1‘

at the bar without talent. It is the secret which the merchant, the artist, the scholar, mg the mechanic, arrive at distinction and wealth. If' they fall once, they try_ again: no coritru, winds beat them down, or, ifdown, they Will not stay down. The man Who has energy ofcharacé ter will rise in spite of. fortune and in" opposition. Give a man‘ energy, and he is a madg man, put him where you Will. It is the fact that gives us confidence that the American peo- ple will rise from their present depressions as

character will do the same thing for any mg g .

soon as the blast has blown over that threw them -

down. In defiance of bank suspension, bad currency, and every other evil that malice and

ignorance can fix upon them, the people of this - country have energy enough to rise and to pros-n

per. He who gives up in despair, and cuts away».

the sheets of his canvass, because he finds cone-s trary winds in his paSsage, is but a poor navt-«

gator.—American Paper. ‘

SUICIDAL Paormvsrrv.—Dr. Gall knew seve-w-

ral families in which the suicidal propensity prevailed through several generations. Among the cases he mentions, is the following very re- markable one 2— ' ,

“ The Sieur Gauthier, the owner of various houses built without the barriers of Paris to be used as entrepots of goods, left seven children, and a fortune of about two millions offiqncsto be divided among them. All remaineddfparis, or in the neighborhood, and preserved their pa- trimnny ; some even increased it by commercial. speculation.—None of them met with any real. misfiirtnnes, but all enjoyed good health, a com-- potency and general esteem. All however, were posseSs-ed With rage for suicide, and all seven succumbed to it within the space ofthirty or forty years—Some hanged, some drowned them- selves, and others blew out their brains. One of the first two had invited sixteen persons to dine with him on Sunday. The company col- lected, the dinner was served, and the guests were at the table. The master ofthe house was called for, but did not answer—he was found hanging in the garret. Scarcely an hour before he was quietly giving orders to the servants, and chatting with his friends. The last, the owner ofa house in the Rue de Richelieu, having rais- ed his house two stories, became frightened at the expense, imagined himself ruined, and was anxious to killahiinself. Thrice they presented him, but soon after he was found dead, shot by a pistol. The estate, after his debts were paid, amountedto three hundred thousand francs, and he might have been forty-five years old at the time of his death. "

IMPORTANT 'I'O Hnans or Futures—We are informed that melted tallow is an excellent and efficacious remedy for the croup, by a gen- tleman who has recently tried it in the case of one of his own children. Dose, four or five tea- spoonsful. -

Dr. Johnson compared plaintifl'and defendant, in an action at law, to two men ducking their heads in a bucket, and daring each other to re- main longest under water.

GREAT onannscmann—We believe the greatest advertisement ever given out to any Prin- ters in this country, is that lately given by the Corporat‘mralo the Evening Post, and the New Era, of property to be sold for As, ssments. That advertisement was published on ’i 'a Week for thirteen weeks, and comes to over thirteen thousand dollars, or six thousand five hundred dollars each. This is truly what is technically called a“ Fat" advertisement, and the beauty of it is that it is promptly paid,——no running a sec- ond time,-—the Comptroller gives his warrant on the Treasurer, which is paid, if required, in hard cash. We do not complain ofthis,—on the con- trary, we are gratified that it falls to the lot of the profession occasionaly to receive a reward. Almost always, political favours fall in every direction-except into the hands ofprinters. ]V. Y. Express.