PAGE FOUR . TIIE ,

THE CHARDOTTETOWN GUARDIAN llotes By The" flay

I alutloal. . r The Quebec meme was adopt. e4 W the Letialature of the Prov-

would it not be advisable to bring the Commit- tee's recommendations up to date, or frame new ones to suit present circumstances? The need for

PUBLIC FORUM

n-Copital Closeups

oiiiiricorrsrowrr oirrrioinir

Mornln Daily (Founded in i887) Authorized aa Second Clan Mail. loot Office Department. Ottawa.

President. [an A. Burnett; Vice-President, Win. It. Burnett; SecL-Trens. G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director. J. R. Burnett; Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than tire Weakest Ink."

sarunoav, silkworm-es. um

ll Lesson Worth Learning

The letter by Mr. A. F. Paterson, of Saint John, in today's Public Forum on how and why we became Canadians is well worth reading and studying. lt contains a great deal of Confed- eration history which unfortunately is riot to be found in our school textbooks, though this history is essential to the claims which w-e have made from time to time, and are still making, upon the Dominion Government.

Mr. Paterson brings clearly into focus one of the most important principles of our consti- tution, namely that we are a Confederation of Provinces, not directly‘ of peoples. This makes the Provinces the units for the mutual welfare cf which Canada is constituted to function, re- gardless of their respective populations. Canada, he points out, is the only such Federal union under the British Crown and its system of gov- ernment as defined in its constitution is unique.

We as the smallest Province of Canada should never forget this fact. We should never permit our elected representatives to forget it. As a full-fledged Province we have rights under Conefderation which have nothing whatever to do with our numerically insignificant represen- tation or population. These rights dre written into the bond, and when one studies the true facts about Confederation one realizes why this is so.

What is needed most of all is a campaign of education on this subjecL-education not only in the schools but among our educational and political leaders as well. Na man should be re- garded as being qualified for public office- certainly not as being qualified to represent us in Parliament-if he foils’ in this regard. Too often in the past, on the floor of both cham- bers at Ottawa, our case has gone by default for lack af informed and vigorous champion- ship. Need we ask then why Federal Govern- ments appear so indifferent to our interests? ln this respect at least the remedy is in our own hands.

Pennsylvania Too

The anticipated changeover from steam to diesel-electric locomotives will bring this Prov- ince into line with the most modern railway systems on the continent. So at least it would appear from‘a recent press despatch from Philadelphia, in which it is stated that the Pennsylvania Railroad, "declaring that it is keeping fully abreast of every modern develop- ment in all forms of motive power," has an- nounced that it is embarking on a thirty mil- lion dollar programme to replace its through- service fleet of coal-burning steam-powered engines with diesels. lt expects to place diesels in large-scale operation this year on its freight and passenger runs from Harrisburgh, Pa., to Chicago and St. Louis. With the new engines plus new coaches and sleepers, Pennsylvania railway officials predict that operating time should be "reduced markedly."

There is no reason why the same result should not be obtained here, though more im- portant will be the fact that the general effici- ency of the line will be improved“ and the ferrying of coal across the Strait for railway consumption greatly reduced. This is all un- official, of course; but it is something that is bound to come, and all the signs point to it coming speedily.

n. llnilefenrleil Border

Addressing o Toronto University audience recently External Affairs Minister St. Laurent sounded this sensible warning: "The easy-going, neighborly relatiiins between Canada and the United States will not be maintained without constant watchfulness. l do not soy this be- cause l think there is the slightest intention on either side to move away from the present happy state of our relations. l say it merely because even the simplest relations betw-een human be- ings require constructive action of bath parties. The relationship between a great and powerful lotion and its smaller neighbor is, at best, for from simple. It colls for constant and imagin- ative attention."

Commending this statement, the Ottawa Journal says there are people who, judging by their talk, would have it that Canadians and Americans have been a sort of anaemic lot who never had any differences and who are too good and placid arid compromising to ever have them. The truth-anyone who has ever studied the story of the British-Americon-Canadion triangle knows it-is that Canadians ogd Americans, descended from fighting breeds, have had lots of trouble, lots of differences, lots of quarrels. if they didn't aorrie to settling them by slrgot- ing, this within o century ‘or more or least, it wasn't because they weren't fighting mod at each other, but sinrpl because they had enough lllll to cool off and arrange things with com- droo sense ohd dihrrjty.

‘llooltelia trlsnrir j Wlioelroo mm of n» Advisory r...»-

r llvlctieri Committee appointed about two years my the ‘Ruvirreiel Gormrrmrtf

This Corn- more evelorrrlrrerreinmlm "M" ll

l reeled ' refer-rallies

e ion

Jot "inlet "i? '7" ""“

this was indicated recently by Premier Jon-es in referring to the terms of the proposed settle-

ment.

That seems to be what they are doing in

Manitoba. An important report dealing with

farm forestry and tree culture projects for the

non-forested regions of the Province has just been v ' d by the Post-War Reconstruction Committee of the Government of Manitoba.

The ISO-page printed book outlines a long- range program of forest development for the prairie and aspen grove areas of Manitoba. It was prepared by a Committee which included Profeisor J. H. Ellis, Soils Department, Uni- versity of Manitoba, who .octed as chairman; C. B. Gill, Chief, Forest Management, Depart- ment of Min-es and Naturc-l Resources; and Fro- fessor F. W. Brodrick, who served as secretary.

The report estimates that there are 1,339,- 000 acres of land in the prairie region of Mani- toba on which farm and community forests and woodlots could profitably be developed.‘

It deals extensively with the trees and shrubs which have been found suitable for the various soil types and moisture conditions throughout Manitoba, and discusses such top- ics as field shelterbelts, afforestation of sandy oreoz, rl-svrfrnmcnt of demonstration woodlots, and the use o.‘ trecs in combating the detri- mental effects of wind arid water erosion.

- EDITORIAL NOTES -

There is a great and growing demand for practical bricklayers in the Province. I i . I i

"All l knbw is what l read in the daily news- papers," said the late Will Rogers, and twelve million Canadians get most of their information from day to day in exactly the some way.

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Prince County and the Province is honou - ed in having Mr. MacNaught, M._ P., chosen to move the reply of the House of Commons to the Speech from the Throne. It may, too, be com- ing events casting their shadow before.

G

Robert Burns, Scottish poet, born this date i759: The tempest's howl, it soothes my soul, My griefs it seems to join; The leafless trees my fancy please, Their fate resembles mine. i

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Oh! wad some power the giftie gie us to hear our voice as others hear it. "When l first heard those bland and fruity sounds, that finicking and affected enunciation, that all too cultivated Oxford accent, I was appalled," writes Philosophe C. E. M. Joad. "l have never seen myself as others see me, but to hear myself as others hear me is a liberal and a mortifying self-education." -

one

Saint John formers on strike for increase in price of milk have decided to handle their own produce through a co-operative organization. Unanimous decision to take up the association's option and purchase Golden's Dairies, Saint John, was made at a meeting in Sussex of mem- bers of the Association of Milk producers and suppliers for the Saint John area. The purchase price was announced at $55,000, following the securing of an option on the Geldart plant. Mem- bers of the association went on strike Dec. l0 after the New Brunswick Dairy Products Com- mission had refused to order an increase from $3.40 to $3.75 per hundredweight of 3.8 milk, began shipping milk to Geldart's Dairies Sat- urday. Members of the association now are be- ing canvassed for the purchase of shares, which are set at $50.

O i

The British Foreign Office has issued a code of conduct for the guidance of officials serving abroad. A stern warning is given against recourse to the Divorce Courts in domestic en- tanglements, and solemn warning given as to other behaviour in foreign countries. ”WhiIe there are certain courses of conduct repre- hensive whatever the rank of the member," it recited solemnly, "in other cases conduct may be reprehensible if the member holds a high post, but less serious when the member is of junior status." The code suggests that mar- riage to a non-Briton "may well diminish an officer's utility as a British representative dbroad and may even result in there being no post in the foreign service to which he can properly be appointed." The cod-e bars for- eign service representaives from running for Parliament at home or taking outside jobs, warns that negligence with official documents is a "grave disciplinary offence" and tells wo- men diplomats they'd have to resign if they got married. The pay of these officials runs from 275 pounds to 3,500 pounds ($l,l00 to SN,- 000) a year.

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Evidently Lloyd George was presuming to be "horrified" when he told Dr. Murray Butler in l92l, that the British Dominions were prepared to desert the Mother Country for some unex- plained reason or other. Lloyd George was a "Little Englonder" by inclinations and choice, and probably when he was counting the cost and consequences of the war then recently concluded ho was prepared to cut adrift from the Dominions rather than the other way about. There con hardly be any doubt that Dr. Butler was record- ing what ho had been ‘told by Mr. Lloyd George, but the audition arises what ground or authority had he for "thfsecret" he divulged? it may be recalled that the great issue t that time was whether Britain should renew on offensive and defensive treaty with Japan. The United Stores was opposed, and Canada and Australia considered it would be o tactical blunder for the Mother Country to fly in the face of U. S. A. Canada especially, acting as the interpreter be- tween lrltoiri and U. S. A. strongly opposed the renewal of the Japanese Treaty, and this rrroy liege been for the incident reported by ‘Or.

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‘Dlll a PlIlYlV-‘Flg and n long comme-"c-

Wlsich ll bello- ill flit; . perity which no cm; cm ggyoy-gfcgl. hard ilmes a! l-Opulaz- prices? -—-Ed. mariton Journal.

“Vi: Lid 1|! t horse can be trained to fol lfavlng visited a race rleve ti!

I, like iheep, low a leader, track, a; i”. —Sa5kflt00n StBr-Plwénlx.

nitrite-as who. ln thd: innocence, rill? L§lll1l1y taken it for granggd .211. ‘Wllllfim Shakespeare was torn Bl Sauitford-an-Avcn and is there- fore‘ an Eirglishman, “m; some. who astonished to he,“ or a draw etc criticism which appeared 1n 7:1"? CSYlon Observer offer a native filyllmh-yulriuC-olcmbo had prformzd H Jlllllci.‘ Raiiasiiiglreets Hamiei" _ie (."llll(.‘lSlll ran, "sliovygd us how "gill We “We in lll'8ing that ham Efllfllsh actors should re restrained "m" mwmretlne ihe work of the ma” if"? "u"? the brass to claim {ls their national ycct. "Our p05“- 101i is ihat Shrikespcare was a, Cey. km“?- “ld llie lob of interpreting him is test done by his own qoun- trymen."

The Canadian climate makgg ilgillv‘ hilffalllfé Sivsdsctgeintist. Natur.

-' ~ l lll 1 ff. --1,q;. don Free Press. e o

ust

quick business trijp tobdiciliriulgdmmf ports that on the way liOme his Plane a-as held up {c1- some time at Shannon. Along about 3 am l1 PlPl-Ils-hot breakfast or new“ Qnfi ezlss W55 served t4, the pawns“; gévgllltf Elmo" and was Bratefully the led by lhcm. Hours later, when Ana liflnc “as well out over the ll it‘. a stewardess came by with gisigfivlld breakfast; this also cori- of bacon and eggs. and was somewhat less enthusiastically re. ilelved- The Dlline ELOpped off at ewmlllldlllild after several more “ml”- “ml the passengers we're ‘uffgreolegfllnw 1116 Blrport restaurant behind re m“ was shmm" brightly but b llem- and lhey were pained, m Y "<1 "Walls 5l-lfllrlstd to be "d H lhlhd breakfast of bacon and 688s. which few of the-m were able to choke down. —New Yorkgy,

Friend of ours

of"! "l" N llie best sort of Can- adian while speaking the Fygnqh l-WBUHBe and ontlffg pm 5011,, 3y 11hr; same IOlKCrlYIVOXIC-hlay be mp Jllfil- line of citizen if lie tins not

H! Flights! idea of the meaning 2Com? word ill "Alauettc". 1i yirould 16-31 If each irmuld learn the olher's il-"tlllage. but there l5 no reason why sillier lonzue Slwlild ever" disap- pear. In fact, this ivrould be 11 1035 from Which Canada could never re- cover. —Wi'iidsor Star.

l-"Y has been contained in T813015 of fotiliiics in Nahanni Vnllgy i e Wading llilblic of this comln t fl-Ylfl bflond will WfilCh Wllll kqn iiilcresl developments by Qxpg i- lions \s'hicli seek lo solve its mac- fibre riddle. Thirteen men arg- maid’ l0 “We Pfiflilled in ils nor-them BC-Yukon reaches. ihrce by decnp- nation. The suggestion of tropical vrgclziiloii and prcliistoriu aliiirralg, (ll MC-Ylliirl cave men, holspclrrgs. fab- u‘oii5 waterfalls and Sinister ermos. Dhcre combine to give it a weird illilieal for those of courage who wish to probe its secrets. Other slums of cola fumish an ltllClfll- iahlc encouragement to investigate llS unexplored territory. The pros. pcci is one 1o spur the imagination. whether or not the legends sur- rounding the country are justified. —ViCiOl‘ia Times.

The countryman has been a bit disturbed ovoi- the size of some at the billboards alc-ng the roads. Vilhen they hide whole mountain ranges he feels the time has come to take a stand. Now it looks as if the uliale problem i5 solved. Companies can have their bgllymrds painted on the sides of ihgblcck- long trucks that ramble over ihe raar-‘s. Lt the length of the trucks liivn increasing. a company can

1a] on one va". Burro-ms on wlrrcls! Ah, there's somcthmg. "Be a Glori- ous. Goigeous. Glamorous Go-Cet- 1m‘. Get your man with the Fatal. Fascinating. Fragrant. ‘fcap That Has llie Subtlg Score: of the Ages." Pcrliaps the pictures and legends could be changed hourly by rm automatic device A mush: box could play catchy ilnglez. That's 1t, singing commezciws, beautiful pic- tures prd sn my shgansoNo LBBSOD v.11)’ ou" lru" n"1'i reru- a double purpose. --WrIl Firect Journal.

'0 fear there iii n deep am. plot behfrd the statement of a Scottish r l'I‘. .s'c1' who so" ll‘C"8 ls evidence that the levcl of general intelli- gence or file SCOlllgh people is fnll- t-rg. sayg Tire Olle-wn Journal. Now lhls might be Just modesty. It might be a sort. of inverted pride. Or 1t cou'd come from the realiza- tion of our Search friends that in the conquest of such worlds no re- main open to them they should be dkcreei and subtle and Wllk softly. The Scot doesn't boast much; he leis his works speak for him. l-f may have a very large sham l ggvernment, in banking and billy mesa-in industry and the lea professions. t-ut. he ,wau‘d let ippegrr- that (hi; ls all more or lop incidental: that his rul canoe!!! ls with the Robert. Burns legend and tlre_ Boot’; traditional thrift apd the latest story‘ about Sandy epd his saving ways. Perhaps the Se to feel now that the'r euooese in n1 Ii- oglng the world's affair; lo beara- trig n bit ccrispfcuour- hence his subtle suggestion that really‘ they are. lcelrrg their grip. are - ins lees intelligent, lea ca e of running-tor iu our boob. our Iovernmentn. our ohurflteo, and our industries. They are e1 shrewd and far-sighted ccople and lilv’! lore a lane rrray with e style that-la ting oeton ‘ t i

an bu rineufarb etloet- ive: we lrel doubt that Lll%:" now an the were path. at

overtaken, if pemharwe they have

So much or u‘, gdygnnn-bmy‘, Sheep. Swine are all rublect to et- ruuzk and infection, but taken 1n

Thin column la open m the dlooruelon by my". lwllllflllfl of qaootlono of interest. The Charlottetown Guardian doea not necessar- lly endorae the oplnibn of correspondent:- _

KEEPING LIVESTOCK FIT

Sir..- There ere so many things about form vrork. and particularly about the be and-livestock at thla time of the ear. calling for at- tention, that it, is difficult for the farmer to keep up-tc-darte with evern thinking about what is ripe for Immediate attention, let alone actually attending to each chore, Llvcstock that have been confined lo enclosed quarters for llie past three months ci- more.— some of Whifili may not have been liousepl under vied-y oomlbrtable circum- Slfl-Iwesw- are almost sure to show, the affect of their djsodvqmgges in one ‘form or another. This can‘ be verified in ioo mapy lrlsltlllccs from their physical aondltlon. but, in Olller W885. the detect may not become apparent until 1t 1s too late, —D9l'h5Ds not until an increase of its kind occurs, 1f the animal; are being used for rte-production pur- @565.

In this latter event, preventative treatment is the surest remedy. and Wei/mils fiipflflfifice 01 the Stock- man the safest guide. Livestock tlfat show physical decline are easier to detect and there ls no excuse for a bad case, except that. the caretaker has failed in his ob- lltsfltioris, or the possibility of doing differently we; beyond his eomrol, Oommon ailments that often con- vert possible profits into probable losses infrequently of a minor nature, and preventable, or easily

already taken hold. There are. of course. external and internal par- asites that take o. lfflflflldflllg toll of animal feed, intended for anim- al emwrh. production. and ultimate profit. These affect all kinds of livestock arid- will certainly change the farmers‘ time into a dlrge if allowed to hold continuous s-rrey. There are remedies for all such all- mants, readily secured, and easily administered and neglect 1s the only answeri- for failure to do arm's dllty irr this respect.

Thorn again, there are wliai might l)? Called "lilddfll. or invisible all- menls." not so easily detected as to cause, but none the loss appar- ent. The good swckmans experience works wonders here on occasions. and he can often recoup such a potential loss. It may be a lack of mi-riemil. or using feed not properly balanced. or One of many reason: that must be fclTeted out and re- medied. Horses. Cattle, Poultry,

time 08x1 be redeemed to normal health and activity. S0 the good tanner will keep the“ things in mind and attend to them at the prflflcr ilnie. Otherwise, he ls not kfltnly alive to lLis own best. in- terests. Now, and for the next few weeks, is a gcod time to~attend l0 all your livestock needs. if you trope to linva early nurturing stock for a hungry market, 01‘ thrifty sturdy

replacements for your Breeding animals. I em, Sir, etc. - J. A. Gillies.

HOW AND WHY GANADIANS ARE CANADIANS $lX‘.—N0 do bt 1n no English speaking part. f the British Em- pire do t-he people know so little about the tiietoi-ical background of their native land as the peo- ple of the rltlme Province-o. Also it 1s a tr glc fact that the true history of the Origin and de- fined governmental nature and objectives of the Dominion of Canada has never been publrlii- ed under one cover‘ and is not taught in the schools of any Province, not. even in law schools. The first mention of the word Canada appears in Curtiers ac- count qof his visit to the St. Lawrence River in 1535, but his- torians are not in agreement re- garding its meaning. However it was subsequently adopted as the name of the territory which. is chiefly ln the St. Lawrence water- shed and thus llie inhabitants of that section became Canadians. That section was finally ceded to Britain 1n 178i, fifty years after Nova Scotla. Newfoundland and the Hudson's Bay territory were

linal‘y ceded lo Britain.

The political loaders of that St. Lawrence section under British rule and foi‘ . disclosed by records, were unable to success- fully govern their Province of Canada and that Province reach- ccl the verge nlrgovornmenia‘. and financial collapse and 0f being forced lnio the Unlicd Etates.

In 1864 some political leaders of the Province of Canada. un- invited. visited the Marltlrn

Provinces. which had beert wel governed "and were fer lh ad

vanoe of the Province of Oannd

economically end socially. an

they literally begged the people f the Maritime Provinces for hep to save their Province by agre - ing to arrange some kind of a union of the Provinces w among other things, would

the Province of Canada contl ii- ‘ouo aooesa to the Atlantic r on British territory and thua fee the Province of fined! “ being at the mercy of the Uni .ed