X W

rm! some . L - THE GUARDIAN

Anthorisud u Second cm. nun rue Office Department, Oftews. , The Island Guardian Publishing Co.

President and Associate Editor. Ian A. Burnett. Associate Editor, I-inns Walker.

CIRCULATION "Covers Prince Edward IsInnd:llke the dew"

"The strongest memory is weaker than the enkest ink".

CIIABLOTTETOWN. WEDNESDAY, FEB. 11. 1953

The Honours iii Scotland

A sequel to the Coronation ceremony in London will be Her Majesty's state visit to Scotland, which will extend from June 23 to 29. The most important event of this visit will be when Her Majesty attends a national service in St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. She has asked that the Hon- ours of Scotland-the Crown, the Sceptre and the Sword-should be carried to the Cathedral for the service and that the con- gregation should be representative of all parts of Scotland and all aspects of Scot- tish life.

The Ceremonial use of the Honours of Scotland is a rare occurrence. The last oc- casion was during the visit of King George IV to Edinburgh in 1822. When King Ed- ward VII visited Edinburgh Castle in 1903, and again on the occasion of the visit of King George and Queen Mary in 1911, the regalia was inspected in the Banqueting Hall of Edinburgh Castle. The Sword of State was also carried in 1911 before the King at the inauguration of the chapel of the order of the Thistle-the premier Order in Scotland, consisting of the sovereign and 16 knights.

The "Honours Three" of Scotland are in the Crown Room in Edinburgh Castle, (with other pieces of Scotlandis regalia) and each year they are seen by thousands of visitors. The Crown is ascribed to the reign of Robert the Bruce (1274-1329) out was re- modelled in its present form by order of King James V in 1540. The Sceptre was presented, along with a gold rose, by Pope Alexander VI to James IV in 1494. The Sword of State was presented by Pope .luiius II in 1507. As in 1822, so in 1953- the Honours will be carried by the premier knights of Scotland.

The Marketing Board Ruling

The implications of the Supreme Court of Canada ruling in the P. E. Island Potato Marketing Board case are still a matter of lively controversy among lawyers. The latest commentary on the subject appears in a recent issue of the Canadian Bar Re- view. The writer is Mr. J. B. Ballem, form- erly of the Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia and now a member of the law department of Imperial Oil, Ltd. He contends that although the Potato Board case is gratifying to those who advocate a greater legislative flexibility as between the Dominion and Provinces, it is "little less than bewildering" in the light of another decision by the Federal Court in a Nova Scotia, case. In the latter decision, legisla- tion by the Province that would have en- abled the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to delegate the provincial legislative juris- diction over certain matters dealing with employment in any work relating to the Dominion, as agent of the Province, was de- clared ultra vires. In the P. E. Island case the Federal Court overruled a decision of the Provincial Supreme Court declaring the setup of the Marketing Board to be uncon- stitutional on the ground that, as the Dominion could not directly delegate legis- lative functions to a Provincial Legislature, neither could it delegate such functions to a "mere agent" of the Legislature.

"The net result of the (Federal Court) decision," says Mr. Baiiem, "is the rather startling proposition that the Dominion can- not delegate to the provincial legislature but can delegate to a creature of the provincial legislature. . . . During the oral arguments the bench displayed a serene confidence that the Nova Scotia case did not apply to the case at bar. This confidence, however, was not reflected in the written opinions, which, without exception, reveal a lively anxiety on the part of each individual judge to justify the distinction so blithely drawn." ,

After discussing the concept of the Mar- keting Board's "legal entity" apart from the Provincial Legislatu e which created it and still oontrolsiit, an the "coincidence the- ory',' involved in the selection by the Domin- ion, of the saine five individuals as its ap- polntees. the writer goes on to quote Mr. Justice Rand's finding that "twin phantoms of this nature must, for practical purposes, ay to realistic necessities. . . . No of disruption of constitutive pro- to ures.or.fnistradon of provincial I , bdth Legislatures have recog- value of a single body to carry . though limited. administra- lhteeny time the Province

The delegation was, then,

!

its authority. effective." The result. Mr. Ballem concedes, "is consonant with both practical demands and sound legal, theory. It introduces an ele- ment of much needed flexibility into Cana- diani legislation and allows, the provinces and Dominion to work together and achieve greater legislative harmony. Its main legal tenet, that the provincial board may valid- ly act as the iagent” of the Dominion, is impeccable. The weaknesses in the rationale of the case are directly attributable to the necessity of circumventing the previous ad- judication of the Supreme Court in the Nova Scotia case. Attempts to distinguish between delegation to a Province and dele- gation to the agent of a Province led the Court into very dangerous and dubious ter- ritory. The arguments advanced to rein- force the distinction are,"with respect. wholly lacking in conviction and impart a: distressing air of artificiality. Probably! the strongest criticism that can be lodged! against the decision is that, in conjunction with the.Nova Scotia case, it amounts to at tacit permission to do indirectly what can-K not be done directly. This last criticism calls for the strictest and most searching rc- examination of the Nova Scotia case on its appeal to the Privy Council, which now rep- resents, ironically enough, the last avenue of escape from the preseht judicial im- passe."

Few more hideous word combinations have been concocted by scientists than that of "gamma globulin", a substance now about to be tested for its usefulness as a protection against paralytic poliomyelitis. A grant of 3567,000 from the Federal pub- lic health research funds has been allotted to buy special equipment needed to pre- pare an initial quantity, and production will be handled in Canada by the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories at Toronto. On the recommendation of a conference re- cently held under the chairmanship of the Federal Deputy Minister of Health, a stand- ing committee consisting of representatives of Provincial health and research institu- tions and medical schools is being formed. Its main function will be to keep constantly in touch with the polio situation and to en- sure the most effective distribution of the limited supply of gamma globulin which will be available.

If the substance proves effective in com- bating polio, perhaps someone will give it a more euphonious name.

EDITORIAL NO IES

gA dividend on Newfoundiand's entry into Confederation is now becoming available. Vitamin enriched flour and bread is making its appearance. Although compulsory in Newfoundland, however, it is merely per- missible in the other Provinces. .

O I 0

Ireland announces that a coal mine in County Tipperary is to be handed over to private enterprise this. week. The mine at present gives employment to 200 people and produces 600 tons of high quality anth- racite each week. Sale price is given as i'.50,000.

O Q I

British car sales to Canada in 1952, re- duced in the first 6 months due to Cana- dian credit restrictions, made a good re- covery in the second half-year, to reach a total of 21,330 worth about .1521 million for the year. 31,287 British cars were ship- ped to the U. S. A. in 1952. '

O 0 e

Somehow in the midst of all the de- velopment of science and the labour saving devices being introduced in every industry, it never occurred to us that the picture of ihe'oid country farmer spading and drying his winter's supply of peat, would. ever change. Today it is learned that a ma- chine has been developed which will cut and process 40,000 tons of peat briquettes a year.

I I I

Lord Joseph Lister, British surgeon; died this date 1912. He did research on muscle cells and discovered that the plain muscle cells of the iris regulates he size of the pupil of the eye, He also proved that am- monia in the blood is caused by disease but he owes his fame to applying Pasteuris the- ories to the practice of surgery, using car- bollc acid and other antiseptics to reduce the danger of infection.

I 0 O

-The Rt. Rev. Donald Marsh says the socialization of the Eskimo should be stop- ped. The baby bonus and old age pension is having the reverse effect on the welfare of these people. Other philosophers have noted that such is the general tendency, but safely predict. that as has already been the case in the nest of Canada, the demor1iliza.- tlon will not be accompanied by howls of complaint from the Eslilmo. -

i

THE GUARDIAN.

A(:Rl(UL hiluigrggltit

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discussion by wrrespomlcnts of questions of interest. The Guardian does not necessu- lly end the opinion of correspondents.

UNIONIZIID FOOD PRODUCERS

Sir.-Having in mind the saying ”It is never too late to do good", I believe that if we who are at- tempting to derive a. living from the soil, would discard all the theories and philosophies drilled into our minds in the past regard- ing organization we could obtain cost of production-Iplus, for the foods we produce.

It is merely wishful thinking on our part to continue support to farm organizations that have pro- duced to date a. leadership capable of paclfism only, when it, is com- mon knowledge that all organized classes (excepting agriqulturlsts) owe their material betterment to a policy of aggression. and in many cases to force.

Farmers can only be classed as "Jacks of all trades and masters of none". Therefore, if we should decide to organize along the same lines as other successful labor groups, it will be necessary that we distinguish ourselves by name, and as we are all producing food, why not be known for what we are? At. least. let us all hope that in the future we will be recognized as "unionized food producers of Canada.”

What sort of reasoning is a man guilty of when he encourages his own or another man's son, to pur- sue gamlbiing as an occupation? Yet not only farmers themselves, but our clergy, and businessmen, are alarmed because farmers” sons and daughters are no longer in- trigued by a. gamblers paradise, laherefore refuse to remain on the land, preferring the sane theory of having all their eggs in one basket in preference to many near empty.

The farmer who sold his hogs Thursday, January 15, received 25 cents; his neighbor sold fifteen hours later, received 25 cents: the same applies to potatoes sold in December at 32.35; February 'lth H35. Yet a. farmer with common sense knows he wasnit a better farmer than his nei bor because of receiving the hlghe' price. Only a lucky farmer who gambled.

After serving the masters of pacliism for twenty-five years, I am certain in my own reasoning that the Almighty will not per- form a miracle on behalf of those of us.enga.ged in producing food. Therefore I believe that it is im- perative that farmers adopt the identical principles and ethics of trade unions if we are ever to be- come equal partners in this great, free, North America.

I am. Sir. etc... R. E. CONNOLLY Dunstaffnage! - '4

Old Charlottetown (And r. x. r. n

'F1sHEBM'EN'S Ll.'(fK

From 0agood's "The. Maritime. Provinces: in Handbook For Trav- ellers," Boston, 1881:

"The sea-trout fishing in lh bays and harbors of Prince E - ward island. especially in June. when the fish first rfuh in from Itho Gulf. is really magnificent. They' average 3 to 5 pounds each. I found the best fishing at St. Peter's Bay, on the north side of the Island. about 28 miles from

Charlottetown. .1 there killed in one morning 16 trout, which weighed K) pounds. In the boys

and along the coasts of the Is- land they are token with the acer- let. fly. from A boat under-'eesy sail, with I tmackerel breese', and sometimes a heavy 'ground swoil.' The fly skips from wuvd to wave at the and of 30 yard: of Ilne.,snd then should be it nut 70 yards more on the reel. ft is splendid sport. as s Itronf fish will make

sometimes a long run. and give 2:"

Potato Experiments

(Saint John Telegraph-Journal) A few years ago there was a

agricultural world when two new blight.-resistant type: of potato were developed in New Bruns- wick. The "Keswick" and "Como". as they were called, promised a new era of comparative freedom from an affliction which had plagued farmers fields periodical- ly and had caused great economic loss. Nowhere in Canada did the news attract more enthusiastic attention than in New Brunswick, for potatoes are by far our most important agricultural crop.

But the Keswlck and Canso, which are being distributed more widely as seed with each succes- sive planting season, do not rep- resent the uitimate in potato re- search. We were reminded of this the other day when an official of the Dominion Experimental Sta- tion told an agricultural gagin- ing that New Brunswick po ato growers could look forward to the early introduction of still more new varieties.

Tests in potato breeding and cultivation go on ceaselessly at the Dominion Experimental Farm in this province, where all potato research in Canada is concen- trated. The scientists are always striving for something closer to perfection-new strains which will combine the ultimate in resis- tance to various plant diseases with desirable horticultural and marketing features such as eating quality and yield.

Thousands of potato seedlings are being developed under a con- tinuous progrnm, the breeding work being done in greenhouses at Fredericton under controlled conditions while the seedlings are propagated at the station's farm at Alma, Albert County, a site chosen because it is remote from

most commercial potato fields and accordingly isolated from the danger of disease infection

while the stock is being increased.

These research projects, which exchange information and experi- ence reguinrly with similar agri- cultural laboratorlcs in the U. 3,. England and elsewhere, nscrve a valuable purpose in the steady progress of the potato-growing in- dustry. A

36o .AI:x.o.a-,-ca4&co-&ov

The Age-Old Story

'm- e fzG0x&O0-r&266kft-GOsQ-up Finnliy, my hreI'hrcn, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same. things to you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe . . For we are the circumcision, which worship God In the spirit, and re- loice in Christ Jesus, nmli have no confidence in the flesh. Thpugh 1 might. also have confidence in the flesh. If any other man Ihlnkclh that he hath whereof he might trust In the flenhl I more. . . .

great flurry of interest in the ,

THE CHILD IN THE GARDEN

when to the garden of untroubled thought 1 came of late, and new the open

door,

And wished again to enter, and ex- plore

The sweet, wild ways with stainless bloom lnwrought.

And boweru of innocence with beautygfreught.

It seemed some purer voloo must speak before

I dared to tread that guden loved of yore,

That Eden lost. unknown and found unsought.

Then just within the gate I new 1

child,- A stranger-child, yet. to my heart

moat deo.r,--

Who held his hands to me and softly smiled .

with eyes that knew no shade of sin or fear;

"Come in," he said, "end play

awhile with me; ,1 am bthe little child you used to e...

-Henry Von Dykc.

Acadian Pioneers

(Ottawa Citizen)

A new memorial at Pubnlco near Yarmouth, N. S.. is a reminder that European settlement in the Maritime: had begun as early as colonization in the St. Lawrence Valley. Though development of the two French regions was closely parallel, the Acadlans might claim to have been the pioneers. But. now that Newfoundland is a province of Canada, some of its islanders may be able to show descent from settlers in 16th cen- iury British hamlets, making French-speaking Canadians com- parative newcomers.

The Tadoussac trading post was established in 1599. and Champlain founded Quebec in IGOBJ but no oxen drew plows through the soil of the St. Lawrence Valley until after 1625. Meantime Champlain, with De Mann and Poutrlncourt, had built the habitation at. Port

If variety is the spice of life, Ottawnna should be happy over their recent iweethor fan .- rang- ing from eu.h-sero temperatures to rm to Arctic winds within ,the s e of a couple of days. - Ot- tdwn , Oitizcn.

Cu-elcesneee with firearms is an offence that seems to be alto- gether too common. especislly when the danger attending the use of gum is so very obvious, and so widely known. And xit seems insignificant that the most num- erous reports of accidents result- ing from the misuse of guns, con- cern the popular .22 low-calibre rifles so often used by youngsters. -Owen Sound Sun-Times.

University of California scien-

ills the saying thlt 1 heavy eater "cats like 3. horse.” According to lthe savsnts. a horse consumes far lies: food. relatively. than u hu- ,man. In the course of a year, Dob-

bin may eat only eight or nine cite

times his weight of food. An adult human, on the other hand, cats 18 times his weight in the same time. -- Kitchener-Waterloo Rec- lord.

There is I. gentlnn who fre- quently visita our street at about 1 e.. m.. sits in his car and leans on the horn button. Perhaps he is picking up a fellow worker for e night-shift job; perhaps this is just. his mating call. We don't know. We wish him no serious harm, of course - but we would rather enjoy locking him in A telephon booth in company with a couple of diesel horns, and set- ting than to playing chopsticks. -Hunilton spectator.

In New York Mn. Pride Each- man. aged 79. has just graduated from high school. and in Califor- nia, Mr. John B. Ely, aged 88. is graduating from John Muir Col- lege. This doesn't mean they were no backward t.hey'epent. their lives at school. ms. Bcckmnn, who come Dom Germany six years ago. wished to graduate from an Amer- ican school. Mr. Ely”: education was interrupted many years ago. but he never lost the desire to learn more and now he intends go- ing after his Ph. D. Most people regard education as s prepara- tion for life, and it is. But it is much more than that. It is a pleas- ure and satisfaction in itself, and

memorial bring: the Acndlnn story up to date, for the local branch of the Canadian Legion has placed on it a plaque bearing the names of Acadians who died in two

world wars. After their e ulsion from Nova Scotia. in the ddle of the 18th

century, many cadians returned from, exile in for places, though others remained in Louisiana. Their descendants today are a large element in the populations of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Is- land, and especially New Bruns- wick. An in permanent colony, the Acadinns probably took root a lit- tle earlier than did settlement in

list: have exploded a base canard found to be a great reader. 3 long directed at Old Dobbin. It degree (as Stephen Leacock won):

FEBRUARY 11,, 1953

T '20-taco-a.u.;csL

the desire to gain more known is not restricted to the young ' there were special schools , lrlndmotheis and grandfather; i attend it might be surprising"). I many would enroll.-Windsor 5.3

A book to msny people is not treasure, perhaps to be C3,gn' about in a. big pocket, and 3,," whenever a moment, Ihay be 1-01.: It is not something to be 1g,',k” forward to when the day's no--kg done. It seems. rather, Somcthju that costs more than it is uonnhg and then has to be dusted :0. ,h' rest of one's life. Perhaps, 3. ml part. of the trouble is that Nam: America suffers from too nu.-ch education and too little love or literature. It is a bitter truth that I. university graduate is not on.-,,

say) certifies that he need read .1. more. Ills chore is done. Th, school bell has rung, with 1” graduauoiln I-he IWIK vacation ii'UllI.1 book! begins. - Monti-nnl G-17,.

To one of the sutonmbile ngen. cles within sight of the brewe.,. warehouse on North May came a man who said he was intcrcstcri in buying a new car. He was allow. ed to take A demonstration model out by himself to try it out. An hour later he brought the car back said it was not quite what 1.; wanted. What the prospective rm. tamer did not know. was that W, agency man had spotted him dr.r. ins the car to the brewery tram. house, loading is with beer, and driving off, presumably to 11;, home. It was one Way of "Fa'.',rxLv" a taxicab fare. - Fort wjtam Times Journal.