l1 l: .

. w,

1

i

FEBRUARY 1s. lass

Ci-"QR FA

1 THE CHARLOTTETOWN dUARDIAN

RMERS, STOCK BREEDERS A

‘ii-w

PAGE FIVE i

ND_ GARDNERS l1”

NEWS Y

NOTES

Illfllflflsl

aqusrlolv or runs

>§.vl£ 1:011‘

' 0n February 12th the difference . tween the apparent. solar day 11nd the mean solar day jg 14 minutes, 24 seconds. This state- 1111°111i19quires some explhnation, and it will make the explanation @111“ 11111 wit our purpose better if we.adopt the ideas of the m- clents (of which our censes “(m1 ‘n “P11319111 Proof) and consider the earth as fixed. Bo the gun _ seems to rise, travels higher and higher into the sky, "souths" (thgt is, reaches its highest altitude). 3111311. and sets. Tile interval oi time between two consecutive 101111111185" ls known as the appu- Ont solar day. For AQUEOUS which we need not consider here, the ap- Pm-‘nt 1°11" day is sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, if meag- ured by clock-seconds; and s; 1t "d" from fly to day it is not regarded as a convenient unit of time.

If, however, the lengths of all

. e apparent solar days in the y,“ 119 "d?! Wsether we obtain an in- terval or time which is always the "111°- 01' We may take it another WBY. thus: the length o: the yep;- as measured by the sun, divided by the number of days in the yegp. will give an interval of time which is always the same. Such an aver- age interval is called the mean solar day. . _'Aciockiss. machineso con. Itriwiod new mark uniform time in such s. fashion that tn, length W the clock-day must be the aver- IIQ 0f lll the solar days lathe Year. Clock time then is the same as mean time. 1

As the sun-dial depends on the Inherent progress of the sun across the htevflil. its time will partake of the irregularities of the "appap. out solar, day." On Feb. 12th, then, whon the clock strikes l2 noon, the tun-dial will read 11 hours, 46 111111111”. v84 seconds. The sun is slow»

‘Fills is not the greatest differ. llice in the course of the year. On November 4th the sun is fast 16

, nutes, 22 seconds. It must be ~ e in mind that these differ- ences are gradual accumulations, and that four times in the year moi-ii 1a. June is, Sept. 1 and Dec. as) the clock and the sun- dili agree. All these figures vary- though very sllghtly—from year to

There is another kind oi time, sidorel-l (or star) time. Very little observation will show that the fixed stars also rise. "south." and let. It will be found that the time which elapscs between two success- lve southings oi any star at any time of the year is always the lame. This invariable interval con-

Jtitutes the sidemal day.

CANDLEMAS DAY

The amount oi weather wisdom which has gathered round Candle- Inas Day (Feb. 2nd) ls surprising; there being more proverbs (in the Old Country) relating to this fes-

Qal than to any other day i.ii the ‘, ole year. Owing to the alteration oi the style (that is, the reforma- tion of the calmdar), the inter- pretation of seine of this wisdom ls uncertain. The old "County Al- lnlnack" of 1676 says: "Foul weather-is no news; Hail, rain and snow,

Are now expected, and Iisteemed no woe. Nay. ‘til an omen bad.

lrhe second day-” If Phoebus shows his face The second dya."

Which is to say that if the sun silines on the second day of Fen- ruary, old style, (our present 14th), It is a bad sign. The atormier the day the better for the farmer. W_a must always bear in mind, when considering old weather lore, that the British Parliament enacted that the day following the 2nd oi Sep-

the 14th oi that month, ans 311 lllblefillfllt 111W Put forward in accordance.

J-Icre are a few ssylnge hqg hound up to any date: "All the months in the year Curse a fair Februeer."

“If February gives much snow

A fine summer it doth ioreshadow." And one of my earliest recollec-

tions is: _

‘fFebruary fill dyke, be it black or

be it white: But if it be white it's better to

like." , 114631111! that it is better to see the ditches (dykes) filled with

snow than with rain. But weather

prophets often disagree, as we see

by the following rhyme:

"Well, Duncombe, how will be the weather?

Sir, it looks cloudy altogether,

And coming across Houghton Green

I ntclilied and talked with old Bill Beans;

Whilst we stood there, sir, old Jan Bwaine

Went by and said he knowed

‘twouid rain;

The next that came was gaffer Tunt, .

And he declared he knowed it wouldn't;

And then I met with Farmer Blow,

He plainly said he didn't know;

Bo, sir, when doctors disagree,

Who's to decide it-you or me?"

FARM NAMES

It is an evidence oi growing taste (to use that word in the in- tellectual sense) when we find that the farms oi Canada are acquiring individual. names, usually indicat- ing elegance and character. The writer once lived in a farmhouse known as Maple Vale, which was a. very picturesque place, and it is said that there are a few other farms in the province which are distinguished by names, though not as many as there should be. In the Old Country the custom is univer- sal, but the names are not always in good task. ‘This might happen if the farm had been named in old English or even in Anglo-Saxon times, when the language was un- couth; or in more recent times ii the proprietor had no appropriate sense oi artistic elegance. The writer's ancestors had lived for sev- cralgenerations on a farm called Stab House, so called in early Eng- lish times from some stumps which must have been a prominent fea- ture where the house was built. Not far away was Carrmyers, which does not sound so objectionable, though it might be translated as Muddy-swamp farml One might suppose that Unthank Farm was not all that it should have been. but the name 1n rnediaeval times only meant that the tenant, for some reason, took the land with- out -paying lent or giving service. Newblggen and Botel were com- mon farm-names, the former meaning “new building" and the latter coming from Hotel, Anglo- Baxosi for s. house. "Shields" or "Shield" is also common and might be rendered cabin or shack, not a1- together an attractive name for a farm. But the farmer's imagination was not working well when he named his farm Bebastopoll Other ou-‘ositics-monstroslties if you like it better-are to be found in the names Glororum. when“. D111‘ nety, Thundercod, Bprcsts, Yont- tha-Cleugh, Dyrah. Belah, Click- emin BPl-rtyles. and Noah's Ari! These all have s. meaning and doubtless ‘ ‘- all right in the good old times, but they are now considered “horrible examples" oi what to avoid. a pretty. descriptive name is now looked upon as a sort of intangible asset to s mm. and jg o! some importance when adver- tising its products.

ODDS AND ENDS

as it were. luau-t. a museum of degenerated organs which have outlived their usefulness. The vcr- mifcrm appendix is one which will spring to mind first: it has for long been s source oi trouble. Some oth. er relics of our remote ancestors have a more amusing side. One o; my schoolmates used to excite the envy oi his associates by "W38- sling" his ears; it is possible that. the power to do this is Commoner than we suppose. We all, I tlllnk, r the muscles underlying the ears but generally they are gtm. phled from ages oi disilsc. Another classmate had a singular ability of drawing down his scalp till the edge of his hair almost touched his eyebrows. It gave him a fiendish kind of look. I have seen a monkey contort its face in the same fash. ion when teased. I had almost for- gotten to mention that many per- sons have a decided point or pro- jection on the upper rim of the ear. which naturalists call the "Darwinian tubercle," and which is supposed to have come down from the time when primitive man was more or less “prick-eared." Two or three of my school mates were able to “dislocate" their thumbs; the digits in question were made to take on an angular, broken-backed form. This feat, as far as one could judge, had nothing to do with any vestigial remains.

Creosoted fence-posts-A neigh- bor in talking over last week's "Note" on preserving fence posts, asked for details of the creosote system. I was able to give him some inionnation derived from ex- periments conducted in the U. B. A. 1t was found that posts of any kind oi wood treated with creosote at a cost oi ii cents per post, lasted 2t) years. The cost of cutting and setting posts is the same no mat- ter whether they are cedar, "junip- er" (larch) or spruce, so after all their real cost will depend on their durability when set in the ground.

The posts must be seasoned, and the bark peeled off. It is a good at this stage, for drainage. Then idea to bevel the tops oi the poets hot creosote for one hour, and af- the butts are placed in a. tank of terwards transferred to c. bath oi cold creosote for two hours. The cold hath causes a deeper penetra- tion oi the chemical. Eome use crude oil for the first bath to save expense. The results are about the same.

As posts rot off at or near ground level, the treated portion must be sufficient to allow six inches oi creosotsd wood above the surface of the earth.

Mechanized Farming-‘Tls but a little while since the benefits of mechanized or "collective" farming were painted in glowing Colors by economists and would-be econom- ists here and in other countries. This was the only way to keep down overhead and produce a prof- it on the crop. Obviously their dc- ductions were based on the Russian experiment, but something has Bone wrong with that much vaunt- ed plan and no figures have been given out for the past two years. Another sign oi a hitch is that the peasants who work the collect- ive farms are being "decanted" to other places, just as happened in the old feudal times. (If my read- ers would realize just what that means they will find it described in Charles Reades "Cloister and Hearth") The officials oi the Birmingham Bureau of Research now report famine conditions in Russia.

On the other hand a British farm paper points out a remarkable de- flux from the city to the country in the United States. In a new pioneering movement. families are getting out on to the land again, where every member can help to extract a living from the kindly old earth: they will have to "scratc " and scratch hard, for a year or two but there should always be plenty to eat, and that is no small thing these times. Individual farming brings the greatest good to - the greatest number, and so paradoxic- ally enough, is in line ‘with the so-

tcmber, 1m.‘ “ “ be

Protecting The Fruit Trees

(Experiments! Farms Note)

Although the sdvioc to protect

fruit trees from mice and rabbits during the winter months has o!- ten been given by the Blperimentll rai-lmottewe. to those iiavins young trees, the warning cannot be given too often that if trees are left, unprotected one may find his trees girdled in the spring and in- jured beyond . very, or else so much injured that they have rt- ceived a severe set back. One should consider protection from mice and rabbits as an insurance. and not neglect taking the prof!" precaution to» prevent injury which may occur any winter. ‘The mlceusually work along the surface of the soil, under the snow, ii there is any, and attack the bark oi the treeclose to the ground. The rabbits on the other hand, work on top oi the snow and it can be readily seen that. if the snow is two feet or more deep, tile-re ehouls be enough of tile tree protected above the snow that the rabbits cannot reach the unpro- tected parts. Little or no injury has been experienced st,Ottawa where the trees are protected legu- larly.

The trees may be protected with llwspapers, white building paper or with wire protectors. The advant- age of the first is that it is the Cheflbeot. but it is good for only one winter. The advantage oi the wire protector is that it will last for geveral years if it is painted or 8111111111896. but it is the most ex- Densive method st first. Whatever Protection is used, it should be brought close to the ground with.

around the base to prevent mice setting under. Ii rabbit, are not troublesome the paper or wire need not be more than eighteen inches in helgh-t, but where there are rab- bits, three feet is none too high. If one falls to put the protectors around, tho next best plan is tn 111-11111 snow around the base oi the tree after the first good snow- storm. which will do much. to keep the mice away from the tree. some cow manure but around the base just before winter will. when flo- zen, help bc keep them away, but 11 15 11951 1'41 81W protection shortly before winter.

Many preparations to be put Q (file trees to keep off rabbits have 11¢"! 11106. but mmt of these are not sufficiently durable to last the winter. The most promising one that is known is the following:

Repellent for rabbits: Take one quart oi linseed oil (either boiled or raw) and heat it to 4'10 degrees F. outdoors where no fires will be started by accident, because the oil may foam over. Use a container five times as large ls the volume cf oil. Use a thermotneter to de. termine temperature. When 470 degrees is reached set the contain- " "my from the fire and imme- diately [dd flowers of

preferably. h little soil thrown up:

Horse‘ Memoirs

‘(U-lllfifils)

OLYDES CONTINUED

_ C. E. MlicKeilzie

From about 1885 down the im- bortatlcsw of Clydesdale! was gen- eral in 1888. lvir. J. .1. Findley im- lwrtfd Hepburn Clyde. this horse was uses in Southern Kings Ana not a few of our earlier horses trace back to Hepburn Clyde, I am not 111111 1° illve you his breeding but 1911111111581‘ of seeing this horse and 11 111°111°Ty serves me rightly he was 1‘- 111091)’ iumed bay of medium size well silitcd to the districts which he served.

About the same time the late A. N. Large, Charlottetown, imported 9111111113 A 1-. a very low set horse that was an asset to the draft breed in Queens County.

General Burnett, a horse import- ed to Prince Edward Island in‘ the 1111MB was a good stock horse whoge 0011s sold well. l-le too was a bay cf medium size being a 8Tiindson oi the noted "Darnley" whom he fe- scmbled very much. His sire was one oi the best known horses cf his time in Scotland.

T101811. a splendid specimen of the booed was imported by Mr. W. B. Robertson o! Charlottetown and l11‘0vcd a good stock horse but un- fortunately for his own/er and the province, he perished in a fire on the south side oi Kent Street where the Massey Harrie building now stands. Trojans best known son was MaoGlII, whose dam was e, daught- er of MacG-rcgor, imported, if I mistake not, by the late Franklin Bovyer of Bulilblny. MsoGili left 11111-11? typical upstanding colts. ‘Vio- tm- oi Gocdwood." s. son oi Victor, C111“- Wvlchlng over twenty one hundred-pounds was imported by my good friend David Reid, Victoria Cross. and was later owned by the late M. A. White, Girahams Road. Victor produced many splendid colts that were characteristic Ciydes upstanding with that splendid clean flat bone that moices g, reel cart horse. Mr. Reid, who ls still all en- thuslastic horseman has done much to improve the draft horse industry in Kings county, also imported Cas- per, a grand son oi Prince of wales. and. “Casper Agadn," both splendid specimens of‘ the bleed. Both tlleee horses left many nicely turned colts that hcttcd their owners good money. Aliloilg other horses brought to the Province were Woodend chief and others I am unable to name, but Mr. Reid is keeping up the good work, and I am told that his latest lmpoltation js a ocal black French Canadian colt that looks like a real horse. wigtown Hero, s son of Topknot. Cralgmore by Oralgmore Damley, a. son of old Damiey and "Cilarmlng Lad" a son of Lord Charming, who traces on both mother and sirels side to Prince of Wales were imported t0 the Province by the Department of- Agrioulture and sold, the former going to Mr. Charles Quigley, St. Peters for the st. Peters Horse So-

while the’ oil 1g very hot. Addthe Sulphur a tsaspooniul at s. time and stir the oil thoroughly after "$11 tefl-filioonful. Add three ounces of the sulphur to each quart of oil. After the sulphur has all been add- ed the liquid should be black hnd thick. Avoid getting it on the cloth- ing because of the smell. which is persistent. It can be washed off the hands with soap and water or dissolved by gasoline.

This thick sulionated oil is about the right consistency to paint on ttree trunks. Paint the trunk liber- 11111’ to about two fee; above the snow line: The trunks should be dry when the oil is applied This should stay on all winter. but a second painting towards spring may be desirable.

8A CKAC” "W? 0mm who the / Liver sndnfiisvnsys ‘st-femurs I‘. f: l . I7 I ll §

‘BY GEORGE i IT'S TIME a PUI sanity .- i a '-

_ Do not be disturbed

ifyou suddenly realize you have allowed your coal supply to dwlndlc. We can provide yin: with the very best, ai reasonable prices, and on quick delivery.

"The Maximum of

Heat"

By George MCMilllllfi

Darnley, owned by Mr. Robert Mac‘

111E14- CPii-iglliolx: remaining in Queens County and Charming Lad suing to tile late Archibald Fer- | 2118011. Sunlmcrfleid. All thrcs of thwt horses were gOOd stock horses that improved the industry 1h their P9599911": districts. ' "Bl-irgic Royal" a son of Royal Gallant. u-as imported by the late John Richards, and was on a par with the best Clydcs coming in cgn- ada. His best known son was Royal

The New Issue

of

ISLAND TELEPHONE w DIRECTORY

ls Now Being Prepared

horses.

horse,

Kinley. North River, whose daught- er. Owned by Mr. George Owen, Warren Grove, was so many times a winner in her class OJ/Ulll‘ pro- vincial show.

MacQucen. a son ‘of Queens Own.

1111l>0r1ed by Messrs Stanley and Home was as the Scotsman would 511i! I- "BTiI-nd horse" that proved i1 success as a breeding horse. Honesty iva-i a splendid type of tile Clydes- dale bleed that was inspected by Bedeqlle parties and did many years 0i g00d service in Prince and North- ern Queens Counties. He was a son 0i Prince o.’ Cowal who in turn was sired by His Royal Highness Crown Rightsfanother importation of the dellarirlnent oi Agriculture, was bred by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, be- ing a son oi Monigrave Kenneth, and whose dam was a daughter oi the famed MacGi-egor, proved a valuable asset to the Clydesdale in- dustry here, thLs horse with his many sons sired malw splendid drafts-ls.

together

Lord Dalinany imported and own-

ed by the late P. B. Brown, Char- lottetown, was another horse typi- cal oi the breed. Donald, by Search- light, was. it‘ I mistake not owned at Eldon. I do not know much about his breeding or his suocem as a breeding horse.

Gcldrindci- or Serlus was brought

out from Scotland by Messrs Stock- man and MacMillan and proved s useful horse.

Hercules, a roan eiired by Sir Angus

and breeding directly to Prince of Wales was a splendid horse although was not lollg in the stud proved a success. Royal Stevenson was another nicely turned horse, a son of Hugo, who did service for s. short time in this Province, and 19ft a numiber of good colts. Reformer was imported by Hon. Frank Hearts together with a number of females whose descendants were good stock a. son of Mcniicrlfle lvlarquls" a grand 50h 0! Prince oi Wales.

‘Fllorlldhle, a Son of High Holler. by Hiawatha was imported by Mr- Janles Rlopcr stud service here for a number 0! years.

who

Reformer was

and did

Agressor ivzis a 1101M:

many tlilles a. prilzc ivimler.

successful

brought here by Ml". John Tweedy. Ems- clifie. Baron Kelvin. a son of that grand, horse Barons Pride was im- ported to Prince Edward Island by the late John Rllhilfds and was a worthy son of a woflhy 5111‘. b01118 This horse proved a silccess as a stock his colts being consistent