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PAGE 6

It Will And It Won't

According to Canada's new de- fense minister, Hon. Paul Hellyer, a nuclear agreement with the United States, which the Pearson govern- ment is pledged to make without delay, will be a “permissive agree- ment" which would not commit Canada “to anything." Under this kind of agreement, he explained in a television broadcast the other night, “we don’t bind ourselves to any specific action."

Mr. Hellyer expects that the agreement he was discussing will be signed in about a month’s time and that the nuclear warheads would be made available to Cana- dian forces six months after that at a maximum.

This leaves us rather confused. We were under the impression that Mr. Hellyer and his leader, Mr. Pearson, had geen denouncing the Diefenbaker Government for not honoring some kind of specific commitment it had made with re- spect to nuclear warheads. They made it clear that our national honor was involved, somehow or other. Mr. Diefenbaker had insisted there was no such commitment, and that Canada was free to decide the matter as it saw fit, in the light of changing circumstances and con- (litions. His own defense minister, Mr. Harkness, deserted him on this issue, maintaining that there was a commitment to be honored.

Now we hear no more about commitments but about a “permis- sive agreement" which won’t com- mit us to anythingat all. Yet it is to be a custody-and-control agree- ment that is to be signed, which seems to imply something less vague than that. Perhaps to mili- tary pundits this is all as clear as crystal. We confess to being incap- able of making any sense out of it.

Adenauer's Last Battle A major political battle is re-

ported to be shaping up this week in West Germany. Chancellor Aden- auer has been campaigning to keep his No. 2 man, Dr. Ludwig Erhard, from taking over as leader, and has undertaken what may be his last fight for political life. A powerful faction of the governing Christian Democratic Union is planning to force an immediate end to the party's long, damaging controversy over a successor to the 87-year-old chancellor. If their plans succeed, Vice Chancellor E rhard will be named Chancellor-designate with a mandate to take office in July.

When he returned last week from a month’s vacation in Italy, Chancellor Adenauer publicly prom- ised that he would ask to retire in October or November. But he quick- ly made it plain that he is not ready to step down yet. As chancellor and as party chairman, he is expected to use all his influence in an at- tempt to stall off a fight over his successor. ,

Other party leaders, however, are concerned lest their organization will tear itself apart. The two local elections of the past two months-— Berlin and the Rhincland-Palatinate Jew—have set the Christian Demo-

' to back. Uncertainty over the fitnre leadership was one of the 1' m. Nor are the prospects much I tter filth! next local vote, sched- ' for May 19 in Lower Saxony. "v' In the last few days an loci-eas- iiumbas' of Christian Democratic W omitted themedvea ID support Dr. Erhard, who is

Is a still powerful rearguard "pre- pared to do battle for Dr. Adenauer. Its tactics would be to delay a final decision to allow time to build up the candidacy of Foreign Minister Gerhard Schroder.

Many West Germans credit Dr. Erhard with their country’s recov- ery from the chaos of World War II. But Dr. Adenauer says Erhard has “no talent for politics”. Ad- mittedly his own long tenure of power is nearing its end; but the dismaying aspects of his last months is that the succession struggle has blurred the nation's image abroad and muted its voice.

With Adenauer sure to go and his successor still uncertain, every allied statesman automatically dis- counts any “authoritative” state- ment of West German policy. For- tunately, however, there seems no doubt that whoever may become the next Chancellor the country will remain firmly committed to the Atlantic alliance and to a construc- tive role in the Western community.

Italian Markei Prospects

There should be an excellent market for Canadian potatoes in Italy for most of 1963. This we learn from a Department of Trade and Commerce publication, “For- eign Trade”, which notes that the Italian market for Canadian goods has expanded and continues to ex- pand. The market for Canadian wood products, pulp and lumber is expected to maintain the substan- tial gains made last year.

More, we note that the mnge of products shipped from Canada has broadened and that prosperity should create new openings for goods that Canada has never before sold to Italy. Preliminary reports from the Dominion Bureau of Statistics show that our exports there rose in 1962 by 10 per cent over 1961, reaching a record $74.5 million. This was particularly en- couraging in face of a very large drop in exports of wheat, Canada's traditional best seller to Italy. Wheat sales dropped from first to third place because of a record har- vest in Italy and in Europe as a whole, and this trend may continue through 1963.

Italy is not, and has not been for many years an easy market in which to sell manufactured goods. These goods account for approxi- mately 90 per cent of all Italian ex- ports by valuc, and this proportion has been growing in recent years. As incomes continue to rise, how- ever, there will be opportunities for Canadian manufacturers to par- ticipate in the general prosperity of the country, perhaps by providing goods the demand for which is not sufficient to stimulate local pro- duction, and certainly through sale of products incorporating Canadian designs and skills.

But we were intrigued especial- ly by that note about the “excellent market for potatoes” offered by the Italian market this year. and pass the good news along for the en- couragement of all concerned.

Hit By Mechanizalion

Census figures for the Republic of Eire covering the 1956-61 period are disturbing to all who have the country's interest at heart. In spite of strenuous efforts to establish new industries, there has been a steady population decline. The rural areas, especially in the west, show the greatest decline. The census in- dicates a total drop of nearly 80,000 between 1956 and 1961, from 2,- 898,264 to 2,818,341.

Seemingly, the increased mech- anization of farms has meant that despite greater production fewer workers are 11 ee' d ed. Emigration continues at the rate of 40,000 a year. Certain western districts have declined by as much as 50 per cent. Besides the drift to Great Britain, the people from the rural areas crowd into the towns, especially into Dublin. Nearly half the total popula- tion is in the Leinster area, the majority in Dublin City, where there are 50,000 more women than men.

The solution of the farming— and population—problem lies prob- ably in the development of some form of agricultural cooperation, with larger holdings and more ef- ficient operation. Efforts are being made along these lines, and one can only hope that they will prove suc- cessful in the end. Meanwhile. it is a painful period of readjustment.

OLD CHARLOTTETOWN’

The old drill shed overlooking Government Pond about 1880 Copied by Oraswell Portrait Studio

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson Mystery Squeeze Play Puzzles Newsmen

"Did Diefenbaker step down, or was he pushed?"

That is the question teasing the lunchtime speculators in Ot- tawa's historic Rideau Club. There. from the windows of the

d floor lounge. politicians and political followers can look across the once - again green lawns, to the distinctive upreach of the Peace Tower which broods over the unpeaceful scene beneath.

. m e no mistake about this. Parliament Hill is not a dull place. The disappointment is that one cannot be in all three widely - separated rings at the same time. to see all the day-by- day story of history in the mak- ing. The history books of tomor- row will have a lot to say about the political events of 1962-1963.

fter this month's election. some people feared and others hoped that the Conservat i v e Prime Minister would remain in office.

v MINORITY UNCERTAINTY

One prominent Liberal h e r e deplored that Dicfenbaker might cling to office. until Parliament assembled and administered a defeat to him. “That would waste two more months in which th is essential affairs of government would be deferred."

Others hoped, not that he would “glue together a Cabinet from his shattered remains," as one cynic said, but that he would seize the oppportunity to build a powerful multi - party govern- ment able to provide the rough tough non - partisan policies which Canada needs today. Top politicians from other parties. perhaps even from all partie 5, would willingly serve in the na- tional interest in a truly work- ing cabinet. with John Diefcn- baker continuing as prime min- lster, It was being suggested.

This latter course seemed pos- sible to the hopefuls. and was admitted as practicable by the fearfuls. For the simple arith- metic was that Conservatives plus Social Crediters plus New Democrat: hold 135 seats. to the Liberals 1 0

But then the mystery squeeze play broke upon Ottawa. Six Social Crediters apparently no- tified the Governor General that they would support a Pearson

government. That tipped the scale to Liberals 136 votes, the rest m

Next. three of those Social

Creditors denounced that notifi- cation: they had been misled; they withdrew the promise of support which had only “appar- ently” been made by them per- son - . The balance did not change. although the margin did: Pear- son 13 votes in the Commons, the test 132. Those simple math- ematics proclaimed the decisive fact of a majority In support of Liberal Leader “ lke" Pear- “all as Prime Minister of Can-

a.

UNSEEN THIRD RING

The 13th Prime Minister len- dered his resignation to the Gov- ernor General at his sick bed. As he walked out. through th e crowd of waitng Journalists, there followed this highly signi- ficant exchange, for the text of which I am indebted to the CBC: longtime parliamentary commentator. the experienced Tom Earle. and his tape-record- er:

Earle: "Sir. did you make any recommendations to the Gover- IIOI'mC'IOIICI'Bl about your succes-

Diefenbaker: "I don't think I can answer that. What passes between the Governor General and his Prime Minister cannot be revealed. But certainly there is no necessity of any Indication being given In that regard. The three S o c i at Credit Members having determined to give their vote to r. Pearson would give larid provide him with a major- ” ..

Thus the outgoing Prime Miri- lstei- frankly admitted that he had been pushed off the throne by those three Social Creditors.

Even a Prime Minister cannot be in three widely - separated

at the-aim time. la did

not know that, at that very mo- ment when he resigned. the three Social Credit Memb e r s were announcing in their caucus, less than one mile away, that they too were withdrawing their

"apparent" promise of support for 8 Pearson government. That tipped back the arithmetic to its first figure, but only after tip- ping a Prime Minister off hi s throne.

Bollons In Space Probes

National Geographic Society

The oldest ,slowest. and clums- iest of aircraft has quietly soar- ed into pnciminonce as a ver- satile space explorer, both manned and unmanned.

At launch sites from Texas to Alaska. high-flying balloons are probing the upper atmosphere. bringing back valuable data on astrophysics. meteorology, and aemmedicine.

Two scientists recently rode a plastic-skinned balloon 15 miles into the sky to study the appearance of stairs at that height. They also recorded star sounds which, when played back. suggested an empty coal truck rattling along a bumpy oad.

i1

SKY SPIES

A balloon lifted a remote- controlled telescopic camera to 80.000 . for unprecedented solor photographs of sunspots; another carried equipment up 77.000 feet for man's cleanest look at Mars.

A giant balloon transported a rocket 100.000 feet up. then launched it into a 2,700-mile flight through space.

The Echo satellite balloon served as relay station for coast-tocoast television.

Balloons first probed the earth's uppermost atmosphere. On November 11. 1935. Ex- plorer II, a joint effort of the National Geographic Society and the U.S. Army Air Corps, carried two Ail-my fliers to 72.395 feet. a record for man‘s farthest aloft that remained un- broken for 21 years.

The present record for a manned balloon is 21% miles. set in May, 1961, by two Navy men. .

Balloons have certain advam rages over jets and rockets. They are relatively cheaper to oper and often can be re-

covered. can lift men

and instruments to the tines- m .

hold of space 8 remain for hours. Just they pioneered the

path to the stratosphere. bal- loons were man's first practical means of flight. As far back as the 13th century, Roger Bacon theorized that a hollow globe filled with “ethereal air or liquid fire” would float upward.

It was not until 1783, how- ever, that the Montgolfier bro- thers of France first sent aloft a large linen bag filled with hot air and smoke from a straw fire. The Frenchmen believed that some mysterious vapor peculiar to burning stnaw was necessary to lift the bag. realiz- ing only later that heated air was actual force. FIRST AERIAL BOMBING

History's first aerial bombing r-aid occurred in 1849 when Austrians attacked Venice with

'b<carry'ing balloons. Though few Venetians wene killed. de- moralization was rife. uning the Civil War. the

North directed ground gunfire by balloons. The South petal- iated with a rainbow-hired bal- loon made from the silk dresses a

losing a single vessel to sub- marine attack.

Today. the United States Navy is experimenting with hot-air balloons for lifting equipment across silver-s or ml:

was even

in a over Cincinnati in 1874.

Loos Sinks To Its Death

Montreal Gazette

One of two things Is likely to happen in Laos: either a new and precarious balance will be reached between the factions: orthe Communist element with North Vietnamese and Chinese support,

it fires of civil war burning again as they were a year ago.

The Geneva agreement of last year was supposed to lead without delay to two important. results. A loose coalition gov- er . of Com- munist, neutralist and pro-Wes- tern elements was to be set up. And all foreign troops, under the supervision of an Interna- tional Control Commission (of which Canada is a member), were to be rapidly withdrawn.

NOT WITHDRAWN

The coalition government was established. and still exists. The United States withdrew its military advisers. But the North Vietnamese. and apparently el- ao the Chinese. who had. aided the Communist faction. remain- ed In Laos.

They were not withdrawn, and may even have been in- creased in number. The Inter- national Control Commission was denied the right to exer- cise supervision in the Com- munist controlled area

The result or these develop- ments has a shift In the balance of power within Laos. The non-Commlst elements

It appears that the Commun- lata aaa mt ta win complete

control of Laos any time they

wish. They are

and best sup

tion. They are the least scrupu-

lous and have broken the Gen-

:lya agreement when It auited em

There seems to be little stan- ding in their way but their own sense of timing, the ef ct of the one Russia and China known factor. Russia may feel that stability in Laos is In its Interest. not because a any af— fection for Laos, but because

prepared to throw Its prestige Into the scales. and oppose fur»

ther Communist advances that

are not in its Interest. the slow death of Laos may be brought iii) an abrupt. and final conclu- a on.

SEEK MEETING

OTTAWA (Cpl—A conference to work out negotiation ltd arbitration procedures for fed- eral civil servants was re- quested Tueaday by the Civil Service Association of Canada in a letter to Prime Mini Pearson. J. C. Best. president

association. recalled h the letter that Mr. Pearson last year had indicated support for arbitration machinery in nego- tlatlona between the government and the tour civil service on- ganlaatlons.

I

Our Yesterday 3

(From the Guardian ) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO

April 1988

orbes '1‘. Rhude of Vancou~ ver, Manager of the Canadian Press on the Pacific t. ar-

Cons rived iii Charlottetown Ia at week to visit his mother. .

P

tar. Mrs. T.G. Ives.

The Farquhar Steamship Company Ltd. of Halifax, NS. has awarded _ a contract

to place a ferry on the propos- ed route between Wood Island in this province and some point on the Nova Scotia mainland. at or near Caribou.

TEN YEARS AGO

April 25. 1953

Wing Commander L.C. Dil- worth. DFC. officer command- ing the Air Navigation School at the RCAF Station. Summer- side will be in command when three Lancaster aircraft take off Monday for two weeks in the Arctic. On such trips one flight is usually made overthe North Pole.

The RCAF has announced that LAC H.W. Acorn. of Char- lottetown, P.E.I. has been sel- ected as a member of the RCAF Coronation Contingent. LAC A c o rn is at present sta- tioned at RCAF Sta Sum- merside. where be Is engaged as Safety Equipment tech- nlcian.

fled I

TO THE ISLAND FARMER A square of Island earth It

young. A little kingdom that endures Throughout the years of war and hate, The sore unrest beyond your ate

g . Creation touched. with humble

pri e. The acres where you now reside, And sweet seclusion keeps an

arm _ About this place you call a farm. Is it mere chance you are en-

owed To dwell beyond the noisy crowd And learn to know the blessed

worth

0! this. your square of Island earth?

You own a square of Island soil

And know the dignity of toll,

The self - respect that lets you stan

A little taller on the land

That makes you just as rich as the

3' Who have their millions stashed awa

y.

You may look on the folk who ess

In garish garments of success.

But something in your heart re- calls

The honoured touch of overalls. There on your square of Island

earth. f Contentment measures out your

worth. —S. BARLOW BIRD. Freetown, P.E.I.

HAS TRADE PROBLEM

The imbalance of trade be- tween New Zealand and Aus- tralia is a problem to New Zealand. which in 1961 exported $32,700,000 to Australia but im- ported $141.000,000.

NOTES BY

THE WAY“

"I left a bottle of Scotch Iii the train thls’mornliig." "W a a it turned Into the lost and bound department?" “No, but the fel- low who fund it was"—Sar- nia Observer.

If you can. a little lliie iii the ocean, you'll lose a day. Crossing one on the highway. you're ant to lose all the rest of your days. —- Chatham. News.

“Are you really content to spend your life walking about the country begging?" a house- wife asked a young bum. “No, lady." answered the tramp, “I often wish I had a car." —Mont- re ar.

Told that her teenage boy was having difficulty with readin g and writing, his mother appear- ed unconc e rs e d. “It really doesn’t matter," she said, “he’ll always be ve a secretary." -- Vancouver Province.

Oite man says that between his wife dyeing her hair black and his daughter coloring hers grey. it's hard to keep the fam- ily straight. — Orillia Packet and Times.