Pe

_.___Afrieans,_demands—independence as

npsnamarieniveho

' this subject are

be so wide as to be alarming.

PAGE 4 TUESDAY, DEC.

Toward Self-Government The British Government is moving steadily ahead in clearing up the | “eolonial mess in Kenya. Seven years ago an anti-white society among the Kikuyu tribe, calling itself the Mau Mau, erupted in terror and violence. Before the movement could be con- trolled, 16,600 persons were killed, wounded or executed. Drastic action had to be taken in: crushing this

revolt, and it was only gradually

that the emergency restrictions could be lifged. :

’ Now the Macmillan Government has taken two major steps to restore normalcy. The so-called White High- lands (16,000 square miles), long re- stricted to white ownership, are to be opened to competent individual farmers of all races. This is expected to remove a prime cause of African discontent. In addition, some 3,000 prisoners are being released and free- fiom of travel and permission to or- ganize political parties_has been re- stored.

The next Kenya chapter will be written next year when a constitut- jonal conference is scheduled for Lon- don. Four parties are planning to send delegates. The United Party re- presents “older settlers” and favors © white supremacy in white-held areas.

“Two centre groups favor-“gradual- ism’, with independance delayed for

~t0 to 25~years. The Independence

Movement party, led by prominent

soon as possible.

These divergent claims emphasize

the difficulty in reaching agreement. Nevertheless, under enlightened lead- ership the conference may prove to be a milestone toward self-govern- ment in Kenya and other African colonies which are striving for in- ‘dependence.

Price Spreads & Farm Costs

Among the highlights of the re- port of the Royal Commission on Price Spreads, issued yesterday, was the statement that increasing farm productivity has forced down returns to farmers. But the consumer hasn’t always gained. This is clearly indicat- ed by the fact that while the retail food price index rose 20 per cent in the ten years 1949-58, the cost of marketing food from farmers to con- sumer rose 84 per cent in the same period. This widening price spread was, of course, the basic reason for the Commission’s appointment. Its inquiry may prove valuable in many respects, but it does little to solve the farmer’s problems, beyond recom- mending féderal incorporation of far- mers’ co-operatives to assist co-ops to move further into the food dis- tribution field.

‘ The problems of modern farm economy are, of course, only inciden- ta] to the price spreads inquiry; but they loom large in this agricultural

Province. A large proportion of our }

consumer population consists of far- mers, and it is not in the food in- dustry alone that prices have risen sharply in recent years. Statistics on farm cash income and operating costs tell only a partial story; often they do no‘ include \what might be termed self-incurred costs.

Some ‘interesting comments on

Daily Star, which points out that with rural electrification even in such a Province as Ontario, where hydro- electric power is cheap, there are at- tendant additional costs. The cosis increase the day the farmer pushes the switch in his home or barn; yet his farm may be producing no more in the way of cash income. It may be argued that the use of electricity reduces costs; but before this reduct- ion becomes noticeable the farmer must purchase electrical equipment,

_ appliances and electric-powered mach-

inery. His cash income must be in- creased to pay off these costs. If weather and market conditions are not in his favor the gap between cash income and operating costs can

‘

ade in the Sudbury , been appointed a

boon to farmers because of the man-

power hours that are saved. But when does the cash benefit begin? After the tractor and tractor-drawn im- plements are paid off. As a continuing operating cost there are repairs’and - replacements to pay for, not to speak of oil and gasoline. a In the changed farm economy large numbers of farm housewives no longer bake their bread or make but- ter. These are just two items of cost added to farm expenditures. Most

bile. Because of mechanization it may be necessary to buy commercial fer- tilizer. Also in order to provide bal- anced rations to increase productivity the farmer buys feed instead of feed- ing only what he grows on his farm. Reduction of the price spread _on foodstuffs will certainly heip the farmer as well as the urban consumer, but the problem goes deep- er than merely reducing merchandiz- ing costs. There is need for drastic tariff reduction on what the farmer and fisherman have to buy, if these basic producers are to be kept in pro- | fitable employment and enabled to compete in outside markets. Gains at their expense will not help the con- sumer in the long run, and that is precisely what every tariff boost on textiles, machinery and other farm requirements really means.

Good Training School

announced the appointments recently of 14 Parliamentary secretaries he made an important stipulation. Under Liberal regime, few Parliamentary aides were ever dropped from the list unless they went on to a Cabinet appointment, or indicated a desire to quit for health or other reasons. Mr. Diefenbaker, hgwever, was at pains to emphasize that the new ap- pointments were for one year only. He has never made any secret of his hope that the office of Parliamentary secretary should be used as a kind of training ground for the talent of Conservative backbenchers. It is un- derstood that he would like to have as many of his Parliamentary sup- porters as possible exposed to this kind of training. -

farmers now have a family automa

When Prime Minister Diefenbaker

- This does not necessarily -mean

ALL AFTER MORE CAKE

AT THE UN.

Presidential Prospects.

By Patrick Nicholson

NEW YORK—Twelve months from now, the electors of the United States will choose a new President, to succeed ex-General “Ike’’ Eisenhower, who is not el- igible to _run for a third four- year termrin the White House.

With both parties courting. the non-political saldier, he twice won handsomely on the Republican tic- ket, which is roughty comnarable to our Progressive Conservatives. Yet now he has to try to imple- ment his policies in the face of an adverse Congress, a situation which cannot happen under our

more realistic parliamentary sys--

tem.

The professional politicans in the Republican camp believe they have a winner in Vice-President Richard Nixon, the 46 year old Quaker from California.

Sports-loving Nixon spent four student years sitting on the sub- stitutes bench on the-edge of his college football field. He has al- ready warmed the —substitutes bench outside the White House for seven years, hoping for the ele- vation which would automatically follow the once-feared death or re- tirement of Ike. Next. year he hopes to win in his own_ right, but- it more-likely--to. perpetuate his football failure.

and demonstrated immense vot- er-2ppeal by unseating the Demo- cratic Governor of New York State, Averell Harriman. He has not yet expressed his intention, but he is now actively testing the- temperature of the water prior to plunging into the attempt i, Secnenee his $50,000 a year |job as Governor for the $100,000 ‘a year job as President. ©

Before becoming chief execu- tive of the most populous State— with a population approaching Ca- nada’s, thriving in an area match- ing Newfoundland island—the 51 year o'd Bantist with the famous name had wide-administrative ex- perience in Washington. He ser- | ved as assistant-Seeretary of State under Roosevelt: as special: as- sistant tq President Fisenhower; as under-secretary of Health, Ed- ucation and Welfare.

He is now seizing every epper-— tunity to deliver a major speech:

Best Filtering : System Of All

Herman -N, Bundesen, M.D. | MANY of the

the!

essential one. In fact, without it you can’t live, because the ‘kid- neys are the only organs that can do the job. |

STRAIN. WASTE PRODUCTS These filters strain waste pro- ducts out of the blood. The waste, in turn, is dissolved in water. This mixture of water and solids is removed from the body as urine. ' If an illness should knock out this filtering process, the waste products cannot be removed. These wastes accumulate and cause symptoms of chronic Bright’s disease, or hephritis. Bright'y disease and nephritis, you see, actually are different -names for the same illness.

AFFECTS MEMBKANES

The disease, whatever you want to call it, affects the deli- cate membranes of the kidney’s filtering units. If the attack is acute, it does even more dum- age than this. Tnen it also at- tacks the tiny blood vessels throughout the body, causing wa- ter to leak out into the tissues.

This generally produces the typical symptoms of Bright's dis- ease, puffy flesh around the eyes and swelling around the ankles. and other portions of the body. The condition is caused by ac- cumulation of the leaking fluids.

SERIOUS CONDITION

Although the condition is pain- | less, it is serious, since both the heart and kidneys may be dam- aged. Usually the heart is not in- jured badly, but the inflamma- tion of the kedneys can be ex- tremely severe.

Sometimes the initial attack causes death within munths or even weeks.

Fortunately, however, most cases of acute nephritis heal completely. There is no lasting Gamage to the kidneys or to any other part of the body and the patient remains free from subse- auent attacks for the rest of his ’ life. i. . HARD TO TELL

But -it is not always easy to tell which way the aisease is go- ing to turn. Sometimes the doc- tor can’t tell for some six months after the first attack whether re- covery will be complete.

Since nephritis is more apt to

that there will be a complete turn- over annually. No doubt those who show promise will be kept busy as ~ Parliamentary secretaries until they are ready for more important respon- sibilities. Those who seem to lack tal- ent or interest in the required degree will, presumably, be quietly sidelined.

EDITORAL NOTES

Premier Frost has announced the appointment of a well-known Mari- timer as chairman of the board of governors of the New York Univer- sity of Toronto. He is Hon. Robert Winters, former Public Works Min- ister in the St. Laurent Government and now president of Rio Tinto Min- ing Company of Canada Ltd.

Oo * *

Justice Minister Fulton said in Quebec that a “new charter of fed- eral provincial fiscal relations will be established” at the next federal- provincial conference on the revis- ion of the present tax agreemen's in 1962. That, coincidentally, is likely to be the year in which the next fed- ‘eral general election will be called.

- aa *

Of much*interest to scholars is the discovery, in a monastry in west- ern Macedonia, of a Greek lexicon, or dictionary, compiled by Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople, during the ninth century. Photios is known to have had access to a number of writers whose works have been lost, _and his book will enrich knowledge of ancient “Greek | literature: -

: a * -

A leading Canadian scholar has been chosen by the British Govern- ment for service to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. He is Professor Donald G. Creighton, chair- man of the history department of the University of Toronto, who has member of the Monckton*Commission to study the political setup of the Federation, preparatory to the Governmeént’s scheduled review of the federal con-

stitution next autumn. * * *

-

Politicians are the best dressed group of men in Britain, according to London’s Wholesale Clothing Manufacturers’ Association. Its ex- pert members found Prime Minister Macmillan conducting his recent campaign in clothes of “a casual dis- tinction,” somewhat in the Edward- ian manner, and the elegant fur hat he wore to Moscow became a major asset. Even Mr. Hugh Gait- skell appeared on the hustings Jook- ing more like a prosperous barrister than the spokesman for Laboy’s dock

‘Mechanization is heralded asa ' ;

ie Ae fl eit

workers and ‘coal miners,

‘

Many tiberats inthe TiS. _be- lieve that \the success of Demo- rats running for Congress last year forecasts a Democrat as Pre- sident in 1969. Responsible Demo- crats hope that Adlai Stevenson. famous as the “‘egg-head”’ licked by Ike, will carry and triumph under their party banner. A close second to him \is Senator John Kennedy, controversial as a Ro- man Catholic, able as a campaign- er.

REPUBLICANS COULD WIN But the distant race is very much open, both as to partv and as to candidates. Even Demo- crats admit that a “progressive” Republican could triumph across the U.S.A. in 1960, just as a Pro- gressive Tory swept one oppos- ing party to disaster and two to destruction across Canada in 1953.

- U.S. Coast

National Geographic Society

The nation’s beaches are only a temporary gift from nature. | and engineers are hard pressed | to keep tide and temnest from! sweeping them back into the} sea.

The sea Is gobbling un gold. tn | effect, at resorts where ocean: | front property is worth millions | of dollars a mile. The menace to the seashore industry is particul- arly acute on the coasts of New Jersey, Lont Island, Massachus- etts, and Florida, according to the Beach Erosion Board of the Army Corps of Engineers.

TAKING CAPE MAY

Cape May, the ponular resort | at New Jersey's southern ‘tin. tas! lost hundreds of feet of seafront | in places. People swim where houses stood and gardens bloom- ed. Some dwellings have been moved inland three times. Unless the erosion is stopped, town of- ficials say, the present site of Cape May will lie under water in -another 25 years.

Fire Island, the long sand spit that protects the southern shore of Long Island, fights a constant battle against the encroachment of the Atlantic. In an effort to build up wind-resistant barriers of sand, the islanders have ‘‘seed-

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus

sion by correspondents of question c.

interest. The Guardian does not resem

sarily et.‘orse the opinion of corres pondents.

OVERSEAS FRIENDS

Sir,—Some cf your ex-service and other readers might like to hear again frem friends here whose whereabouts they do not know.

A scheme is working to help bring about such contacts, and a leaflet giving details will be sent to any ‘reader. :

Enquiries from Canada are welcome, and some have 2lready been received, several relating to friands of the 1914-13 war.

I am, Sir, %'c., VW. L. SMITH, 118 North: Read,

He is not the darling of the vo- ters; but he is the choice of the |‘ old pros’, which may well be

the kiss of death. Edie

As a member of the House Un- American Activities Committee 10 years ago, his enthusiasm so far outran his prudence that many Democrats today bitterly recall how he virtually smeared their party as Communists. This would prevent him attracting many cross-over votes in the pre- sidential election. --

THE PEOPLE’ CHOICE Recently a dark horse has come forward as a possible runner in the White House stakes. This is a very personable and obvious!y competent working politician, Ne!- son Rockefeller, who last year bucked the strong Democratic tide

| slowly forward.

Preston, Lancashi. +, England.

ine Losses

ed” the eroding dunes with every- thing from junked automobiles to sacks of empty beer cans. -

UNIQUE PROBLEM

Virginia has a unique problem related to the erosion of its Po- tomac banks. As Maryland owns the Potomac River to the low- water mark on the Virginia side, the latter’s boundary recedes as the neighboring State's creeps

Loss of beaches is not peculiar to the East\ Coast. The sea has virtually reclaimed Oregon's Bay- ocean Peninsula. Point Barrow, Alaska, the Nation’s northern- most soil, is shrinking southward. Studies are being made of the disappearance of beaches, farm acres, and marshlands on the Great Lakes. 4

From man's point of view, the struggle to save the beaches has a vastly discouraging aspect. Erosion is normal. Sinee the for- mation cf oceans and lakes in early geological eras, shore lines

to expectant audiences he is throwing out some statesmanlike and thought-provoking ideas, hint- ing that this is not the time for

yourself from -this disease.

QUESTION AND ANSWER Mrs. W.:S.: How can a woman

ithe leader of the West to “‘have more of the same", in govern- ment, I, enjoyed hearing his per- | suasive argument in favour of a Pan-American Economic Union— “he eventually inevitable bargain jing lever against the European Common Market, and the logical | | stabilizer of Latin-American un- rest’’, ; His charm is undeniable, his ; |platform manner winning. Rocke- 'fellek the Baptist may well prove

|to be the Diefenbaker of the Uni- |ted States. Many Republicans are growing confident that with him, ibut only with him, they could iwin the 1960 elections.

beaches remain more or less the same, there is an unusual bal- ance between nature's give and take of sand. ‘

UNSATISFACTORY

Some years ago, communities countered the sea’s advance main- ly by building sea walls, dredg- ing inlets, or erecting groins, breakwaters, and jetties. In many cases, the structures not only failed to sto» erosion; they inter- fered with the supply of littoral drift to adjacent strancs.

Now it is accepied that a wide, sloping beach, built up artificial- ly if necessary, is the best de- fence against the elements. The buffer of sand deadons the force of waves before they reach ¢cunes or bluffs. The surest way of fight- ing erosion, in the oninion of. the | Beach Erosion Board, is to re- place the beach material that na- ture removes. :

Under Federal law, the Army Engineers and Beach Erosion Board have the responsibility of studying the problem and devis- ing effective means cf mecting it. Federal aid is available to State

and local agencies for up to one-

!

have changed constantly, Where

third of construction costs.

\

Until very recently, it wes an accepted rule that ‘nations which wanted to experiment with new weapons did so on their own terri- tory. The United States, for ex- ample, exploded its nuclear wea- pons in Nevada or on U-S.-occu- pied islands in the Pacific; while the corresponding Russian tests apparently took plece in Siberia. As a result, the hazards involved —leaving aside the question of fallout — were confined to the:

ountry responsible.

The development of intercontin- ental ballistic missiles has brought a disturbing change. Be- cause of the distances these wea- pons cover in flight, it has scem- ingly been found impossible to test them within national bound- aries, however extensive. As a result, the practice has grown up of testfiring them over the open ocean. The United States for s2v- eral years has operated a “range” in the Atlantic extending from Cape Cenaveral to Ascen- sion Island, not far from St. Hel- ena.

Now the Soviet Union appears to be developing a similar range in the Pacific. In a recent dis- patch from Tekyo, Globe and

Mail Correspondent William Stev-'

Missiles And The Law

Globe And Mail, Torento

enson noted Japanese revorts that missiles fired from Siberia had ‘been seen to fpll in the waters north of Midway Island,

VERY HIGH-HANDED

There is something very high- handed abcut this appropriation of the high seas by the two Great Powers for their miliary experi- ments. Even when ‘unarmed,” there giant missiles, with their weight and speed and their load of highly explosive fuels, are deadiy weapons; while the danger is multiplied a thousandfold if they are fired with nuclear war- heads. No doubt precautions are taken, but it is quite possible that a ship or aircreft traveling in the “target area’ may be struck by a descending ICBM—#m which case it would probably he de- stroyed with everyone on board.

There is also the problem of the missile which goes off cour- se. In Decomber, 1956, for exam- ple, a U.S. Snark aimed at As- cension Islend, veered to the west awd jlanded in Brazil. Fortunate ly, it fell in an uninhabited jungle, but it might just as readily have crashed in the middle of Rio de

Janeiro.

| can become pregnant?

| assured, it has been learned, as

who menstruates every 28 days figure when she is fertile and

Answer: Ordinarily ten days to one week pricr to menstruation is the most fertile period in the | menstrual cycle.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Dec. 1, 1934)

he arrual St. Andrew’s night dinner, vrder the auspices of the €aledo:ten Club, was held in the Canadizn National Hotel la sty evening. when about 80 guests at- tended. The newly installed pres- ident, Walter R. Shaw, presided. A sprig of heather breugat trcm Scotland by Mrs. James Paton and Mrs. Samuel MacDonald was placed at the plate of each guest.

Mr. and Mrs. Erskine Haywood were given a surprise party on Thursday evening in their new home on Winter Sireet, when a number of friends called to give them a hearty welcome. Mrs. Clifford Bundy read the address and a gift was presented by Mrs. J.R. Hunter.

TEN YEARS AGO (Dec. 1, 1949) A band for Summerside fs now

the result of a decision taken at an executive meeting of the Summerside Branch of the Can- adian Legion Monday evening. A sum sufficient was voted to pur- chase instruments and get the organization underway.

Mayor J.F. Arnett of Summer- side, has called a public meeting

new for any special rules of in- ternational law to have grown up around them. It is however, a basic principle-that ships of all countries have the right to travel the high seas upon their lewful business, and that in time of peace no nation is entitled to in- terfere with them.

CORFU CHANNEL CASE

Perhaps the most recent illus- tration of this rule was the Corfu Channel incident in 1946. The Government of Albania placed a minefield in a recognized imnier- national waterway, and two Bri- tish destroyers struck mines and suffered damage and casualties, : The International Court of Jus- tice subsequently held that Al- bania had committed .a wrongful act and shou'd compensate Bri- tain. The, same principle would surely apply to the case of a ship or aircraft struck by a U.S. or Russien ICBM — and eyen more strong!y to the landing of one of these weapons on the territory of one of a third country.

An award cof damages, how- ever, is inadequate compensa- tion after dives have been lost. The matter should be brought before the United Nations before a tragedy occurs. The UN recent- ly debated the French Govern- ment’s decision to explode an atom bomb in the Sahara — which is, after all, its own terri- tery. There is even more justi- fication for sa international pro

N

Kingdom

sulted in the gi of a

crop of apples. pa po Sa porters in the Ann ° nagan Valleys might well shriek! —Ottawa Journal -

Both interests and gov- ernment are anxious that max!- mum economic use be made of the St. Lawrence Seaway. But this doesn’t. include rescuing vessels trapped ad the ice;-except for a substan ‘fee.—Ottawa Journal

Twenty-two ces out of the Ca- nadian sales dollar go for direct manufacturing wages and 1.6 cents go for fringe benefits, wich are indirect wages. Forty - six - and - a- half cents go for materials a com- pany_buys to make its products. Few people stop to figure out that the material's cost, in its turn, is largely wages which have been paid to other manufacturing om- ployees, farmers, woodsmen, fish- ermen, miners, transportaticn, storage and trade workers for their contribution to the final pro- duct.—Industry

‘foc Corner,

THIS FRIEND OF MINE He may not be a tiller of the earth, He may not plant a garden or a tree, : But he has cultivated happiness And tickled roots of humor deep | in me. wi

He may not know the science of the soil :

But in the field of laughter he is. king!

When he has passed the corner where I live,

Festoons of smiles and gaiety still cling

“ ae shoots of merriment he eft

The_day before. No, he may not define :

The elements that make a cab- bage large, ,

But he has learned-to live, this friend of mine.

i

He may not know the touch of plow or spade,

But he has held a moment in his

occur during cold: weather, YH| ‘palin . tipe—i and—fashi tall : quent column-on how to protect reflect .

The sparkle and contentment in- its calm.

His talent may not lift the wilted sprig,

But they revive the spirit and transmit

The waves of buoyancy that emanate

From his true mastery of a bub- bling wit.

I know his eyes would be the last to see

The lambent glow that, somehow,

OTES BY THE

in design, Is halo cast from gems of hap- | piness | -And is of him a part—this friend | of mine.

S. Barlow Bird Freetown, P.E.I.

{ of citizens at the High School | Friday night to discuss the ques- | tion of a new artificial ice rink | and community centre for the} town. A full report of the citi- | zens’ committee will be given at | the meeting and it is hoped that some way will be found to bring the matter to a successful con- clusion.

MAXIMS

To forget a wrong is the best revenge.

SLIPPERS |

SOFT AND COZY IN NEW COMFORT STYLES

MAKE HAPPY GIFTS FOR YOU AT

Sheen & Maclinnis

Your Family Shoe Store 282 Water St. Dial 8091 SUMMERSIDE

.

WAY

In 1907, horsedrawn vehicle ved through New York streets at an average rate of 11.5

an average of six m.p.h. a the.day isn’t too far off when itll — be quicker for a man to park his — car at the city’s outskirts and take a fast horse in to work. — Hamilton Spectator.

r on |

‘The quotation, “Cleanliness s\ indeed next to godliness,” occur- — red in a sermon on dress, prea- ched by Rev. John Wesley twe centuries ago. Today it is usually shortened to ‘‘Cleanliness is next to godliness.” Be that as it may, it has a somewhat different ap- plication in the oyster industry. In Norfolk, Virginia, tne other day an oysterman was fined $1,- 009 for washing his product too long—Galt Reporter. :

Have you ever had a chance to look into the book carried by your meter men? Such was my luck the other day when I visited the water and light commission office. The notes at the bottom of each customer’s ,page were . most interesting. . .““The dog's name is Fido’ .. .“The key to the door is in the eavestrough” .. .“Be careful not to let the cat out” . . .and others. (Oh, for the life of a meter man!) — Sun Prairie Star - Countryman

Experts have tested samples of war-surplus ammunition sold in a number of city stores and have found it to be faulty and extreme- ly dangerous. A customer ret aan tex @ dee cca claiming that they were faulty... Investigation showed that several — of the cartridgges were split. Ex- perts in ballistics. found that the pressure in each shell when fired had increased from the normal 45,000 pounds per square inch to - nearly double thaa figure.—Ed-— monton Journal i

He which ‘converteth the sinner from the error of his way save a soul from death, shall hide a multitude of sins.

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