Pass noun THE GUARDIAN

Morning Dally tFoundsd In I537) Authorised ss Serum! tins Mull, Post Offlno Department, Ottawa.

Tbs Island uusrdlun Publishing ('0. Editor snd Slnnsglng Dlrvrlnr, J. R. lluruslt. Associate Editor, Funk Wslker. '

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest !nk"

CHARLOTTIITOWN. FRIDAY, DEC. 9. i949 Penal Reform |ll Canada

Under the above heading the November number of the Canadian Bar Review is exclusively dedicated to the problems of the treatment of convicted criminals. The table of contents gives some indication of the thoroughness with which the editors under- took their task. Introduction by the Editor, G, V. V. Nicholls; Sentences by the Hon. J. C. McRuer, C.J. (Ont): Probation for the Adult Offender by Professor Stuart K. Jaffary, Toronto Llniversity: Treatment in Federal Institutions by Major-General R. B. Gibson, Commissioner of Penitentiar- les; Treatment in ProvinciaJl Institutions by Hugh G. Christie, Sask., Director of Correc- lions; Remission, Ticket of Leave and Pa- role by Arthur E. ltfaloncyu Toronto; Civil Rehabilitation by J. Alex Edmison, K.C., President of the National Prisoners’ Aid Association; Criminal Justice in England by Cicely l\l. Craven. J .P., and Correctional Administration in California by Richard A. McGee, Director, California Department of Corrections. In addition there are reviews of six recent books on this important but much neglected subject.

As the editor points out in his introduc- tion, though the integrity and ability of the judges in our criminal courts are unques- tioned. for years informed criticism has been pointing the need for a reformed Criminal Code. a task no\v in hand. No branch of law more nearly mirrors the con- science of a people than the criminal law. and we may take hope that the criminal law in its many aspects seems at least to have aroused public interest in Canada.

The editor and his colleagues have made a great contribution towards arousing that

public interest and have undoubtedly brought penal reform a long step nearer in this country.

Rent Controls

/ To data Saskatchewan and Alberta are the only Provinces which have indicated that they plan introducing legislation em- bodying a system of rent controls. In Par- liament on Wednesday Finance Minister Abbott reiterated that federal controls 'would be withdrawn from any Province undertaking to implement control legisla- tion by March 31, on which date the cur- rent federal controls expire. I-Ie has indi- cated that the Government plans to renew them for one year unless the Supreme Court of Canada rules that they are unconstitu- tional. The Court hearings on the validity of the controls begin on January 30. Mr. Abbott's statement does not indicate any design on the Government's part of con-

tinuing rental controls indefinitely. The Supreme Court is not called upon to decide whether control is now

a good thing or bad, whether it should be perpetuated or dropped. The court is to deal with a purely legal question: whether the Dominion Government has the power ln time of peace to establish and enforce rental regulations. If it finds in the nega- tive then control ends so far as federal authority is concerned; if in the affirm- ative the Provinces may if they wish take over the field, subject always to a de- termination of their own rights.

The policy of the St. Laurent Govern- ment, as Mr. Abbott repeatedly has said, calls for eventual abolition of rent control, reaching that goal by easy stages-the current permissible increase being one more step. If the Supreme Court rules that the Government is within its powers that policy will be continued for one year. If the judgment is adverse the situation will be more confused, with perhaps ten rental tri- bunals set up, but tenants may be sure that with the possible exception of Saskatch- ewan and Alberta all provincial govern- ments will look upon control as a tempor-

ary measure.

Staggering Flgum

Federal financing is a business of stag- gering proportions today. This is indicated by the fact that while direct postwar costs of ‘restoring veterans to civilian life plus soldiers’ and their widows’ pensions have been steadily decreasing, welfare payments to civilians have been rising more rapidly. Soldiers’ and widows’ pension costs alone rose steadily until last fiscal year to $103 millions but would have dropped by one million this year except for inclusion of Newfoundland. But all veterans’ costs dmpped year by year from the peak of $602 mllli/olss in 1946-47 t0 $335 millions in 1947-48, t0 $270 millions in 1948-49 and to $241 millions estimated for 1949-50.

. These ﬁgures do not include the immense

growth-of interest charges on the national dsbt, mostly duo to the war. The net debt

f HE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

increased from $5,10l*,t%7,570 in 1937-38 to $11,776,134,151 in 1949-50, while annual in- terest on it in the same period rose from $132,118,000 to S465.l38,000.

In the interim. however, welfare pay-

ments to civilians have now increased to almost equal the interest on the nationall debt-—to $456 millions in the 1949-50 fis- cal year, close to double the veteran costs including soldiers’ pensions. The biggest item in these civilian pay- ments is $285 millions for family allow. ances, still steadily rising year by year. Old age and blind pensions are next with the Federal share of T5 per cent at $74 millions. But health and hospital grants are now surging upward, rising from only $8 millions in 1948-49 to estimated $33 mil- lions in 1‘.~l49-50.

EDITORIAL”NUT ES

Ontario is not unlike the Island when it comes to inter-govermiieiit rivalry’. Toronto goes about the question of whether it wants Sunday Sports with paid admission as if the Lords Day Act were within civic rather than Federal powers. I O

O

Discussions of screening various Gov- ernment departments and services would take quite a different turn if the expres- sion used were "purge." Yet there is no difference in meaning between communist purges of the politically unreliable and our own screening process.

O O O D liloncton and other New Brunswick cities are seeking power to tax newly in- cluded districts at a higher rate to com- pensate for the years when they paid nothing towards municipal works. The prin- ciple appears only fafir. but it: will give little encouragement" to outlying areas to merge themselves with their adjacent city. O O O

Nova Scotla ls to be congratulated in getting from the Federal Government‘ a gift of $1,500.000 to help provide ferry service between Yarmouth and the United States. Any additional cost beyond the $1,500,000 will be defrayed by the Federal Govern- ment. while the United States will get off scot free, but will supply the tourists which

Nova Scotia is after.

O O

Joel Chandler Harris. American novelist and folklorist, born this date 1848. A man of many occupations, his reputation as an author was established in the new world by hisbook “Uncle Remus”, published in 1880, which appealed not only to children but to students of folklore. Among his other works are “Mingo", “Duddy Jake", and “Wally Wonderoon.”

All over the lVfaritimes. but particular- ly on the Island with its very close con- tacts with the sea, there is great local varia- tion in weather. It must be frustrating to weather forecasters to realize that, however accurate their general predictions may be, in almost every case local conditions will give them the lie throughout the area. O O O

Mr. Gordon B, Isnor, M.P. (L-Halifaxl states that the decision to allow fishermen to use other than Canadian trawlers would be a boon, that the programme as a whole would not only help fishing but should help the shipbuilding industry. He is undoubt- edly right about the advantage of itsing United Kingdom built trawlers at half pre- sent costs, but the advantage to this coun- try's shipyards is not easy to see.

O O O l In connection with the crime comics| legislation, the importers and producers of these have a grievance against Liberal head- quarters. It will be recalled the Bennett Government shut down on these periodicals‘ much to the loss of news agents, etc., who had ‘profited largely by their sale. They

the ban, but he refused. The organization

er Mr. Mackenzie King, and obtained the assurance that if the Liberals were return- ed to power at the ensuing election the ban would be removed. They were and it was. Now with an over-all majority in the House, the Liberals have gone back on their promise, which had served its purpose at the time. I

O \

Many Australian farmers Will be up to their ears in harvesting on election day, to- morrow. In the early districts, however, the wheat harvest. will be about over. The shearing season. the harvest for 80,000 woolgrowers, will be over except in Tas- mania. 'As election day is a Saturday and as the booths are open till 8 p.m. the busiest farmer may find time l0 vote. [Each State has to elect seven Senators. Of the existing 36 half retain their seats for another three years. The other half, l8, face an election. That makes three for each of the slx States. The States have also to elect 24 more, four from each State, to bring the Senate up lo 60. Labour won all l8 seats in 1946 but this time. with proportional representation, there can be no clean sweep. Of the Senators elected in 1943, and up for re-election on Saturday, l5_ are Labour (Government) and three Opposition.

PUBLIC l-URUM , This column ls open to the 6 discussion by Luuliipﬂlldllllll of questions of interest. The Guardian dues not necessar- ily endorse the npinlou of MuIBIPOIIdQIII-l-

s~tﬁ-oo-&/.losasct¢» 19..

FOOD CONTRACTS AN D CURRENCY

Sin-Against. the background of Vveduesdsy’: from page references, to this country's basic “food oon- tracts" with the United Kingdom. and particularly the bald assertion by our Federal Minister cf Ag"- culture (Rt. lion. .1. G. Gardiner» that there is a. "very decided of» ficial effort." to drive wheat and several Canadian food products frcirn the British market. I find it, interesting to recall tffull my clipping-book) the follmvuig closing note in The Guardian's editorial on “Wheat. And Devaluallcn." some two months back:

"Under the international wheat agreement. Canada should sell 20f),- 000090 bushels to importing count- ries at a price that may rcuch 35L- 98 but that will nut fall below $1.54 But even though wheat, sold by long-term contract is fetchlnB 8 lower price than open market wheat. the contracts are a form of insurance against.‘ a sildtlrn. dis- astrous fall lll przccs." tOct. '7‘.

'I‘here is the core of uulsys not. overly-encouraging >llllﬂilCll. The global battle in the world of _‘l\B1'd' and ‘soft’ currencies is r-bviousll‘ developing? I notice lll that <Cl" story from Ottawa, tlic following unusually forthright assertion. also credited to Canada's realistic Agri- culture Minister: “The British want to establish sterling as the medium for international trade. The United States want it. to be the dollar." (Dec. 6, news itcnil.

This currency clash has bccn de- veloping for several icars. and’ l.\ now coming to something very llktl‘ a show-don't}. It. seems a pity that the squabble could not have been resolved at lower levels. To me. the “and shguld be giving ctrnfort. to Moscow, where every_ vffort \\lll b- niade to exploit this fight. between Washington and Tendon. ll ill? wheat speculators were onerotms where would prices be?

I am Sm,

o-sooto _ it Old Charlottetown

(And P. l’. L)

TB. ION MARSHES

House of Assembly. Feb. l2. 1833:

Mr. Bracken presented a petit- ion from John Lord and fi\c or six others. lcascholdcrs and own- ers of lhc marshes situated above the aboiteau on Tl‘_\'0f\ River. sel- ling forth that 1n thc year i796 the individuals who o w n c d the marshes bordering on the upper part of Tryon River obtained, per- mission ifrom Governor Fanning to build an aboitcau and running dyke, in order to exclude the salt water from thr marshes. which they did at their own expense, and put a wooden bridge acr s the said river. which lhc public had the free use of. although they re- ceived no public assistance until the year 18123, when a good sluice was made at the rxpcnsc of the government. which is still in good order. and sufficient for every nc- cessary purpose. That they un- derstand a petition has been pre- sented to the House to cut it away, which. if complied with, would destroy their marshes. by indunda-tlng the same with salt, water, and praying tlial no money may be granted for any such pur- pose.

After some objection on the part of Mr. Poor. the petition was rc- ceived, and ordered to he rm the table.

vigil? plelfi’ 611w: ;

FROM “AMATUBUS”

Somewhere beneath the sun-

These {iuivc-ring heart-strings p. l _..

Somewhere then» must be one

Made for this soul, l1.) move it;

wished Prime Minister Bennett to withdraw Some one mo. hides her syvectncs:

FYcm neighbours when she slights Nor can attain Completeness,

next approached the then opposition lead- . Nor gm» hcr heart n..- rights:

Some one whom I could court. With no crest Chﬂlllf‘ cf mannr: Still holding reasons ffit. ‘fhqugh waving fancy-ls banner. A lady. not so qurcnly

As to disdain my hand.

Yct born lo smile serenely Like those that rule the lnnd, Noble. but not too proud;

With soft hair simply folded. And bright face crnsceiit-browwl And throat by Muses moulded, And eyelids lightly falling

On little glistening seas, Deep-calm. when gales are brawn“; Though stlrrki by every breeze“. Swift voice. like flight. of doves Through mlnslcr-archcs floating. ‘With’ sudden turns. when love Gets overhear to doting;

Keen lips, that shape soft sayings Like crystals of tho snow. With pretty half-betraylngs

Of things one may not. know: Fair hand. whose touches thrill Like golden rod of wonder. Which Hermes wields at will Spirit and flesh to sunder: Light foot. to press thr- stirrup In fesrlessness and glee.

Or dance, til] finches chlrrup. And stars sink in the sea!

-Wlllis|n Johnson-Cory

The llga-tlld Story a

HOLE-Sill

5

mciociaoo- ‘

His seed shsll be mighty upon the osrth. the genorstlon of the "Ilflsht shall be blessed!

ggfai-Rirlsolmks; ,..\

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“llow Como lip Fighting”

AGRICULTURE MINISTFR GARDNER

Backing Up The Pact

tCvlObB and Zllnlll The twelve signatories of the Atlantic Pact, Canada being one of them, are making some head- way toward organization cf their forces. Last. week in Paris their Chiefs of Staff and Defense Min- isters conferred and lirouzht. turtli a co-ordiuatcd milllary- plan lu. details have not been made public and may not become clear until they are translated into arnucs. mines and air fort-cs slratcztczilly placed.

‘flie Atlantic Pact. was a lon: step toward safeguarding the peace, but. without definite action by its signers to arm themselves as a team, it would he not much more than an expression of good

intentions. it. bound thc l.\vel\r partners to regard an attack on any one of them as an attack on

all and to use force to defeat sat-h aggression. This simple declara- tion might conceivably have the desired deterrent effect, on poten- tialpczice-makers. but. its value will be lnimensrly enhanced if the Atlantic countries prepare themselves. in the full glare of publicity, to carry out. the plcdgc they have givrn,

. .

Official statements about Paris meeting have so far been sketchy and vazuc, probably by design. Almost the only major de- cision reported is a division of the Atlantic Pact. area. into five re- gions; the Atlantic Ccrnn itself; Southwest l-‘luropr and the Medi- terranean; Western Europe; Noi- thcrn Europe. and the United States mid Canada. 'l‘ht~rc ls fl‘!- purently to be a. local plan for dc- fensc of each of these segments as wcll as a master plan for the whole.

'I‘l\is information docs not. tell us much; hut; it is evident that the Paris meeting got further than the mere delimitation of spheres or action. Cne result of it is likely to he, perhaps by the end of the yenr, the first. shipment. of Alllrr]- can military aid to Europe. Con. press voted more than a billion

the a

UNLQADING TODAY

Welsh Hard Dominion Coke Albion Egg Sydney Screened Inverness Screened

Bayview Screened

A. PICKARD t. c0.

susonn 14o

dollars for this assistance, but laid _

down the condition that the Euro- pean nations should accept. certait tibligiilions of self-defense. The» must have done so, to the satis- faction of the American retro sentutlves in Paris. because Presi- dent. Truman is cxpedted almost immediately’ to give the order that will start aid flowing.

. . -

Though this moans progress lu- ward integration of the West's military strength, it. is clear that the Paris conference left. man questions unanswered. Of these the. most important and contrn- tious ls: Should Western Germain re rein-med‘? American official policy. as so far made public. i. opposed to this step. The United states, according to Defense Sc- trctai-y Louis Johnson, does no’.

DFODCSC to rearm the Germans But l-‘leld biarshnl Montgomery took the contrary’ view 1n recent.»

conversations ivith military men at. Washington. It ls significant that Chancellor Adensuer. leader of the West German Republic, does not favour the raising of a German army-except as n unit in n Elurobean forer- for the defense of the West. as a whole.

llow this question will finally be answered can only be guessed at this stage. Meantime. the Paris discussions have obviously raised an issue for Cinudians to wrestle‘ with. What. is the part assigned t/o this country in the overall scheme? Canadians will expect, full infor- mation nn this point from the Defense Minister.

J. P. NlacPllEllSUll and SON

SPEUIALIZING lN MEN'S CLOTHING ‘ ’I‘HAT_FITS

I57 Queen Strcct

' l DECEMBER 9, 1949

- Notes‘ By

Under the new Tederai housing bill a purchaser would have to raise around $500 for an $8.000 home. But he is borrowing $7,500 on which he must pay interest and principal over a long term

IRE-N's‘-

of years. And when taxes and ordinary maintenance costs are added the home purchaser will

find hc is paying close to $60 a month for hise home. Whatever else this may be it is certainly not. low-cost housing, it is not the kin-i of housing for which people with average salaries or wages can af- ford l0 pay. Vancouver Pro- vince.‘

Clesnlng up the fallen trees. and culling out the ones that show decrepitude is flood woods- keelping. It has always been practised where the owner of the farm woodlot wanted to keep and improve his holdings. But if the pioneers could return. they would see their descendants‘ fires kept, u/p with prunings and trimmings

from the pl . - “an siandsriili-rsélgziaerthey |0\v the forest gianrg '

Cabinet prevented the pcgple "U; that t-hc Miniﬂrv the law of the ulna in make public the Combine on the Thus knowing about this

a?

JNNEHKNNEHHHNNEHHHHHNHSHHHVANHH QQ I |

The Way

‘l

“ Con.

secrecy “menu”,

from 1am had broken refusing r, .5 "w: indusgm voters (m!

""'"l‘l Drier

flour milling Preventing

to the election. It ‘ < . there hadn't been alsltlilrl 210,2‘,

Ollf’.

ll.’ the Cabinet. in 59cm.’

will break the law that is

argument in favor of leaktgegb]: what assurances are there a531,“; similar occurrences behind ca}, lnet doors? in big law rim“ o; private corporations, Where priyah business is being discussed. the"

is reason for secrecy.

But in |

democracy. ivhere Cabinet is (in.

cussing public

business. secrecy

easily can be overdone. -- Winds" Star.

.- -} f: 40*‘- <'</.i<!»"

__

from $1.00 Q‘

v3‘; A

Bold Panels — Plains — Brocades

Your best guy. whether he's pop. friend- husband. or steady teller. will perk up at ‘the sight of one of our handsome

ties from this group.

The lest Looking Ties In Town Are Hers

WHERE QUALITY IS SURE

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PROFESSIONAL CARD;

Chas. R. Mcqiuuid Dr. J. C. Gallant. BA B. Sc.

ammsrus. SOLIGITOh, DENTIBT

NOTARY, Eta, Plclusrd Bulldllll

hstorn Trust. iiuildlng lbl Great George '59

UllAilﬂTlETtﬂVi‘ “EM” “m

PM“ :71] Phone ‘£66’: — l

Palmer & Huslam A. l. HASLAM, B.A.. LL13.

MccPhee & Twill"

n. F. blaoPl-IEE. as. H» ~ s sozunnbuu rmunon. M

Barristers. Ew-

Bsnlsw, um. i p‘ Bank ol Nova Sends Chambers “will!!! Bill!- 165 Quwn‘ Chlrlotwwwn, PJBJ. MONEY T0 LOAN Mensa-L "t" CIIABTEuEU CQMPANY sccounnns . Currie Bull-l’ w ______._.____._._._. Elston: Trust Building uuAnLo-"E-rqwp uh I rww |'l..\r.~ ma" o m, Bo: s44 m. lose tau Bus W {i ' - ‘ .. i. “ .:_ ~ -- ~~_ ~ i‘ : H. R. DOANE and ‘ CHARTERED MIUOUNTANTS ‘IFI-‘lt-‘IIB- I m uusauirsssulv‘ ﬂslllu . M Grafton F‘- . . ',',',';;},?f,“'""' Phono mo 5°‘

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