”,,x.t.t.i xvi

THE GUARDIAN'

Pllbilxlled uv-ry woonlau morning A: ll! Pi-inc: aireei. uiui lotlelown. P IE. I.. by rho Fhomlon Company Limited. OIIGII Pu-Inn EIIQII IIIIII MIC III IIOI"

I-Jdiuu and alanaui. in A Burnett.

Anoclno Editor. Frau Wllkel Irnncu oflicu ll summeuiue. Monihxun Inn Albenon Author um I: second Cluo Mull o: the Pan ulfico Department.

Onuu

By Canter. Cnarluliewwn, sumuieluue ll5.iI0 pet aunuin Li)!

when In I ISM: Olbei Province: and U 5 A claim per nnnum

”'l'he strongest memory is weaker than the weakest lnli.”

WEDNI-jSl)Al', DEC. 15, I954

Proposed Canada Council

A recent statement by Prime .Vlinister St. Laurent is interpreted as meaning that the Federal Government has decided to set. up a Canada Council at the fortlicoming session of Parliament. Such an organiza- tion was recommended by the Massey Com-l mission, the purpose being to create a coiin. cil for the arts, letters, humanities and social sciences. The commission believed it- should be partly advisory and partly at-1.: ministrative: it should be a central bureaul to serve as a clearing house of inlorniation and to act as the intermediary between various voluntary groups and societies and the government on drama, music. arts and letters and in the humanities and social sciences. .

The Council should perform in this cul- tural spliere the same kind of function that the National Research Council performs for the sciences. The Commission mention-, ed no sum of money but suggested a Coun- cil of 15 members of whom the chairman and the vice chairman would be full time and the others would be paid travelling ex-, penses, and a per diem allowance. The, Council would be equipped with a staff. p

The chief duties of the Council would be to advise the government on scholarships in; the humanities and social sciences and to, grant financial aid to music, drama, ballet, and so on.

The present decision, notes an exchangeg is to set up this Council and to go no, farther. for the time being, than to award scholarships. The scope and cost of the activities. however. do not affect the prin- ciple. The Council will lack funds but not authority and the assumption is that once launched it will not be long before the votes are increased and the activities extended.

The most serious criticism of the Can- ada Council is basic and rests on the belief that the arts flourish best when free of state subsidies and the control which. how- ever unconsciously exercised, goes with) them. In the second place, it is pointed, out that all of these activities fall not with-l in federal but provincial jurisdiction. The federal government, it is urged, with a present budget of 334.800 millions has enough to do attending to federal matters and ought not to invade the provincial field.l The Massey Commission report cited the precedent of the British Council but it is pointed out that the United Kingdom is not a federal state. There are no provinces there. I

-All this notwithstanding. it must be recognized that art and artists are tender blooms, not designed to compete with the hardy inhabitants of the national garden. Patronage with ulterior motives can destroyi artistic integrity but patronage which for- gets all interests but the encouragement of, talent can sometimes produce a Golden Age.

l Auditor General And The CBC

An extraordinary statement appears in the 1953-54 annual report of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, just released. it; is the statement of the auditor, Mr. Wat-i son Sellar, Auditor General of Canada, who writes:

"Weaknesses having been noted in the accounts, this office wrote to the Chairman of the Board of Governors on October 23. 1952 with supporting details and conclud- ing with the words . it is stisszvstcd that the system be carefully rcvlcwcd, and appropriately revised and co-ordinaled so that there may be no need to qualify the audit certificate in this regard.' Suhsequenti action by the Corporation not having been of a nature to remedy the situation, the manner in which the accounts were kept during the fiscal year ended March 31. 1954 was not found to be conducive to sat- isfactory audit."

Mr. Seller also states that the appropri- ateness of the accumulated allowance for depreciation and obsolescence is "open to question" for the reason that the rates used through the years have never been scien- tifically established or consistently applied. He notes that he has made this comment in previous reports. ;

The,CBC. in a press release ;-ccompany- ing the report, appends the following ex- planatlon:

"The letter from the Auditor (lon--ml on page 51 of the report mentions the 'min- ner in which the accounts were l(cnl.' This is understood to refer to the technical sys- tem on which the accounts have been him-.d., Since it! fflmdatlon. the Corporation has used I 'motliflod duh bnsis' for its accounts,l on do most Government bodies.

, ity of

Corporations casn system of

accounting t 9" , should be changed to an accrual system, as A) used by most companies at the present i g

time. The CBC is at present studying this Stl,;gCSii0ll. it has asked a firm of chart- erco accountants to advise on the practical- c-.ii'ryiiig out a change to an ac- crual basis ano the extra costs that would be involved.”

Commenting on the above statement, the Winnipeg Free Press points out that the Auditor General is appointed by the Govern- ment to see that its business is run on sound financial lines and as economically as pos- sible. To talk about "studying" his recom- mendations, so long after they were first made, is equivalent to the CBC thumbing its nose at the Auditor General - and, through him. at the people whose taxes sup- port the CBC.

Freedom Of The Seas

Wars have been fought to preserve the.

freedom of the seas, the right of men to traverse the oceans of the world upon their lawful occasions. In recent years there have been a which have taken steps to abridge freedom by purporting to extend their ter- ritorial watcrs by unilateral action. Iceland and Russia, perhaps, have been the chief offenders. Now a South American country, Peru, has levied a heavy fine on foreign

in the internationally recognized three-mile limit but within their own designated 200- iiiile limit.

The ships involved are Greek, registered in Panama, manned by Germans and insured in Britain, whichl possibly might lend a comic opera air to the affair. There is nothing comic about it, howevei'. for there are altogether too many restrictions already on land and sea and air.

It is a principle of international law that it cannot be changed by unilateral action. Any country might feel that it could draft better international law than now exists, but to do so would destroy its vei'y founda- tion. All countries. or almost all, recognize the law of nations as developed by seafar- ing peoples over the years and as codified and amended by international agreement. It will be a long step backward if any na- tion is permitted to make its own rules re- garding the open sea or arbitrarily extend its jurisdiction over it.

EDlTORlAL NOTES

Charlottetown choir leaders escape one problem of their fellows in Charlotte, North Carolina. There it was found that one carollcr was singing: ”O Lil' Ol' Town of Bethlehem . . ."

0 0 0

Milk vending machines are slowly gain- ing popularity in Canada. A machine re- cently installed at an Edmonton high school is adaptable to any size container, sells two products at two different prices, and gives change for odd-cent prices. More than ltltl half-pints sold dui'ing the first day of operation.

0 O C

According to a sampling by the Lon- don Daily l-Jxpress 94 per cent of Biitish homes have at least one fireplace and 61 per cent of their owners are determined to keep thcni-vsmog or no. The Englishman's home is his castle and he feels that he is entitled to keep the smog out of it with a fireplace evcn if the fireplace brings more smog to his neighbours.

O I C

The display concludes today of the Cor-I onation Robes and Regalia at Queen Char- lotte High School. Consisting partly of the original vestmcnts and partly of replicas. the effect is much more impressive than would be possible with only those originals which could be permitted to go on public display and he shipped about. The inclusion

number of countries! that.

l .-W07)” . Kwih , -

shipping for engaging in whaling, not with-I t .

BBC H's-vkly

That Again?"

t 4

' 1 1

by 3, Modern Blood Transfusion

Sumnmry

Sir Lionel Whitby, Rvgius Pro-iinore that a highly efficient. force

lessor oi r'liys.i at Llic Uiiircisily of Cambridge, said in a recent. talk that lransiusion was first. at- tempted centuries ago. when it was thought. that. new blood alone would revitalise a body in vuiicn life was ebbing. ”An0t.tler ancient idea was that blood conveyed not. only its lundaiiientiil piiysitilogical properties, but also the spirit, the convictions, and the pecuIiiirit.ies of the donor," he said. It. was quite certain now that no features, criminal tendencies. temperamental peculiarities or anything oi the kind were conveyed by blood. "A capitalist can receive ll transfusion from I Communist or a Moslem from I. Christian with complete confidence that their respective convictions will not. be altered," said Sir Lionel.

Race and colour made no dif- ference bul. species was important. ”Man can give to man, but the blood of in monkey, a sheep or an ox is foreign to man, and as such may give rise to immediate or eventual trouble." he said. There were sometimes disastrous acci- denta in early tiiaiisfusions until the four blood groups were dis- covered. These four groups depend- ed upon whether blood corpuscles contained some combination of the inherited factors whlcli by inter- national agreemenl. were known as A and B and they were known as AB. A, B. and O, the last con- taining neither A nor 13.

Blood transfusions within these groups had been carried out suc- cessfully for more than 3. quarter of ii century. some people reacted to a transfusion more strongly than others and the explanation was that red corpuscles contained more factors than just. A and B - the best. known being the Rhesus fac- tor inherited from parents. There were at least. 8 kinds of Rhesus fac- tors and if a person born with No. l were given a transfusion of No. 2 there might. be trouble at future transfusions. A mother who be- longed to 8. different. Rhesus group from the child she was to bear might. have a serious reaction if transfused with the wrong type of blood and the child would be liable to suffer from one of the blood- destroylng diseases of the newborn. The discovery of these facts had enabled doctors to treat. effectively I. disease of the newborn which previously had a. mortality of 80 per cent.

Blood transfusion was practised during the 1914-18 War, when the possibilities of storing blood were explored in a small way, and the Procedure was developed during the Spanish and 1939-45 Wars. Most big civil hospitals had 51 store of blood to meet emergencies and much research had gone to find. in; way: of how to prolong this

of numerous articles actually used in the Cnronrition. at the same time, makes the exhibition well worth while.

Bill of Rizlits Day, U.S.A. The first ten: amendments to the American constitution

were adopted in 1789 to guarantee religious freedom, and freedom of speech; prohibit slavery, excessive hail. excessive fines, and the infliction of cruel punishments; main- tain the popular right to bear arms; pro-i hibit the quartering of soldiers in private:

houses in timc of peace; give a person ac- c

cuscd of crime the right to a speedy trial;' preserve the right of trial by jury; regulatei balloting for president; and prescribe the

status of citizens. i U C I i

(Vimrliaii Press reports hearing a clar- inn call for national farm unity in Canada. What it hears is the President of the On- tnrin l9armcrs' Union calling for extension of lhc scope of the three-year-old Inter- provincial Farm Union Council. Farmers will Fl'.'l'f'P on the desirability of national unity within the craft or class, but are ant to be dubious of any particular group of, leaders. The Canadian Federation of Agri-

. The And-lculture they know. The Farm Union they; 01;!-D d the opinion that theiare not so familiar with. l

was the delicate red

storage period. Blood could now be kept. for about four weeks. but. if storage were faulty the blood would be lethal instead of ltfc-saving. It. corpuscles that deteriorated. and the other fifty-five per cent of stored blood - the plasma -- could he kept for some years in fluid form and al- moat. indefinitely in dehydrawd form.

Thou who suffered a big loss of blood died not. so much from the loss of red corpuscles II from volume loan which consist d largely 0' Plums. "The reason for this is a simple matter of mechanics," said sir Lionel. "the heart. in no

pump which piopels the blood around the body. To be efficient this pump has to be full at each stroke. An essential life-saving measure is to maintain sufficient quantities of an efficient. durable blood substitute which has volume- restoring power, and to supplement this. wlieiiever possible, with good supplies of stored blood. Just to finish the job."

Various artificial substances had been tried but nothing had yet. been found to equal human plasma. and its dehydration was 3 com- plicated, int.i'icat.e and skilled op- eration. Many of the advances de- scribed were evolved during the last. war and all had been trum- ferred to peacetime work. "The doctor can now carry in his bag I bottle oi- two of dried plasma, which will be instantly available tn save a life which hitherto was lost because the facilities of a city - with its blood bank or its blood donor panel - were not available in time to avert. disaster," said Sir Lionel.

OH Ciu riotl-iotown

and P. I I. COAL DEPOSIT AREA

"it is generally supposed that Gallas Point is the most. likely lo- cality, in the central districts of our Island, where borings might be made for coal. This is not the case. however. Governor's Island is much lower in the system than Gallas Point, and the true coal beds are there many hundred feet nearer the surface. If successful attempt is, anywhere in this dis- trict. to be made to reach the pro- ductive beds of coal, it is on that islet; and the time may yet come. when its now desolate shores ohall present the liveliest scenes in the

7&9 .f Weed Gum

WHEN YOU ARE OLD

when you are old and grey and full

of sleep,

And nodding by the fire, take down this book,

And slowly read. and dream of the soft look

Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep:

How many loved your momdnts of glad grace, '

And loved your beauty with love false or true;

But. one main loved the pilgrim soul

in you. And loved the sorrow: of your changing loco.

And bending down beside the glow-

ing bars

Miirmur. : little sadly, how love fled

And paced upon the mountains overhead

And hid his face anld a crowd of stars.

-W. B. Yeats.

U The Ago Old Story

And he laid unto his disciples. Therefore I lay unto you, Take no ilihoughl. for your life, what ye shall est; neither for tile body. what. ye shall put. on.

BANK HOLIDAY!

MONTREAL (OP) - All bank branches across Canada, will close christmu and New Years Day, T. H. Atkinson. president. of the Can- adlnn nmkei-5' Association um- nounced today" He laid banks ordinarily open for business Friday nights will remain closed after

Page 4 The Guardian

I NOTES BY

It costs a. lot to nine A family these days-tliac is. if you try to

- get, them ten per cent. of the thing:

they'd like to have. --Chatham

News.

Docto . my industrial smoke and auto exhaust fumes are Is likely I cause of lung cancer as cigarettes. Yep, we'll just. have to quit. living. -Windsor Star.

The little girl expect: no declara- tlon of tenderiiess from her doll, She loves it., and that's Ill. It, is thus that we should love.-Guelph Mercury.

Nothing is quite so irritating. when one deals with either the written or the spoken word, than stllted and pedantic English. Even the fact. that. this is an age when there is I lot. of slipshod speech and writing about. in no justifica- tion for going to the other ox- tzreme and putting Irtifictallty and over-exactness on a pedestal.

-Gait Reporter.

Surely it might be possible to plant. trees which could be trun- med high enough not to screen street lights, and certainly a tree- shaded avenue would be far more attractive than a long, open vista . . . Trees are pleasant things to have about the city, and it is un- fortunate when they have to be sacrificed to practical consideration, in sometimes they do.

-Montreal Eltar.

A cement-covered pul bu been developed by a. pharmaceutical company to prevent. patients from chewing it. The pill was developed because some medicines stain the mouth, injure its lining or ban a bitter, unpleasant taste. Once in- side the stomach, the pill coating dissolves and the medicine is re- leased -New York Herald Tribune. ,

Tho linen mill at Iroquois, wlhcli must move because of the St. Lawrence power development, will occupy a new plant which will em- ploy twice the present number of workers. For the residents of the area, this must constitute the first concrete benefit of the power pro- ject. Others. still undreamed of will follow. -Ottawa Citizen.

Miss Gene Tierney, the film Ict- ress, is reported to have suffered a nervous collapse "brought on by overwork and tension result- ing from her two-year romance with Prince Aly Khan." We hope that Miss 'rierney's adnlil'Pl'S will be properly sympathetic and un- derstanding: it takes A lot out of 3 poor film star to keep 8. love affair glowing in the headlines for two years. -Saturday Night.

Persons who are paying for televislon sets. and at the same time entertaining groups of people nearly every night of the week, would be wise to place ll large

THE WAY I

container at the entrance to me”. from door where money donntiuiis could be dropped to "help dgi,-,3), expenses.”

While electricity might be saved a bit with the cutting down of current, for lights - and vac-,.i cords must. certainly get. a mist while the silent audience is wan-li. ing - them are about. the only things which are saved.

Donations ”for the cause" mm. become part. of the evening 1-oif. tine when the crowds begin to gatherl-Brookvllle Recorder and Times.

It seems that some towns li-avg more than their share of mini boosters while others may be him. dered by the expressive ODCTBLIOI15 of the town knockers. One indiis. ti-lalist. planning to expand his operations visited the main strrii and chose the town with the best main street boosters, feeling moi. secure in the future of that centre.

-St. Mary's Joui-no.1-Argus,

Good i-ending habit: have their foundation in the home, and tie process of development begins oven before ahe child has learned to read. It is, therefore, obvious 111,”, much depends on the parents in this regard, and what they may do lg nourish an interest. in reading dui-. mg the child's pre-school days 1: likely to be of lasting benefit. Teaching children to read 1; 3; school, the wise parent. will keep an eye on his progress. both by setting an example in the field of reading and by taking an active part. in the development of good taste in books. -Edmonton Journal.

,A California woman only had time to grab the important things before running from her burning house the other day. At. any nun what. she loved was what. she con. siderod moat. important. What slio rescued want her four-you-old son, and 260 Christmu cord: she was addressing. "Of course I saved the cards," she said. "I didn't want to write them all over again." Any. one confronted with tho annual writing and addressing of Christ- mas curds these days, will under. standstand exactly how she felt about. it. Whatever else may hnt'Q gone up in smoke she does have her Christmas cards. Household articles may be replaced. but it isn't likely that. anyone, after addres- sing 260 Christmas cards, would be in a mood to buy the same num- ber of cards again and repeat the job of addressing, in the ruins of her home. -Sydney Po Record.

TVEARS CENTENAEY

VICTORIA (CF) - First In. man Catholic church on Vancouver island, St. Andrew's Cathedral hero celebrated its 96th anniversary this

month. Three bishops have been consecrated in the church.

BIG

regular h0lll'l on the eve of both holidays.

G ET YO U R Just-Right

IT, KODAK GIFTS

here

road the details in tho

KODAK AD

and then stop in and no them.

nnnnm nnos.

132 ili0iiM0liil STREET

Bay: when belching engine chimneys and bustllngloadingplers shall mark the scene where the mighty stores of ancient fuel sunk beneath the Gulf are yielding up their riches to the hand of indus- try and enterprise.” -

-From Notes of a Naturalist,' in the Daily Examiner, Dec. 13, i882.

HISTORIC CHURCH

The Christian Basilica church at Bethlehem was built by Emperor Constantine in 330 AD,

Refrigeration Repairs To All Mikkel

APPLIANCES SALES & SERVICE

MOTORS Rewinding and Repairs ' ELECTRICAL Repair-I

Palmer Electric

Pboneolul IBM

E. R.BroWE9”Son

Fire, Auto, Life, Accident. Sickness Ami Plato Glass insurance

If Lowest llatos Agent at Suimnersido. D. 0. Stewart 144 Richmond St.

Charlottetown

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E GUARDIAN t

5

line ALL-YEAR Grip it

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' Clip and Mail today to The Guardian. i ': Encloud please find 8...... for I .............-.-..-.. month's :ub- ii ui-ipuoa to The Gun-iilui to bo uni with my compilmellls: tum: i , Aobiunsl 0 Name of ” "

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ADDRESS 1

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- An appropriate Christmas Card will be mailed stating from whom '

the gift is sent. Rates off the Islandito any part of Canada or the U.S. are:- Ono Year (12.00: Six Months 30.00. Saturday Copy-One Year 38.00; Six Months 81.50.

pontoon-Old

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