f""”"'

PROGRESS IN TURKEY.

Thcold world has alwa s slept, except when it awoke to ﬁght. The only i a of humanity seems to have been, that the many were made for the few. an the few to imbrute the many. Keeping tlieiu in igno- rance and d6gradation,wearing them out with toil, to con- struct useless though imposing works, or else biitclieriiig them in the wars instigated by revenge or ambition. 'l‘hc Romans left behind them the nioniuiu‘-uts of l1ll’f;'() and etilightned views and a ublic spirit. where they pus sessed the East 2 their admirable liiitlgvs, their sttipt-n- pous rtquediicts, and more than all, theii'ini|it:iry i'o:nl.<, constructed \vitli incredible labor, and made :iliiiost as impcrishable as the earth itself, are evidence ofth-ir far-reaching views and interests in the iiiasst-s. lint since their day. the idtnt of u P/I/Iffl.‘ has pcrislied. and the only idea is of imlit.-idu.':/il_I/. The social wt-|f'.ii'e, the cominou hciiefit, the iiitt-rest and profit of all. are words unheard, or licard, without int-aiiiiig. and only provoking derision and coiitcinpt, while the intlividual tliiuks-: only of liimself, and cuttin-.:otl';ill the ll‘_'.'llll('lllS which bziiil him to 1lt,'.')llllll‘)ll liuni.'iii:t_\', shuts liinisclf up in tliecoco-iii he has in;i.lc for hinisclf, and ilicre lives and die-.. 'l'l.~c ‘i-‘-'-'(‘l'lllllt’ll[ of s.-vcry country in the l:l;tst pt‘.ic,irtrtls partially upon the :::une piiiicipli‘. regarding itself as :'u indivitiiial liaviiig iio t‘cl:i.tiotis to the people but lil(,).\t‘. ofoppi'<,-...-‘ioiiand pltttizlcr. \\ urks of public utility, tli=:rel'orc. are not iiinlcrtiikcii; the i-csoiu'- cos of the (:titllll!'_\' are not tle\'clopctl, nor ciicoitmgctiit-tit and inspiration given to art and lll’lll.\ll'_\', till at last, likc an oil ti."-l.l. croppo.l and cropped again, lnit iicvcr FCC-l',l.'..'.Ll.-:.i by in t.i.irnig, not a regezicraticti, lnit at new creation alone can save it.

- 'l‘lie name of the present Sultan will go down to posterity with honor, it’ he does nothing more and better. He is in (ltl\':ll)CC, if not of his age, yet of his subjects of the age, and indeed of the whole East of his age. Break- ing away from the prejudices of Moslem and 'l‘urk, he has had the courage to make iimovatioiis which would have brought the bowstriiig to the neck of his predeces- sors. Conceiving the possibility oftliere being some- thing beyond individuality—that there may be a public, a tnass of liiitnaii beings having common rights and coin- mon interests, he first of all the Sultans, and first in the Eist, has atlopted bancficent social ideas wherever he fotiiid them, and entered upon a courageous, hearty, and honorable career in behalf of improvement and progress. His father introduced the Frank dress, requiring all his officials and soldiers to wear it, which is now universal- ly done, transforming the pctticoated and tiirbaned Turk _iiito a fine looking form: and his son, Abdul-Medjid, the present Sultan, profiting by and eulargiiig the idea is bent upon iuirodiiciiig all the elements of Etiropeaii Civilization.

I cannot learn thata cmmlever existed in the Turk- ish empire : certantly a decent road never did, except what remained of the Roman riiilitary roads, which are now tiearly obliterated. But out of evil often comes good, w.tr not excepted, which seems notliiug less than the first born of the infernal world; and the first canal in Turkey will be one of the fruits of the present bloody strife.

It will be seen by reference to a map, that the noble Danube, the largest river in Europe, next after the Volga, having its sources in Bavaria, near the borders ofswitzerland and the head ofthe Rhinc,ptirsiies almost a straight course through Austria, but near Buda in Him- gary makes nearly a right angle, as it strikes off south for Turkey at Belgrade, where it recovers its original direction, and for a long distance pursues its eastward course, till it wants only ve miles of reacliiug the Black Sea, where it turns nort at nearly a right angle and then again east, till it pours itself into the Black Sea by three principal motiths. 'I‘hc current is very rapid, be- ing less than 18,000 feet an hour, in a channel of the average ividth of 600 feet, with a mean depth of 25 feet. The number of Islands in the river is incredibly large, the map before me giving nearly two hundred below Vi.- enna, which, though they may a to the picturesque beauty of the scenery, do much to obstrtict the naviga- tion. By the treaty of Adrianople, in the year 1826, the central mouth or channel, called &ulina, was made the boundary of Russia; along it strong fortiﬁcations and castles were erected ; and as this month is the only navig- able one, Russia commanded all the river with its com- merce and navigation. The object of these forts was apparent; and the alleged reason of the design of a quarantine, was only a pretext. To escape all these an- noyances, and this complete dependence upon the mercy of Russia, the steamboat iiavi tion company of the Danube, asked liberty from the Fnrkish Government to

construct a canal at their own expense, along a former arm of the l)atiiihe, which united it with the Black Sea, and whose bed could easily be traced from Chcrnavoda on the river to the bay of Jongla on the sea. 'l‘he dis- tance between Vienna and Constantinople will be about five hundred miles. Besides this, the navigation of the Danube below the intersection of the propos-

tnbcdicncc 1 know would lnirt my father, and that would

9 GAZETTE, APRIL . 26. . _

ed canals, in its present state is subject to obstacles which it is often diﬂicult to overcome. No boat drawing above 1;’ feet of water, can ascend the river without discharg- inga p.t.i't of its c;it‘go, in order to cross the shallow places, which causes cxpctisc and loss of time, while the oflicers and met: are greatly cxposctl to sickness and death by asoii ofthe pesiilt-ntial air of the shores of the river. As the depth of il\'\i.‘- of the si‘Vcrul mouths of the river is t.'('lllllllltlil\' eli:iii:iii=_v with the iiiiindatioiis to which they are siiiijct-t. the boats which ascend the river are ob- liged to take pilots on board to guide tlieui—all of wliicli evils will he be avoided by the constritctioii of the canal.

The project of a canal which slionld tnrti the entire ll(1\'l'_’1lll()ll of the lower l)aiiubc to thc 'l‘url.'isli territory is an idea of other years rcvivcd. '|‘hr~ subject \\".is hronglit before the (iovcriinient iii l.\‘2i’.l, and agtiiii in I815: litissia had not then tlirowii oil‘ the mask, and bore tlowu with all her intlucncc upon Coiistaiitinople to pr('vt‘tit the ciitcrpriso: for she saw at once the project. tilll‘t‘,tit)llSllllll|lil3t:tl, would blastall licr hopes. To snatch ll.-.- t‘Illl".lll('J of the l)i|l|lli)“, from jealous stirvcillaiice of her froiitit-rs, was to take from her soutlicrn provinces the transit ti the lilack .‘~'t‘a; it was a strike a moral blow at the prosp:-rity of (ltlcssa, atid to atniiliilatc licr (‘t)ll1tliCl'Cl:1l iinportzince in the. l.t-rant. She us:-d her prcpoznlcrzitiiigr lllllll(‘.ll('(‘ with the Turkish (it)\‘Cl‘lllIl(‘lll, then l)llll(l(‘tl to llL‘l' nltiinzite designs. anti the construc- tion oftlic canal was :l(ljt)lll‘llt‘Ll; luit tltongli adjotiriictl. it was not :ib;iinloiii-d; and tiow the ciiterprisc sccins to lie in a f.iir way of accoiiiplislinicnt. .\ ClI1ll‘lt'l' has liccii :‘raiitcd and a coiiipaiiy organized. coniposcd of leading capitalists of(foiistaiitiiiopla-, l.out.lon, l’aris,aud Vicniia, ‘aiitpbcll, l'Isq., is the agent. With

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of whom Forbes L great pripriv-ty,tlie name ofthe Sultati is to be given to the canal; it is to be called *‘ '1‘/w Canal of Abdul-tlletfjitl.”

'l‘lic advatitagcs expected are European and 'l'm'/sis/1, ifiiidced a separation can in truth be made. As to

Europe, there will be a direct conuuuiiicatinii opened be- tween lici' central regions and Central Asia. The coiii—. nicrcial inﬂuence of Russia will be annihilated in the‘ Levant. I-‘recdoni will be obtained from the sliackles; upon the commerce of all nations. The tidvantagcs to Turkey will be those of the transit between Europe and Asia; the creation ofa commercial port at Jougla, whose importance cati be hardly over estimated; and a natural channel for the cereal and animal productions of Walla- chia, Bulgaria, and Hungary.

The company constructing the canal have engaged, moreover, to put all nations on a footing of perfect equa- lity in regard to duties,oL'c. No one shall be favored with an exclusive privilege; no one shall be excluded from the advantages offered to others. The 'I‘urkisli govern- ment has at letigth learned the valtie and necessity of roads and channels of comiiitinicatioii for the prosperity of the country. It had done soinetliing to encourage agriculture and manufactures, but with small results, since the heavy expense of transportation to market for the want of roads and canals, left little or no compensa- tion to the producer. Camels, mules andldonkeys, are insignificant common or private carriers by the side of the canal and road of iron. The Goveriuiient has "now adopted larger views, and seems intent oti developing the industrial capabilities of the empire in agriculture, commerce, and niaiiiifactiires, all of which will be great- ly promoted in European 'l‘iirkey by the enterprise now projected, while other public works of equal importance are either in progress, or coutcniplated and sanctioned, of which you shall have an account hereafter.

Oti the whole, it is obvious a better day has dawned upon Turkey. A new era couinicnces in her history; she is uniting herself to the civilization and progress of modern society; she is binding herself to Western Eu- rope by an indestructible alliance; and with her regene- ration comes also a new era of local organization and economical progress to all the populations and countries of the East. May a higher and holicr regeneration fol- low! atid I am pcrsutided it will.

I learn that the engineers engaged in the survey of the route for the Suez Canal, have met with an unexpected difliculty. In making excavations along the line, they came to solid rock beneath the sand and alluvion, which independent ofall other obstacles, may make the work impracticable. lint. this is a flying report, and not an authorized statement.

A NOBLE Bov.—A boy was once tempted by some of liis companions to pluck ripe cherries from a tree which his father had forbidden him to tottch. “ You need not be afraid," said one of his companions, “for if your father should find out that you had taken them, he is so kind he would not litirt you.” “That is the very reason," re, licd the boy why I would not touch them. It is true, my father would not touch me ; yet in dis-

be worse to me tli_an any thing else.” A boy who grows up with such principles, would he a man in the best sense of the word it betrays a regard for rcctitttde that

wotild render him trustworthy under every 'triaL

i HASZARD’ —i'

The Halifax Morning Journal, s|yl;‘ eight of the Police force of the City were initiated into Mayﬂower Division, Sons of Tern orance, on Wednesday evening last. The worthy City ursball deserves credit for taking the lead.

A Tau or Surrii.iuna.—Tlio ship Thomas, Captain Calhoun which arrived here on Sunday, picked up to the southward of the Gulfstream, Mr. Robert Harlow, who was clin n to the wreck of the solir. Lightfoot, which was capsi ﬁve days previously in it heavy squall. Mr H was the ownor of the unfortunate vessels, which was commanded by his brother, who, together with the crew, two in num- ber, were lost when the vessel went over. For ﬁve days, Mr. llarlow clung to the wreck, and when picked up by L':ipt. Calhoun was almost exhausted, some time elapsed after being taken on board the Thomas before he recovered front the effects of his fatigue and exposure. Who can tli*.~‘ttl'il)0 his agony during this long exposure to the winds and waves, without food or water?

The S(‘lll'. was loaded with fish and lumber, and belonged to Liverpool, I\'ovtiSct-tin, where the Captain and his brotlier I't‘l!ltlUd. The former leaves a wife and two childreu.—Nein Britiiswichr.

An amusing story was related in the House of Commons

:1. few weeks ago by (iencrul Sir ])eLacy Evans during the tlisciissioii on the report of the Crimean Commis- sioiicrs aiigl the niisinaiiageiiicnt of the war in the ‘List. [tappcars that Lord l’anniure's nephew, Captain

llowbigging, oftlie 4th Foot, was serving in the Crimea at the time that Liciieriil Simpson succeeded to the command ofthe army at the war : and that. according to I)eLacy l~Ivans’ statcnicnt, the new Coiiiiiiandcr of the Forces, rc- I!t‘l\’U(1 on his :i.~suniiiig the duties of his ollice, ti telegraph dcspztcli ft-oiu Lord Poiiinure, the War Secretary, coiituitio ing the followin;:, words : -‘Take cure of Dowb." As may c tsily be inniginctl, the General was sadly puzzled about the meaning of the despntcli, and thinking probably that Dnwb was some iniportai-t post or station whicli the British Go- vernnieiit were desirous of retaining, telegraphed back for further instructions. turned out that Dowli meant the gallant captain alluded to, for whose advancement Lord Paninurc was naturally desirous. After the subject was nientioiicd in the House of Commons, Lord Palmerston made the necessnr enquiry, and ﬁnally explained to the llouse that Capt. )owbigging was a meritorious oﬁicer,and that the words of Lord Paninure’s despatch were as follows: ‘- l rcconiincnd Dowbigging to attention, ifhe is fit, and there is it vacancy."-—The probability is, therefore, that Lard Paninure's anxiety about the captain arose quite as much from his wish to inve the right man in the righ place as from any felling on uccount of his relatioiishi , as the Prime Minister explained that he were very deserving clﬁcer.

4

Amiritr Coat. .\li.\'irs.—We alluded it short time ago to the

ospcct of the Company owning these mines. and we have since learned soinoitdditionnl particulars, which we now lay before our readers. In the latter part of November last, the pit: got completely ﬁlled with water, owing to one of the amps giving way, just. at the time of it ver heavy rain. '1his unfortunate accident stop ied the raising of coal, and kept the miners and other bands busy puin ing out the writer till tho that week in January ; on the 7th of that month, they commenced raising cool again. and u to the 1st inst., they had succeeded in getting up 1900 chaldrons, 1400 of which were sent down to the wharf by sleds ready for shipment. In addition to this they had sunk one of the pits 100 feet, besides makin various valuable improve- ments under ground, by whioi the parties condnctin the operations expect to mice at the rate ofthirty chaldronc per day. during the summer. The miners are now working about 300 feet below the surface of the ground, and there the coal appears as if it bad on thrown in large muses, perfectly distiuct,auiong the surrounding strata, mostly shalcy rock ; in some places it is found sixteen feet square. without any other substance mixed in it, and shines clear and bright. It is generally supposed by those acquainted with mining operations that, at Ioinc distance further down, it will terminate in a large ﬁeld, the present workings being on the veins leading to the surface ; should this su position prove cot-rect,it in almost impossible to cutiniatet e enor- mous proﬁts tlitit will accrue to the stockholders of this c nnpuny; which will probably become one of the richest in North America. It has now been established beyond a doubt that all the cool that can be raised, will ﬁnd I ready market in the United States, and the selliii price at the wharf may be quoted at ten dollars per chal ron.

\Vc are ha y to learn that Mr. Ladd, the able engineer of the works, is recovorin his health and will shortly leave St. John for the mines. e have much pleasure in stat‘ also that the Directors of the Company have oppoin William Ellman, Esquire, former] of H. M. CIlIl«olII,IC this port, and now retired from t at service, to the oﬁco of Secretary to the Company : and we feel sure that Mr. Ellmiin will give much satisfaction in the performance of his duties to his new uuployors.—Monu'ng Courier

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The volcano on Owyhee is in a state of unusual activity, as you may have already learned. It has bat-.ii playing the mischief for the last six months; a. stream of liquid lava is ﬂowing from its crater from three to seven miles wide, downward a dis- tancc of seventy miles, ﬁlling gulches, destroying forests, running its ﬁery track across rivers, c., and still it flows on! The ﬂow of lava is now with- in a few miles of one of the most lovely villages and valuable harbors on the whole grope of islands. 'l‘he destruction of both appears inevitable.

One new bonnet will make ayoung lady feel happy. One "funny man” will bother I whole neighbourhood. One hiss will disturb it whole crumbly. One bad no- vcl will waste whole reams of good pa er. One prct ﬂirt will make 1 dopqn girl: on uppy for an on- tiro evening. '