JULY 15.

1950

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Those of us who were present at the International Fur Confer- ence held in Charlottetown two years ago will remember a mighty bundle of energy-Paul L. Reinhardt, who was chairman of the fox advertising committee of the United States. Mr. Reinhardt has a very interesting article in the Black Fox Magazine for June entitled, Promotion of Silver Fox Necessary for a C-meback. We quote: that the fox business has struck bottom and is slowly-very slowly -moving upward. There is doubt. however, if the individual fox farmer has seen enough hard times to be ready this time to really make a fresh start. The formation of new associations cer- tainly must not be mistaken for a "fresh start'. nor should the reviv- al of some of the sleeping associ- ations, principally those of a strictly regional character. be mis- taken for a lfresh start'."

The fox business will make a healthy comeback and will remain healthy only if the fox breeder will acknowledge the fact that merchandising is definitely a part of his responsibility. To leave merchandising up to someone else will first hinder a complete come- back. and secondly. will lead to final defeat again. It will not do In believe that fox will become high-priced again of its own pow- or before the fox farmers must undertake its promotion. This was brought home very forcefully only this morning in a long-distance telephone conversation which I had with Mr. l-fawxhurst. western manager of l-larperia Bazaar. A special promotion. unusually fav- orable for silver fox. was the sub- lect of our conversation. when I told Mr. I-fawxhiurst that we fox breeders still haven't any money, his answer was that, money or

REGISTERED LIVE

This being our sixtleth. your sincere co-operation l

with concrete foundation livestock close July 29th. BANGS DISEASE. Send

"There can be no doubt.

iarrnurton

istanding year of the show,

Your awards will be placed this year by men who have judged at the Royal Winter the outstanding Class A shows.

New cattle, sheep and hog barns

the Department of Agriculture. Ch8l'l0ttet0Wn-

IIMELY sores all times tl0llllEtl'I'Ell wmi

Silver Fox and

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Mink F arming g

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not. of itself, no article will come

back or come into prominence-

that this is the age of promotion

and that even daily necessities

must be promoted. Only the things

that are promoted have a chance of getting a play economically.

Some ranchers are now giving considerable thought to such things as controlling the sale of breeding stock and other problems incidental to the internal operat- ion of an organization. This sort of mental activity is unimportant and therefore wasteful at this time. The industry was laid low by a severe case of marketing in- digestion. We're just barely get- ting over this condition and we shouldnlt waste thought on prob- lema relating to production of fox- us, but should rathcrvuse all our energies in overcoming the indi- gestion and preparing the market to be good and hungry for the limited quantities of foxes which presently remaining breeders can produce. These relatively small quantities are sufficient to satisfy a luxury trade and it is the lux- -ury trade that will have to turn to silver fox if we are ever to see prosperity again.

It should be noted that luxury trade and scarcity of supply are synonymous. Scarcity of supply and the sale of breeding stock are incompatible. Why. then. should we even think about selling breed- ing stock? Are we going to invite every Tom. Dick and Harry to get started in the fox business again? The live foxes now remaining in the hands of the breeders are the ' nucleus of the fox industry of to- morrow. Against fearful odds .we have stuck it out up to this point. We.have gone through the fire to- gether and there is some hope of achieving unity in marketinll In the future. If we start a breeding-

STOCK BREEIJERS

JUBILEE we would ask for n making this the most out- both in numbers and qual-

Fair and many of

have been erected and floors. Entries for all All cattle must be tested for applications immediately to

Immediate Delivery

MOWERS.

CIII

HAY TOOLS

HAY toaosns

rowan Mowsns for tho following .1'racI'ors-

ramau. A saauatt c

mtuatt I-I.

"nuns IAKIS. 9 a to n. sins-ostivssv aaitss

,w. n. JENKIN -

"Your International Doalor"

Gnasioorgoslroot

On Tho FoIIowlng:-

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of the comp.

Young People's Camp of Canon Con, Churches of Prince Edward Island. Deon

THE GUARDIAN.

Y0ul18 People's -Camp Sponsored by P. E. I. Christian

Over seventy-five boys from all over the Province attended the

send by the Christian . O. Weale was in charge -Burke Photo.

stock-selling orgy we will bring a lot of new. strictly promotional elements into play which will contribute nothing whatever to the welfare of the industry. but

-will lead to quick and final ruin!

It is natural, of coufse. that there will be a mutually beneficial trading of breeding stock between now-existing breeders.

There is yet another reminder that the fox farmers themselves are not yet ready for a new era of prosperity. There are in the hands of some few producers important quantities of silver fox pelts. Some of these skins are getting quite old. The reasoning of these ranch- ers is to hold the skins till the market picks up and then pocket the increase in value. In a way. I can sympathize with that sort of thinking. for I indulged in it my- self up until two years ago. Then the light dawned! Here is our market just barely getting over a stiff dose of indigestion, and we should not expect it to swallow a bunch of stale old fox pelts (which will probably result in the equivalent of ptomaine poisoning) -that will cook our goose for sure! If we are sincere in our de- sire to have everything in readi- ness for an enthusiastic new re- ception of silver fox. then we must forego the chance of this possible additional few pieces of silver.

The law of economics involun- tarily cleaned house among usfox breeders. We all know that a goodly portion of the fox pelts presently traded are used for ex- port to Europe, thus affording us an opportunity to voluntarily clean our own house and dispose of all carry-over merchandise. pre- ferably in foreign markets as is now possible. This applies with equal force to members of the fur trade who are holding foxes for speculation.

All conditions favorable to a full and complete recovery of fox prestige will have been met only when the breeders are convinced of the fallacy of and refrain from mass production, when the fresh goods produced are of the highest quality. when no cheap, trashy leftover merchandise is available. and when the rancher accepts as his responsibility the need for well-calculated Inca handising and promotion. All these worthwhile objectives can be accomplished within the framework of presently existing fur farm organizations. and the unity of purpose of all fox farmers is required to bring these changes into effect.

The need of the hour is to meet together and work out in harmony all the problems on which we are in agreement. It is the points we agree on that count; our disagree- ments help no one. The strength we will gain by working together harmoniously will in the end over- shadow the disagreements we may have and make them unimportant. As I have said before, the Muta- tion Mink Breeders Association and the National Board of Fur Farm Organizations are without par as examples of 300d. 6590'-IV? fur farm organizations because they did not set out to form an association for the sake of such. but they did organize them.se.ves into an effectively functioning team of cooperation for the benefit of all, it is good that the few re- maining fox farmers are giving serious thought to their future, and it is to be hoped that the on- em, of this present interest can be channeled into existing organ- isations and thus renew their

strength.

- ATTENTION FARMERS

A demonstration of the new PAPEC FORAGE HAR- VESTER will be held on the property of Allison Harper at Carleton on

TUESDAY, JULY 18th AT 2:30 PM. Aeg ifanners rlho agar n grass is & hay are cordigelly invited

to attend. Your Frlendl Cocltshutt ' De er.

IlE8'I"8 GARAGE AND

SERVICE STATION E

nie Ilse aniiJiiise'oi Lliize ,

OTTAWA. July 10. 1950 -Most cf the soils of Prince Edward Is- land, formed as they were by the breaking down of soft red sand- stone, are naturally poor in lime. This has been demonstrated many times by the improvement in crops which fcllows the application of burnt lime. mussel mud or ground limestone to newly-cleared land. After lime is applied leaching and cropping gradually exhaust the supply and more must be add- ed at regular intervals. Experiments conducted at the Experimental Station. Charlotte- town, have shown that burnt lime is the most rapid in its action and the least lasting. Ground lime- stone is slow in action but stays in the land much longer. Shells from mussel mud remain in the land for many years and release a small amount cf lime each year, as the shells break down. The ap- plication of limestone to land in which there is still considerable shell has not shown any beneficial result. The same is true of some areas that have been heavily lim- ed in the past and crapped out. Where this has occurred lime alone will not bring about any improvement. as it is the exhaus- tion of the supply of humus. nit.- rogen, phosphcric acid. potash and probably some of the minor elements that have made the land poor,

Though lime is necessary as

part of the med required by plants. its value as a soil amend- ment is of much more importance.

reducing soil acidity, by encourag- ing the growth of beneficial bac- teria. by freelng unavailable plant food through chemical ac- tion and. in many cases. by im- proving the physical condition of the land. The soil may be com- pared to a factory in which, by the work of bacteria and other low forms of life. and by chemical action in the presence of warmth. air and moisture, raw materials are brokendcwn and changed so that they may be taken up and used as food by the growing plants. In most cases these processes operate best when the soil is only

mildly acid. Lime is an active agent in creating this mildly acid condition. '

Burnt lime has become too ex- pensive to be used as an economi- cal source of supply and, owing to the labour involved. mussel mud is no longer used. As a result, ground limestone has become the chief source of lime-. In the ex- perimental work with limestone at the Charlottetown station. D. C. Bchurman says. the application of one ton per acre, once in each cycle of a five or six year rota- tion. has given the best. result as indicated by the growth of clover and alfalfa. Working the lime- stone into the land has been much more effective than applications left on the surface.

In Prince Edward Island. where potatoes are a major crop. the ef- fect of lime as a cause of potato scab is a matter of great impor- tance. Experimental work has in- dicated that lime is only one way of many factors which may con- tribute to the prevalence of scab. and that the part which lime may play as a cause of scab is so in- volved that it cannot be discussed in this article.

when lime alone is used with- out manure or fertilizer, results are deceiving; as lime is thus merely a means of mining the land. The improvement in crops following its application is ob- tained by making available the fertility already in the soil. If continued. this removal of fertil- ity by cropping. without the re- turn of plant food in manure, or fsrtillaer and organic matter. will result in complete impoverish-

It amends or improves the soil by

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By Agricola seeog.-to-&-o cg TI-IE TREE BWALLOW lustrous blue-green above: under- , , parts pure white; tail notched. This bird was Very senerelly Length of adults, 5.5 to an inches

known to the older bird watchers as the white-bellied or the White- breasted Swallow. Francis Bnin, in his "Birds of P. E. Island". has much to say about it: "The White- beliied Swallow (lridoprocne bi- color) is the earliest to arrive. With the first May suns he is here, sweeping the deep field of the gentle spring sky. I-Iow buoy- ant his flight! What a grand spirit of strength, and joy, and freedom he seems as he rushes through the clear heaven over bay and barren field. shouting B cry of gladness on his arrival in his summer home!

"These birds congregate in vast numbers about mill-ponds or other sheets of water. Their circling and cycling in spiral and maze, their darting and doubling, now skim- ming the glassy surface. than shooting upward into the blue sky till lost, like fading stars, on its brow. form the most wonderful and beautiful evolutions ever per- formed by winged wanders of the air. They nest in hollow stumps in lonely wood-lands. The nests are lined with feathers and con- tain pure white eggs."

When I came to my present lo- cation, about 15 years ago, Tree Swallows were very abundant in the locality. Towards the time of their fall migration long, closely- packed lines of Swallows occupied the telephone wires as far as one could see. Then -suddenly. some morning. one would realize that they had gone without an adieu! one never sees such gatherings now. Why?

Tree Swallows are easily attract- ed to bird-houses, if certain con- ditions are complied with. Unlike

ur1AiuA)'ITE'I'0WN

Churches

NOTES -

RAILWAY GAUGE ONCE MORE

The other week I endeavored to show how the British railroad gauge had cotnc down through the years from that of the Roman chariot. and that -the 4 feet 8!; inches 0 that gauge was the mili- tary "pace" (passus) of the R0- man aoldier. A visitor drove into the yard soon after the Note ap- peared, and in the course of our talk I asked if he knew the width of- our Island railway tracks. No. he said, but some boys once tool: the tires off, from an old car. and placed it on the tracks which it fitted perfectly, When he had gone I measured another car. from centre to centre of the tires: it was just 4 ft. 8.5 inchesl A truck wagon gave the same mea- surement.

REMEMBER THE SABBATFI

when the great lawgiver or- dained the festival of the Sabbath. he had a double object in view- to remind every faithful Israelite of his God in his two-fold charac- ter of Creator and Liberator or Redeemer. (Exodus, 20). so all should rest on that day, because the Creator had rested: the whole nation, as well as the stranger "within its gates". and not forget- ting the beasts of burden. There was the intention too, to remind the Israelites of their slavery in Egypt when their only relief from toil was on such festivities. in later times it became a day of in- struction in thewprinciples of the law. while all classes met, in soci-

the Purple Martin. this swallow does not care for company. Those experimenterswho buiit"l7wo room bird boxes," find that one room only is occupied. I find that the swallows even resent the bird- houses being too close together.

After some enDeI'IIIleIlt&I work. I built three bird-houses. about five years ago, and they have been "put out" every spring since. Here are the inside me- rementa: depth of "box" 6 inches; diame- ter, either way, 5 inches; height of entrance hole above the floor, 4 inches; diameter of round en- trance hole 184 i shes. This list is of the very grea est importance; if the hole is larger, or square, be sure that sparrows will squeeze in

and oust the swallows. The roof

projected in front and PTOIBCWI the entrance from rain and sun. I fastened the "houses" to the lo feet poles by means of metal slips. A better way, perhaps. would b9 to make the back-piece a trifle. longer, top and bottom. which could then be nailed to the polo in the ordinary way.

Cats will attempt to climb the poles, and if they are young and vigorous, will often succeed. With the projecting roof they are not likely to catch the birds, but their may frlghten them away. The remedy according to a recent wri- ter, is to sheathe 3, section of the pole with tin in such a fashion that the cat can get. no foothold. Lastly, since the old nests must be cleaned out each fall. I made one of the side-pieces detachable bi! using two smaile "wire nails" to hold it in place till pried off. some birds seem suspicious of new, or even of painted "houses." henca the beginner may put. the house out to "weather" before the birds come, or he may cover them with bark well tacked on. The houses, poles and all, should be stored for the winter. Now to get back to the bird itself.

Tree Swallow tor White-bellied S.) AOU. 014 commonest 8-. I916:

merit of the soil.

I-lonsalo-I years old and years of an only. wlsaaohl

town and our. All animals the Provincial lahlbltloa.

becoming rarer, 1908. Plumags:

ATTENTION

ALI. BBEEDEIS OF SIIOITIIOIN (legislated)

The P. E. I. slaorfhorn Aloochllon la offering the aura of 000.00 In Special Prison distributed in the following classes:

I-Pals Males-3 year old and under.

I-Cowl-any ago with calf It foot.

I-Pals Iamalea-any ago-now oxhlbllor only.

I-Palr Dual Purpose Fensaloo-I years and under.

nudes--Boys and Girls under II

p Onnfaoal-Boys and Girl: under is years of

an only. Donna paid on trucking oapeaae. is miles from Charlotte

coboahowssprovlmsalylnllsoronlarolsaoosof

A. I. DIUTCII. secretary. Emma

al equality and with innocent mirth, at the gates of the city.

Philo, surnamed ".luriaeus," of Alox-Indrln. lkwt. where there was a great colony of Jews, has left some account of the way his countrymen spent the Sabbath circa AD. 40. The Sabbath, he .says.iwaa a holiday devoted to in- dulgent hilarity, abstaining from all work or an exercised for gain: giving a truce to all laborious and harassing cares; but not as many do running mad after the thea- tre, the rnimes, and dances, but phllosophising inthohighestgnse. (Tho theatre in this case was the arena: The mlmss were dramatic actors, while the dances were usu- ally beyond description). An old sermon has the words: "rho Lord's Day was never or- dained to give us a. pretence for idleness, but only to change our interest from worldly to heavenly; much less that we should have more time free to bestow on our sins."'Thls was the general be- lief and attitude of the British people till about the middle of last century. By then the "higher criti- cism" had come into control of men's thinking, and the Bible was discredited. The Day of Rest be- came a day of frivolous pleasure- seeklng for some, and of gainful toil for others. so much for Bri- tain, but I am sorry to see Canada taking the same road, with sun- day games and all the rest of it. Nevertheless "God is not dead. nor doth he sleep", and. be assur- ed, he will judge this matter I& equity.

A LARGE MOT!-'l

I am indebted to Miss Helen Cudmore, of Oystsrbod Bridge, for a lsrgs and gally-marked moth. It is the Cecropia Moth-that is the .beat I can do in naming it, for it does not appea to have any popular or common name. The Cecropia Moth has a wing-spread of 5 (to 0) inches. and I think. is the largest moth found in the Pro- vince. Its body is stout and band- ed with black, white, and yellow. The greater area of the wings, is gray, but they are margined with bands of various colors, red. black. white and buffy. Inch wing has a lunato central spot. and the fore-wings have also an "eye-spot" near the outer angle. There is con- siderable variation of coloring among individuals.

Tho Cocrapla caterpillar is equ- ally striking in appearance. It is a big green fellow with three pairs of red tubercles on its thorax. two rows of yellow ones down its back. and two rows of blue ones along each sidel Tho caterpillars are usually found on orchard trees. which besides supplying them with

food. afford a strong resting place for the cocoon to over-winter on. The cocoon is a big one. 3 or more inches long. rough, and usually

pointed at one end.

HARD COAL-

BRIQUETS COKE-

SOIT COAL-

OLD SYDNEY SPRINGIITLL ACADIA INVERNESS BRAS D'0R INTERCOIDNIAL

WE ARE SUPPLYING MANY HOMES WITH COAL and COKE