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PAGE 4 WEDNESDAY. DEC. 5. 1958

The Real Benefactor

Tile American and Canadian gov- ernments apparently are trying to outdo each other in their concern for llungarian refugees. In Vienna immigration Minister Pickersgill re- ierrerl to his government's decision to allow all unlimited number to enter the country atid, in all indirect wily. intormeti reporteis that this is a much better and more generous plan thall the quota system of the t'ltttetl States. as of course it is. Since then President Eisettltower has raised the quota considerably, al- though it is possible that it nlay be lowered again by Cotlgress later on.

Is it not childish of either gov- ernment to try to make itself ap- pear as the great benefactor ot Hutigary? As far as this country is concerned (and the same can he said of the United States) the refugees who are coming hete may propel'l,V be regarded as immigrants for whom there is a real need. Most of them will in due course repay anything done for thetn many times over. Canada is a ricii country of almost unlimited resources and the few mil- lion dollars voted for Hungarian re- lief could very well be taken from the huge annual surplus which Mr. Harris never quite seems to know what to do with. Not a single Can- adian will go short of anything, nor lwill the (iovernment be financially embarrassed, as a result of Canadian generosity for the Hungarians. The real benefactor in this situa- tion is Austria. Austria is a small and poor country with very limited resources. Yet it received the refu- gees from Hungary without count- ing the cost and without any guar- anteQ that the United Nations would eventually reimburse its treasury in whole or in part for expenses in- curred in giving these refugees tem- porary shelter and providing them with the necessities of life. These expenses are enormous, to say noth- ing of the personal sacrifices in- volved in looking after a sudden in- flux of destitute people. Nor is this all. The greatest proof of Austrian benevolence is of A political char- acter. From the moment the first refugee crossed the Hungarian-Aus- trian border there was, and still is, the threat of Soviet invasion. Virt- ually unarmed, it would be an easy prey for the Soviet killers. And the Austrians have reason to fear that in the event of an attack upon them their cries for help would go un- heeded. That an attack may not be far off is indicated, in A statement by the puppet premier of Hungary to the effect that Austria has for- feited neutral rights ny refusing to send back the unfortunate people who crossed its borders.

Despite all this, Au.-ttria has risen to the full measure of devotion for suffering humanity when it could so easily have pleaded inability to offer hospitality. With this in mind. Canadian Government leaders. and United States Government leaders foo, ought to stop talking about the ”gcner0sify" they extended to the Hungarian people. Indeed, they might very well Ask themselves what they would have done for Hungarian refugees had they been warned by the Soviet Union not to lend a help- ing hand. Would they. in fact. have done anything at all? Their reaction to Soviet warnings in other respects would almost suggest A neizAtivA answer.

Hard To Understand

- The British Government's decision lornnke A slight change in the couri- try'A nationalized health service by Iiujlng A Ahllling for each item on A prescription lA reported to, he op- - by both the Labour Opposition

Whatever else this bit of news may mean, it certainly gives support to those who claim that "people ale never satisfied." When the Labour Government of Prime Minister Attlee introduced the health service in the summer of 19-18 everything in the way of medical services became "free"-hospitalization, surgery, doc- tors' services, nursing, surgical ap- pliances, dentures, spectacles, artifi- cial limbs, and even wigs, though no one, as far as we know, has ever- explained the relationship between a wig and good health. Since then A few minor changes have been made. For example, nominal charges were made for such benefits as spectacles and dentures by the Labourites them- selves before they went out of office; and the Conservatives introduced the shilling-1iet'-prescription plan a year or so ago. tinder the new plan each item will cost a shilling. which means that patients will have to pay ally- where from .14 cents to a dollar for full medical treatment of anyiltittg from a sore finger to a tnapir opcr:-i- tion; it's a rare prescription that rat'- rics more than a half-doa-ti items and most of them have only one or two.

If that isn't still a ”libel'al" in-.tltli program, then the word has no ttn-an- ing. Canadians. who would glmily settle for a health plan providing no more hospital expctlscs. will find ll hard to understand why Britons are complaining about having to pay a few cents for full ntedical treatment iii any given emergency, with per- haps a pair of glasses, a set of delt- tures, ot' a late model wig thrown into the bargain.

A Little Humour

'l'lu-re is so little humour in inter- national relationships these days that when it does crop up it it worth a little attention. And there is certainly A choice hit involved, a little on the grim side to be sure, in peace negotiations between the Soviet Union and Japan. Technically, the two countries are still at war, the Soviet Union having refused to parti- cipate in the treaty which Japan signed with the Western powers some two or three years ago. How- ever, after much aiguing back and forth, the stage seems to be set for some sort of accord. It includes pro- visions for promoting trade, most- favoured nation treatment, agree- ments oti fishing and rlavigation in the North Pacific and A few other things.

The next step is the exchange of ambassadors. and this is where the humour comes in. The Japanese Gov- ernment says this will be done, but it will take a little time inasmuch as Communist attacks, including spy- ing, are sure to he stepped up Just as soon as the Soviet Embassy is set up in Tokyo. This means. the Japanese say. that a much bigger police force will be necessary, and until this has been arranged they are not prepared to let the Russians in.

Canada ought to understand that viewpoint well, in view of Oitawals experience with the Soviet Embassy a few years back.

EDITORIAL NOTES

An Ottawa correspondent reports an interesting rcactioli to Mr. St. 1.aurent's speech on the Suez crisis last week. When the Prime Minister came to his jibe about the ”super- men of Europe" all the Liberals ap- plauded. So did one other. He was the Egyptian ambassador, El Hues- sclni I-ll Khatib, who was sitting in the diplomatic gallery.

0 C C

United States traffic experts were "surprised" at October's low death rate from highway accidents. 3.430 persons were killed during that month. the lowest number in any October since 1949. This is one of the more serious aspects of the problem, the assumption that several thousands penions will be killed on the roads each month and the sur- prise that is brought about by a lower than avenge death rate.

I I I UN. Secretary-General Hammar- skjold says he hasn't given up hop- 'ing that the RussiAn-contmlled gov- ernment of Hungary will allow UN. oboerver-A to enter the country. This shows that he has more than his shit of optimism. Munwhlle. A

t for the expulsion of Hun- '."-"-'y"if.3'..

the on-ld body is being

ounioemt wintioodpouia um bfAAlongAAInSovietUnloniA 1.13315 lMV1llaverllnentA min

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Qhnui f 171. i.

EACH MAN is ROLLING HIS own Russia's 400 Submarines

Montreal Gnetto

The stalitlard refcrt-lice book on the world s navles. "Jane's Figlit.- ing Ships," estimates that Russia has a fleet of more than 400 sub- marines. The estimate is probab- ly very ntlar to the truth. if is substantially the game as that made by Admiral Jcrauld Wright, the Atlantic conimander of NATO.

This means that Russia today has 10 times the number of sub- marines that Nazi Germany had when she entered the Second World War. And it is expected that Rus- sia will cotnisstnn another 75 to 85 sullmnrltics each year for the next two years.

What would tilts mean for the shipping of the free world in case of conflict? Sonic idea may be had by recalling what the Nazis were able to do with their slibmarlne fleet. As the year I9-l2 ended the U-boat ('amt.:ilgn loomed as the greatest threat to the allies. Ships were lteinii sunk far faster than they could be replaced. In that year alone some four million tons of shipping went to the bottom of the seas.

The experience of-1942 showed what a flexible weapon the I.l-boat may become. When the year open- ed. it seemed that the attacks in the North Atlantic were lessening. But it was soon evident that the lull was taking place only because the U-bolts were being Assembled for a new strategy. They were to be concentrated fnr attacks on shipping along the Atlantic coast. IN WI-ISTERN ATLANTIC

in mid-January a large steam- ship was sunk off Nova Smile. The next day it tanker was lost off North (iarolinc. Before the month was over. the Attacks had spread along the full length of the North American coast. Then. early in Febrtiiiry. they had extended into the Caribbean it was estimated that the Nam. by withdrawing must of their U-boats from other points. had concentrated about H10 in the western Atlantic.

The attacks. so far from (lim- lnlsltllliz. increased in scope By tnlrl April the Nari submarines were attacking shipping on the whole coast from the bulge of Brarll to Ni-wfmindland.

The reasons for this roncentrat- lull in the western Atlantic were ollvious. Tile allied ships cnrssing the ocean to Britain were sail- iniz under convoy. Bilt shipping on the Atlantic coast could not At that time he convoyed. because of

' breaking up. the

the shortage of defensive velueil. The subrnA it-A Illlckl. therefore, could be directed to the wc.-Aker line in Allied defence. The fuel that this line wu fAr AwAy from Gar- mAiiy. on the western shore of thA Atlantic. did not sum to be All obstacle.

By May And June Allied xhipu were going down At the rate of three A dAy. The Illllllioll VIII even won: in July. when the whale length of the Atlantic AAA- board wu strewn with wroekuc -And deflled with oil.

As convoys were introduced to protect Ahlppiiig on the AtlAntlc seaboard. the Nazi AubmArlneA were directed Aout.bwArd to the African shipping routes And to tllA Arctic route to Run Some of the Arctic convoys loot AA much As so per cent of their i.-Argool. NEVER ENDED

The Nut U-boAt menace never ended. Even in thA Ipi-log of 1945. when the German Armin were U-boats. with morale unimpaired. wore recover- ing their effectiveness. New mou- ures had to be taken by the Allie: in the last weeks of the vIAr to protect their Ahlpping from devAIt- Atlon.

The font shipping loans to the Allies in the Second World War were Appalllniz. amounting to A figure count to BritAln'A oiitin on- war merchant fleet.

Yet it now Appenn thst Nut Germany entered thA wAr with A submarine fleet only onA-tooth the size of (mi now polussed by the Soviet Union. And according to Jane": Fighting Shlpii. A large percentage of Ruui I Aubmnineli are long-range ve , fully mu- ncd. in Active commission. And undergoing rlgoroun irAliilng.

The strategic Aims of such A fleet Are obvious. AA JAAe'A Fight- ing Shins puts-ll: "The nvArAnce of NATO communiculonl And the prevention of the entrlnce of Unit- ed slates nAvAl forces And shipping info the waters surrounding Eur- ope And Asin would be ill! Russian Atnteglc purpose."

Remcmberinlt how neAr the Nliziii cAmA to Achieving their strategic purpole in 1941 with fAr fewer submarines, the means At the disposal of the Soviet Union set-m formidable indeed. FAced with the smaller NAzl submarino fleet. Prime Minister Churchill ex- claimed in i912. "we Are Atrnlned to the limit!"

A SCOTSMAN'S AMERICAN LOG

Aibillerwfliilgtlllar

By Wilfred Taylor of The Edinburgh Scllllllll

lil-IVVI-Ill. Colorado--The temp- eratures at noon here yesterday was 75 in the shade. The sun beat down from A blaring hlue Colorado skv and the sight of the great mnunlmn rampart made you catch your breath. In one of the park: we saw three men Ann-buthtng. Denver in tnid-November wall like l-Itiinburlzh in A heat wave And we were glad to wAlk on the shady side of the street.

This morning you cant see the mountains. The snow hAs come and the roofs of the houses Are already white. Tomorrow it ml.V be bright sunshine again or the lnow may lAst for severAl dAys.

This l1'I0l'nInl we lingered over brnkfasi watching one of the new TV programmes in which prince- ly gifts Are showered on obscure persons in return for Answering questions or for hsvliit their priv- Ary invaded. Most of the people we have seen hitting the jack-pot Are elderly indies whose manner In front of the cAmerAu swttcbcl between coy embnrnssment Ald wry loculartty. They Are the feed women to stick compares who brim: lo the role of MAecenAs A ievldrr. IVIln('l.llIl' Affection which doesn't mp Ahort At public-IY cud- dling the formulaic oki ladies who have just won A wishing mAcblnc. A CAdIIlAc. or A trip to Honolulu. The generosity of the sponsors

on-ms iAIliAcrlInlnAte, unlimited. nciplo tilt

estlblishes your ltoclAl cute And the Aim of n'iAny young men Atoms in be to lncreuc their dol- lAr intAkr AA fut All possible. in pursuit of this golden goAl they are prepared to work with feroc- loul energy And A Iubllmo disre- gard for Any rutricilve A At- rnents Ao tint they can my o the rnortgaizes on the house And fumi- lurc And not into the big time. You can't" help admiring their will to work no tllAl they on join the country club And eniertnln their bunlneu contort: ilxlpreuively. Our own young host is An excep- flon to this rule. lie is not prepAr- ed to join in Any stampede in the direction of the liner income but- kets. He in even beretlul enough to believl IA not-inllud medic.-IA: And to inAke Aoide observation About the Americas lodlal Ar

lng which Aoi-no quaint views pn- vAll out here. IA the lower income

IIDICAI. Acuzin )fAAy people belong to in line Ciou India! Acbomn

I! H535!

AnAgs Are We tell them that there Are snags but in time these will be smoothed Away. Our guess is that solialized medicine will nev- er become established here. The opposition lobby is too powerful.

Everyone is also interested in comparative scales of income but you ciin't really base there on A simple division sum. Our host. who works on the night shift in An en- gineering plant. worked it out that he was paid the equivalent of 43.- 000 A year which could make him A senior executive in BritAln. But he doesn't enjoy the standard of IifA of A Aenlnr executive in Brit- Ain - nothing like it. CAR A SOCIAL "MUST

entirely different from what they Are At home. Here. in Denver, An Automobile is A must. if they re- lied on public transport you would wAste hours every day And become virtually isolated socially. In the less well-to-do homes the young wives plAn their daily programme on the basis of the Availability of the family cAr. And All the well- to-do people have At least two cars. Many of them have three - min for pop. one for mom, And one for junior. These earl Are extensions of their homeli and the reason thAt you don't use can trailing clulns to discharge Iiatlc electricity And prevent sickness Among quensy young passenger: is that All the children grow up in Automobiles.

Tho sAmA in true of the Auto- maiic gArbAge disposer: fitted in- to the sinks in the elaborate kit- chens. Not All homes possess then udgetu but there is talk in Den- ver of making them compulsory. You need gadgets here to live on this gadget paradise.

Yesterday we went to no Mr. Mlcbeod. the vice-consul. whose parents live in Edinburgh. He hAd been Addressing A meeting thAt morning at seven o'clock in A church. The inernationnl teiuilnn hA: thrown An unusually heavy loAd on consular officials who Are doing their best to interpret And explnln British policy. They had A tough time in the first days of the crisis before official instructions were received.

BYMPATIIETIC PRESS

The Denver newspapers have been, on the whole, sympathetic to us. We paid our respect: the other day to Mr. PAlmer Hoyt, editor of the distinguished "Den- ver Post." and had A talk with Mr. Lucas. in charlie of the editorial put. Mr. LucAs hAd recently spent three months in the Middle East writing for his paper. and as one would expect, was much more AwAre of the complexities of the crisis than the average Westerner who. like most Americans. is de- pendent ior his understanding of foreign AffAlni on columnists And broadcasters. They can't follow the turns of events as we do by study- ing reports of debates in Washing- ton for the debates in the SenAte And the House follow A very dif- ferent couru from tho debAteA in PArliAment.

PUBLIC FORUM

Aohunhuunulodncio ti! dhInod.lbA0IArdlAAdAooAu AAAA-AIIAAAIAOAAIAOIIIIAAII A-uqmuln.

&m:....:..-j POTATO MARKET REPORT Sir, - I notice in the report of

the mAnAger of the PotAto MAr-

keilng BoArd. in your December

In illuc. tbll ublutock ldltbtl

were being sold for 8l.ll - tun

i

, Medically Speaking

DIAruAAN.IAAdAAcA.II.D.

ITCII MAY BE EMOTIONAL

GOT II lfcb?

Mulls it'A caused by some emir llonal dlAiurbAnce. We've known for A long time tliAt there i: cloAA link between certain skin coAdl- ti Ind nervoul Autos.

A New Iruiuwlck. New Jersey,

llhvslclAA bu toku the problem,

A Ital! further.

Dr. 0..l. sokoloff and: A study of seven! patients suffering from severe itching of the uni Al-AA And the ext-ex-iiAl female :eAttAlA And found A strong rultionshlp betwoen the itching And "ccriAiA conflicts, fun, or problem AltuA- tlons in the pAtient'A life". PHYSICAL DISORDER

In none of the cues wAs there Illy underlying phyAlcAl disorder to which the itching could be At- trlbuted.

Most cases of such itching. or pruritus as it is called in medical terminology, are associated with two events.

First, we generally find a medi- cal history which has. directed the Attention of the patient to the affected area. Perhaps it is diarrhea or maybe constipation. CEASES T0 EXIST

llln any case. this original con- dll-lllfl usually has ceased to exist by the'time the itching begins

This itching apparently is trig- szred. sometimes much later, by some emotionally-charged event, Maybe the event involves A family Wnnlfl. loss of A job. or some other dusturbAnce laden with lllxlely and tension.

Once it begins, Dr. Sokoloff re- ports. the Itching perpetuates 11. Aelf As the patient substitutes the llleAsurAble and often sensually- tinged gnatlflcation derived from Acratching for the painful emo- tions which he doesn't know how to control

Fortunately, something can be done for such persons. x.',-ay

-therapy and hydrocortisone can

be given locally.

Just I! important, however, is the necessity of making the pg. ilent aware of the relationship of his condition And his emotional inoblems, so he can modify some of his personal Attitude: And con. flicts.

Tranqullizing drugs '"miitown," which Dr.

to subdue the itching

Auch Ill Sokofoff

-used in his studies, help greatly

to control the patient's Anxiety. So. mAybe if you calm down you can stop scratching. QUESTION AND ANSWER T.G.: I was X-rAycd And told l

The essentlxln of life here Are - ha" gallstones" I have been pm

on A fat-free diet And was told to reduce. Will these measures cAuse the gAllstones to diuppear?

Answer: it in not likely that the nllstones will disappear. How-

ever. the fAt-free diet and reduc- .

tion of weight will help to keep

you from having nil bladder At. ,

ucku in the future.

SOUTH-WINGING BIRDS.

AA if some force impelled them All As one.

some master bird-thought bidding thom be gone.

I Aee A flock of thousands rise, And then

Forget to heed. And settle down Again, And rise And fall. seems to move, Almost to breathe, A pulse-bent of dark fuiher.