THE GUARDIAN

“Coven Prince Edvard lllantl Like the Dew" Published every week-day morning :: 136 Prince

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“Tho :t.ronxest;—memory is weaker thiur _ the weakest ink.”

Lamont For Angus L.

If ever a Canadian statesman occupied the place or a Highland Chief in the hearts of his people it was Angus L. Macdonald. Nova Scotia's Preniier, who died unexpect- edly early yesterday morning. His an- cestors came from Invernesshire, Scotland, by way of Prince Edward Island, his grand- father having been for many years Speaker of the Island Legislature and finally .i Membcr of Parliament. The late Premier, himself, was a proud native of Cape Breton Island.

His characteristics were a love of his native land and province and the traditions inherited from across the sea, a love of learning and a high sense of honour. H-3 did not seek public office. His initial selec- tion as Liberal leader in Nova Scotia was carried through against his protests, but once invested with that leadership he gave fully of his time and talent in the public service.

In the same way he was called to Ot- tawa because he was needed to give bal-

ance to the wartime Cabinet and to under- take the herculean task of developing the Royal Canadian Navy from its insignificant peacetime force to a great armada skilfully designed for the task of keeping open the sea lanes in the face of submarine attack. In that position he did not hesitate to break with his leader over the question of coii- scription when he felt that justice to the men serving overseas demanded it.

His heart was in Nova Scotia, however. and hc returned there to do evcrything pos- sible to preserve an ancient and unique cul- ture and at the same time to develop the industries, communications and wealth of his native Province. He combined to a re- markable degree the romantic and practical.

Another Secret Agreement

More light is thrown on Canadian- American-United Kingdom relations in the matter of atomic energy by a newly pub- lished autobiography of British Labour Party Leader Clement Attlee, “Ar. It Hap- pened". It had already been revealed by an cxchange in Parliament between Prime Ministcr Churchill and Mr. Attlee on April

5th that a secret agreement had been signed in 1943. At the Quebec Conference Roosevelt

and Churchill made an agreement for full and effective collaboration on the military development of atomic energy, the United States to be in a preferred position in thc mattcr of peacetime utilization. Canada was to participate in the sharing of in- formation, although, as ii spokesman for the Canadian Government was quick to point out, this country was not a signatory.

Mr. Attlee's autobiography now reveals that there was a second agreement reach- cd in Washington in 1945, designed to clarify the "loosely worded“ Quebec agree- mcnt. This agreement for future co-oper- ation was signed by Prime Minister King as well as by President Truman and Prime Minister Attiee. This, presumably, was the cxisting undeistanding at the time when the McMahon bill was before Congress in .1945. thc passage of which practically end- cd international co-operation in regard to atomic energy.

The immediate impetus to American is- olation was given by the affair of Dr. Klaus Fuchs, who was sentenced to I4 years’ im- prisoiimcnt. for betraying atomic secrets to Russia. It is highly doubtful. however, that cvcn in the atmosphere of distrust that then existed the McMahon Act would have been adopted had this country drawn Am- nrican legislators‘ attention to the two agreements.

lie safe Alternative

A dispassionate analysis of the reasons behind the historic decision at Washington authorizing the H-bomb program has been given by ii New York Times correspondent. Arthur Krock. Mr. Krock reports that the U. S. leaders based their policy upon four vital propositions. These were:

1. Not to proceed from the atomic bomb to the development of thc H-bomb would eventually put Soviet Russia in sole pos- session of a military instrument wherewith it could rule the free world and devastate areas of resistance. In this connection, it should be noted that nations in possession of atomic knowledge faced no such formid- able problems in developing the new weapon on tho:e confronting the scientist: ‘who tackled the original challenge of the atomic bomb. Mr. Churchill. it is of interest to

i fin-ve, lino offend the considered opinion

that the Russians are much closer on the heels of the U. S. in developing the H-bomb than they ever were in the case of its atomic predecessor.

2. Instead of being a deterrent to ag- gression in the hands of the free nations, atomic energy would be employed to achieve world-wide aggression. Herc of course the record of Russian Communism, on the one hand; of the western democracies on the other is generally known and requires no comment.

3. The peaceful uses of this new energy would be indefinitely subordinated to those of world policing by the aggressor.

4. The only alternative was for the Uni- ted States to develop the hydrogen bomb.

Federal Taxes

It is computed by a Toronto exchange that the per capita federal tax this fiscal year will be $288 or, for the statistical Canadian family of four (computations used to be on the basis of five) a grand total of $1,152. This comes, of course, from both direct and hidden taxes. Expenditures in- clude, for each individual in Canada, $24.07 fol‘ family allowances and $25.03 for old age pensions and pensions to blind persons. Thus this average family of four pays to the national treasury in the 12 months $196 as its contribution to pensions for the young, the blind, and the old.

If in the family are two children receiv- ing the maximum family allowance of $8 a month the receipts just about balance the taxes on account of pensions. If only one cliild receives the allowance the family is

out of pocket on this account. Only if one or both of the parents receives the old-age or blind pension will the Government's cheques during the year exceed the aver- age faniily's compulsory contributions.

Families in low-income schedules pay less than the average (though no one es- capes the hidden taxes) and those higher in the scale pay more than the average.

EDITORIAL NOTES l’aii-Aiiicrican

Property owners and others responsible for lawns and gardens will earnestly join Summerside Town Councillor Clarence Steele in his appeal to the public to keep off lawn areas until the grass has had a chance to start growing.

Prince Edward Island welcomes the Royal Air Force specialist navigation class visiting the Central Navigation School in Summerside. April is not our most at- tractive month as it is in England and it is to be hoped that some of the eleven will be able to visit this Province at its more enjoyable seasons.

It is rcassurling to have the statement of Transport Minister Chevrier that the Government has no intention of winding up operations of the C. N. S. between this country and the West Indies. The Cana- dian merchant service has faced many blows and cannot afford to lose one of the few important services remaining.

At 6 p.m. today, Wednesday, the House of Commons will adjourn for an 11-day Easter recess. The bulk of the Govern- ment's legislative programme is now, appar- ently, before the House and there is no rea- son why rapid progress should not be made after th e holiday. Prime Minister St. Laurent, however, declined to specify what bills remain to be considered.

I 9 0

George l-‘rederich Handel, naturalized British composer, died this date 1759. Born at Halle, he studied there and at Hamburg, Florence. Venice, Rome and Naples before making his home in London. He offended thc elector of Hanover by leaving him to be thc protcgc of Queen Anne and \-.as consid- erably embarrassed when the Elector be- came King of England. He was restored to favour, however, and went, on to do his finest. work.

I O I

At the request of the Bank of Canada the Government proposes to introduce in the Senate a series of amendments to the Criminal Code banning the photographing of Canadian banknotes and limiting the extent to which they may be simulated for news and advertising purposes. Such regu- lations are no doubt desirable but should fall short of making it ii criminal matter to take a picture of the handing over of money.

0 O 0

Provision of expenditure of more than $150 million on atomic energy has been made in the Civil Estimates published in London for 1954-55. On the subject of atomic weaponl, U. K. Minister of Works Sir David Eccles, stated in the House of Commons that "in the hands of this coun- try and of our allies, these terrible weapons will never be used for aggression. . . We are making these weapons for the express purpose of their acting as a deterrent to

an aggressor." ___ ' -

’§"*39i'!nI¢at1o-xmc mv-oi:

We_'vd Like To Do \~/i/Pith‘ i-iiim

PUBLIC FORUM

This column I: open to the discuuion by wuocpondcnts of qu final of Inherent. The Guard in does not necessar- ily cndoriio the opinion of correspondents.

IiIEBl\IAID LAKE

Sir,—In April 3rd tune of The Guardian. I noticed a letter sign- ed by Jas. P. Driscoll of Bethel. He wislied to know whn appoint- -o me in represent Bethe] at. I meeting of the Government which I referred to in my letter of March 31st entitled "Mermaid Lake". He seemed to imply that this meeting might not have ink- Ni place, but a letter by Mr. Brazcl of Johnston's River and one from Mr. MacDonald of Mer- maid of a more recent date has proven said meeting took place.

He stated that he had talked with A number of farmers in this district who were not interested

in the water level of this par- ticular lake. Now I would like to inform

your readers that in Bethel dis- trict e have 13 resident, property- mvner . I Nave discussed the lake problem- with the’ majority of them, all of whom were of the opinion that our lakes should be left intact, and the people's rights adhered to as in former years. Since Mr. Drlscnll is not concern- rd over the problems of this lake, it should not be important to him who asked me to represent Betbel at the meeting referred to. I am, Sir, ctr‘-. J. S HORTON.

Bethol, Lot 48.

SOVIET FARM PRODLEITIS

Sir,—-I have read The Guardian's editorial on "Soviet Farm Trou- bles" with deep interest. it seems to this rural reader that trend outlined bus. indeed, a deep significance -- and not alone 10 agriculture on both sidcs of the no-called Iron Curtain but, even more important. to the ideal: and plans of free people everywhere.

I noted especially these two points: tl)—»-"The rattle popula- tion was less ilian before the Revolution. Quality was poor. The average milk yii-iii of in Soviet cow Vin! less than half flint of ii Brit.- ish row"; and 42) "Tlic slate of Soviet agricultiirc, serious last :'car, is this _\car r-vcn more scr- iriis. Unless the downward ‘drift’ can be spccdily l:hf'L'k!'ti and re- versed (and how is that to be done?) the consequences may be very far reaching."

It certainly is something to ponder, lilfll, if bnr inny he guid- co by rurrcnt news, in thc two giei-it power segments of the hu- man family (liradcd it one niav my so, by the l'.S.. and thc S.ll.l the basic problems sccm In be iliameiricnlly in contrast: the for- mer a "mix" of freedom and ni-undnncn; and the latter a “blcnd" of iyriiiiny mid scarcity.

In the circumstances. therefore. I feel that the general welfare of the whole human family will. somehow. get served by what. has been happening in Russian fields and hnrns. The situation carrlcr. my mind back In an nsseriirm by I noted U. S. farm leader: "Wher- ever you look, through history. you will find that mitlonii broke down upon the farm—-nnd when any na- tion breiiks down upon the farm, It breaks down QVt‘f’_VWhQl'P."

To me, at the present. danger- nu: juncture in international re- lationships. it. is downright on- coizraglng to reflect upon the fact that, apparently, the above socinl and economic formula work: both ways‘. and that agriculture alibi retains its age-old ability to wreck I nation of free men or of slaves. l have no spot of iii-will in the rank-and-file of the Soviet people. God bless htem: but if they are

hearted right. they are headed wrong! I am, Sir, etc._ FREE MAN. Toronto, Ont.

I Tho Ago Old Story

Great is unr Lord. and of [root power: hi: Indcntonding in tlfll-_

J10-

thc ‘

Thcro nem: to be an imp:-el- sion in many quarter: that the Soviet Government is preparing to revise the “European security" proposals which Mr. Molotov tabl- ed at the Berlin Conference: to recast it. or allow it to be rocut. into a form which could bo accept.- ed by the Western Powers.

That impression Ieems to be drawn from a single passage in a speech made by the Soviet For- eign Miniuer during the recent Soviet "election". It i: very pol- albia th:t tho pnuau was intend- ed to give that impression. to create a feeling that there might still be some purpose in a Four- Power discussion of the “Molotov plan": and that it. would there- fore bo wine to postpone any furt- her action with regard to tho European Defence Community un- til some effort has been made to explore that possibility.

But let us see just what Mr. Molotov did say. He referred to some of the objection: which had been made to his plan when he produced it in Berlin. One of them was, in his words, that it “was undesirable that the United States should findtltself outside the Eur- opean collective security treaty". On that his comment was that "no-one in Berlin put any obstacle in the way of examining appropri- ate amendments to the Soviet pro- ject”. Another was that “it was claimed that the proposed treaty would give the Soviet Union an un- desirable advantage in view of its known strength compared with other European states." On this his comment was that "the Sov- iet. Union does hot pretend to any special position in the system of European collective security."

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Nothing could be more non- committol than the first comment: nothing could be more irrelevant than the second.

He then went on to say that "all these points, in well as any other comments and amendments, must

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REI-‘RlG-

The “Molotov Plan”

By W. N. Ewor

naturally bo examfnod Ind taken into account during : further «'11:- cussion of the project."

The whole passage then amounts to a suggestion that, either in I conference or by negotiation. the Molotov plan should be accept- ed a: : basis for discussion. and should be examined in detail, with the idea that "amcndmentii" might make it pnssible to reach agree- ment on the terms of a "treaty".

Now that, as we know from Ion: experience. might be : long and even interminable proceu. Tho draft Austrian Treaty has been the subject of just such discussion: for close on seven years. And meanwhile the E. D. C. Treaty would have to be put into cold storage, or rather scrapped alto- gether, iilncc Mr. Molotov ha: been quite emphatic that hi: plan and the E. D. C. plan are quite "in- compatible."

. . .

But the question may arise (as it was doubtless intended to arise) in the minds of many people —- would it not be well worth whilo scrapping E. D. C. if that would make possible the reaching of In agreement with the Soviet Union which would really guarantee the security of Europe and avert III danger of a new war.

Assurediy, it will be said that if there were any such real pos- sibility, the price might be worth paying. If the peace and security

srops

NEURITIC-NEURALGIC

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day. zi ‘April. 1954.

Works and Highways

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NOTICE RE M. V.,FAiRV|EW

Norico is horoby given that. vvoorhor con- ditions porinitfing. tho M. V. FAIRVIEW will pro-

codd to Picrou onnuol ovorhoui on Wodnos-

DOUGALD Moci(iNNON. - htinistor of Public ‘Works and I-lighvvoyc.

Page 4 I N o T E 5 BY

Inflation can hardly be called ": drop in the bucket." But. it

definitely is I drop in the buck. —- Ottaw: Citizen.

Ono Ihoultl never min an inter- esting and lively argument by in- jectln| a few facts into it. — Kit- chene -Waterloo Record.

The Guardian

New‘ car: made of rubber have been developed. No doubt the same material used in many peo- pie‘: n e c k is. r- Hamilton Spec- tator.

The weather ha: been len than kind this year to the maple sugar industry in Quebec. An industry as totally dependent upon clim- atic conditions could hardly ex- pect to be left unaffected by the recent weather vagaries. Condi- tions this year to date have been such as to arouse fears of sharp- ly contracted ‘production. -—— Mont- real Gazette.

The old-timer wonder: whatever happened to the boyhood custom of making whistles from sections of willow, paw paw and other tree branches. He recalls that when he was : boy most every lad used to cut a piece of small limb, ‘crush the bark until the wood inside would slide freely. Then they'd cut a notch in the wood near one end, cut a sliver out of the top from the notch to the other end, replace it in the bark and then blow. Made a fine whistle, he says, >wit.h a pitch that could be varied by sliding the wood back and forth, in the nature of a from- bone. Of course, that was back in the day: before youngster: had so many ready made toys pro- vided for them. They had to en- tertain themselves. -—- Indian- apolis Star.

OH Chorioffoiowri

and P.l.f. 2

WINNING ESSAY

"rho Montrul Gazcttc reporta ih:t. the S. Grcemhleid: prize for tho beet numnier may in the faculty of applied science for the thlrd year ha: been awarded to Mr. R. S. Lee. for hi: account of ‘Tl-io Ohorlottotown Waterworks.’ Tho any i: to be printed in the trnriuctlono of the Iociety, and some copiel for private circulation. Thi: l: :n honor not hitherto con- ferred on an undergraduate. Mr. i.cai:::oncfw.c.Lea,Ecq.,of Oropcud, and the society referred to in the Canadian society of Civil Encinecrc."

-—'rhe Examiner, Nov, 30, 1888.

of all Eurcpo wore really safe- guarded in name other w:y there would be no need for a defence community of Iix European states. But i: there in fact the slight- est possibility that the Molotov Plan, even with amendments of detail, could provide any genuine anuriinco of Identity for the free nation: of Europe? I thlnk'tb:t nobody who watched the Berlin Foreign Ministers‘ meeting, as I did. can have the least doubt about the answer to that question.

Wedncoday. iprii 14. im-

THE WAY

An utronoincr on I as.ooo,ooo year: of l"u.nl:I.nlIl. alway: nice to kno gboug an bright thlnu. — to Standard. - ' 1‘ Wm"

All Bcotimen nro canny, .g comic, and when tho swam,‘ are lawyer: the extent of the cm, nines: become: well-nigh 1n¢,,¢_ ible. This being so. we'd live . great deal to know what rug 5 the mind of the lawyer: who rec. ently put thl: advertiument 1. The Glasgow Herald: “Solicitor; have vacancy for girl; expel-1,“: preferred. not necessarily 1en)_IT — Saturday Night. J

A writer in a Toronto nap. per has recalled c annlvei-3:: of the fire at the ocoanut ago‘ in Boston a little moro than 9, years ago when 493 night :1 Ditto!!! died. They won via 0 a panic and I Jninmod in: door. He also list: othre.r'd1: stances whore door: which "ma

0

inwards prevented : crowd 1;- escapinz disaster. Reminder: this kind are useful i.n any mum. cipality. -In checking on fir. h"_ ards of a building when pegp may be caught when flame: nu headway. the experts look 1 easy exits. Too few doors. an especially doors which swing in. ward, make for dangerous mu. atlons. —- Fort William Tim“.

3//-e i’-7oefi' Gina, To A EOIJTHIIIAY CALI

south wind blow from your seavvm; home, Blow o'er tho blllow:: blow o'q the foam; , The so: in wild To the windward Inc. The black rocks answer with drum moan.

Blow south wind. — blow hudco

I

Y“. The salt wave: loop, — the m.-' wall’: wot; Blow till the white Crest: laugh with might, So whine against. the dark tido cet.

From capo to capo, tho Ihoro. along, The steep cliffs echo your viking song; Sin; loud your lay ‘IV: the ri:ln| day Laugh with the wild Icud loud ma long.