FEBRQARX 4.195s

Til-OR FARMERS. srock BREEDERS and GARDENERS

TH_E_ CHARLOTTETO

5

WN GUARDIAN

..

7 NEWSY NOTES -

l! AGIICDLA

.... name-it uicy

_ a

d. u. paperslatel,i.lut bot-bonds b etsin 0,1. rrerlcusgna bleep. llutllr a on "l4 WW1" charges the purgh Marsh, on l-he Cumber- lll10°0~ (The ml . land sdc of the solway Firth. were

* - . pad in nltre ovmhwnyq by a high tide and it"

c Iii treacherous spot. I1~W1Y- It was applied diownj s a resence touch-hole of the ancient

' b the glgadelglri-‘uarlidlg-re sgustya liL-te south o; the Marsh is a monument, a heavy-looking square P111". mark- mg the spot. where Eward the 1's tent stood, on the day he died (Jufy 7. 1307.): his army was encampezi there, awaiting a fav-

able opporllilllty to cross the 1118

xire-loclo)

families could barely numbers of the poor hwc .

u...“ $0M w..-n. has»; “ha; eta-wild.

. matches ilgnted at; '

their mod-ifs, of powder be it under-

stood, Wis a short lengch of rope, to make it burn

to the "hand-

gun”, before t-he invention ‘o1 the

Burma this Ci il w , "id l}? wllhl-ry vrounduabglitrusii: were much distressed

"z well-to-do subsist, and died on the

35...». and invade Scotland. Match~ Ano er hundred years

d O lisl 81am. Ir c is again mounted on a white

m; this monument. but on the northern bank of the Solwsy. is a gm of beacon- called the Tower o; Repentance. This was erected

in the spot: - Charlie,

30111110 Prince

horse. rides

info the city, preceded by a hund-

a conscience-stricken Scott T991 Hllhllmd dbliiers. skirling tri- ularaader. who. on a stormy pas- ll-llllphflnllly. B11 takes i1 his head- ug, mm, the English gm, 0g the quarters in a house (sti standing) Firth. threw his nrisoners ovar- in llirlgllsh Street. m the Dece -

in preference u» the cattle bar o! the some you (1745) the h, had 5,019,», Duke of Cumberland arrived with

At hand. while I write. 1-! B 00D! of Antcnineis Itinerary, a kind of military road-book. thought t0 have been compil-ed about the year 320 an, Iter V, (the 5th journey) in headed "A Ioridlnio Luguvallio ad vailum nl. p. ccocxliit,‘

"Prom London to Luguvailium a’ the Wall is 443 (Roman) miles.’ This Luguvalliurn was destined to find a place in history. It was. we may suppose, a stronghold of u... ancient. Britons. taken over by ; the Romans. and if not converted mo». into a military pm. was certainly recess. "Presents a considering the abundance of in- m!!! with

scribed rabies. potery. coins. etc. the hospices dug up, a town of importance. The name was later shortened to Luell. and given the prefix “mar”. a term applied to Roman Stations: and by ul easy transition it became carliol and (as in our time)

the Duke hanged them on Haraby Hill

ancient city

and Nero was said on the insta-lunent.

M11011 111016 OOUIC b0

hi! ED811511 soldiery, and proceed- ed to bombard the “old henooop," as he called the Castle. 30th the Scots surrendered, thirty-one of

On t-he and

nrby. tgidofthis

but lest I weary you. I wll D0 back sixteen hundred years to Luguvallium. and end my story. In the museum at Carlisle is a- Roman tombstone, from which the llllfllbtlon has KILIDQC. but the housed l. im ted

en reheaded

locks, playing‘ on sh rt

l o wears a o tunic. a belt round his waist, and aparently a flaring kilt. The Ro- mans were fond of the bagpipes. to be an expert

lisle. Carlisle is just six miles NOTES 0N ISLAND PLANTS south-east of the aforesaid Marsh. " when the Romans withdrew in The Cyporqceag the 5th Century, Luguvallium was destroyed by 11W Plot-f. and rebuilt ‘Ibis is the large 8nd Wldtly-dis-

by Egfrld, the Saxon kin of North- umbrla. about the mid lo of the 7th cent-dry. The Danes, massacred the inhabitants, the houses. and razed the w‘ . “In this state of desolation" says In old historian." it: was left for two hundred years, with no inhab- itants but some fow Celia who dlf lodged themselves among tho runs" . The Normans, after the Con- quest, made a complete surve of their new possessions. In 092. WJliam Rufus visited the district and struck with the strategic po- sition oi the old Coer-Luell, left a garrison to re-bulld and fortify it with walls. However. the task was not ccrnpleted till it was captured hi‘ Dill Kills oi Scots. who built

I C8: the walls. David died in. his new ca=tle in 1153.

in 1217. after two stages Carlislc again became English. Edward I held three parliaments there and 818d! it his headquarters whenever he went- after the Scots. As has been related. he sickened and died in its vicinity. after enjoining his son to make no terms with the Scottish leader. Bruce. but to ut- terly subdue the "rebellious" Scots. He commanded that his body was to be borne at the head of the "my: and here the antiquaries tell us of an incident which ou will look for in vain in your histories. l us L.) which is Edward II had his father’: bOdy boiled in c cauldron, and the bones. sealed in a leaden coffin, carried in the place of honor! -

A futile campaign followed. and the leasllre-loving King soon left the ield for more congenial scenes. Meantime the Scots had unit.“ undel- the celebrated ncbm. Bruce “ll 1h troublesome- thst Edward again marched north °ll1Y to be slgnally defeated at WBfl-llllooklourn. Then it was Bruce's m n to under-rate hisenemy. He

“Wild "D his success by - 111i! fire and sword into mgland

ll came to carlislo- Bruce llllde his headquarters in the new 23311911181 lust outside walls. Th from thence directed the sic . we inhabitants put up a most e-

lmlned resistance, and even the m"! Elva tho enemy n. warm

d°°m= by pouring boiling water, ‘fl Yvllloe down heavy stoma. soon the heads of the beaieging ducts. 0n the ninth day. of the ‘:15: m“! ordered a amoral u- °" V116 sates of the city: ‘lag:

rush-ii

burnt silfficient distinction

or compressed stems. hollow internodes. ult family, and

short one.

available; still. when

it home-made claliirs. ornamental with

adowy

veil over the sh the swamps in ‘July.

aromatic.

is the Coils Li and one of ‘out flower ' the not.

lotion) created greet the Botan

loqifioroet lush-g:

like ooumn "hitu ‘tail. o mime opadix an e and lower still those berria.

nil-t}.

wlsed i523‘ lvig'oa‘llls1e,~§llat mulls“ driven away. “They were

llllloyed." says Lysol-is. ‘fby 151% forces coliecmd by Bis-flu? mm Y and 81i- Thomas Lacy. 'I‘l1o Sh“ on and sir-report Ogle had a them slklrmlsh with the‘ enemy: the gore ate was unliorued during leaf of the Ou ed “Wllllttl”. but‘ having reodvef-

it must howeven. be

the l1 destroy ions. fiiirrllb which

111s saddle continued to fight ~ Wllantl . ' , , , . a l. so "w" i; can... c" "- Church lnilituiti coda ‘c History. giveron vol-iced col-m to til

I'll concerning . C temp

ge-family.

the ‘apeciu. Th3 have been little use industrl y, but. tihe Beir- pus americarius has been called

(Briophorunnkhafe e r heads of white. cottcrrllke down. which (says Bain). spreads a white o

throwing up a flower-still

Indian As-iluema tri

lllm (a) solicit. found ln- amp.

rich soil, ct near woods. Because

of its curiously shaped flower it ve

It! memb- ' with

leaves. and

Huey or solid stems often three-angled, a

from the

Gramineae, which have cylindrical

with lnuallv They are a are l conse-

th

quen y rather shunned by o amateur botanist, so that the Isl- and list, prior to 1937. was a very In that year however, Professor John Adams. of the - minlon Botanical Staff. v-isiterl the Island and identified about 50 sed- gemtga-ldes a number of other

n phneing much coarser than‘ the grasses. the sedges are not eaten by cattle when the forn-ler are

pasture gets

short. they will consume some of

of

The Cotton- rather "large 1

Vfifdllfi

The only member of the sedge

virtues is the Cclinirale (Cyperus found in the sou of England: the rootstock is

The Anoeoc

‘Ibis is the Arum Iinmllv. the but-known mpgescntative of which ‘y. an African plant

mod charming

' ‘” member.

(whose name interest in

5. , Amorflh lius, ‘does Thitscif well to trons- ic

Garden. New iork, by

0V6!’

day or two.

usu y, two

parts: a colored o; white envelope

called the spathe: and a l ~ called

finger- the spadix.

different color and othe. Low down

male flowers. destined to

become rirstonourlistofliroidaisthe.

vl-

lasrerrison fought with mohv has been gi n the n o u‘... r-l 1- "m" rsraam-cailzrrlzal:

m, _ .. _ "Mus y m °f “'- d’ dam" confine the starch or

the consi isdellcotc land nutritious: obtained 1m

the corm by boiling. lftlh order

e acrimon- all

possess. (Bgltieli ocboolbo s. i1: my

, lea. Itwasolsousodul 2' when pichard I counter-irritant in rheumatic and

in France. his bowel llmila u. m2 bmllilllwhome and interred The .355. ° ills sures edifice! to ‘m

m. “W” ‘hi’ low centuries Oar-

lillm or vile» r ed mdborriesnosaid lglggs-sl a-,“l....~.i“‘l§4.‘3s t???“ madman». ' m"? ($1., eve-ml motion... _The vowoonf . . ~ ‘sleuth lime "tum-l: . Bllnbeth) m memes‘ coldbomalli mnemon-

‘for-Wight . l‘! “n, edible starch vb l:

can laI-llvinmlfliottufmlthullong

fob yields a:

only“ in] yorllfl‘

aormforswlglegliflrdfi . . . cg ‘w,

OTTAWA, JANUARY 20, EUMMABY

A good demand for e rttq the United States, couplgo with fairly moderate deliveries, served to bring about further improve- ment in the cattle market and prices ruled anywhere from firm o as much as 50c higher than “r1118 the previous week. It was mostly a sellers market through- out but shippers would bo well ad- vised to watch the trade closely for the immediate future, as any appreciable d wntum in southern markets is ely to have the cf- fect of erasing some of the recent advances in Canadian markets. Exports to the south were the heaviest to date this year some 8.100 cattle crossing the border during the week. Calves ruled steady to stronger at. all market centres, although there was little actual change in prices, while lambs were about unchanged, ex- cept at Toronto where the market was weak to 25c lower. Hogs again moved into higher ground and the advance in prices amounted to 25c to 90c, compared with last Thurs- day's closing levels. An advance of 8s took lace in the British bacon marks , bringing the top on Canadian up to 90s.

Cattle Prices Higher

Weighty steers and butcher cat-

moved up 15c to 25c at Toronto, while other grades re- mained steady. Good to choice weighty steers were taken at $7.25 to $7.50 and some tops at $7.75. while at the same good butcher steers and heifers were making $6.85 to $6.75 and a few lightweights $7. Under the influ- ence of a good demand, Montreal ruled 25c or more bigger, steers T808108 from $4.25 up a top of $7.50. With keen buying for ex- port, Winnipeg shcrwed further improvement and prices attained a new seasonal hi h. Most trans- actions were consi ered 25c to 50c higher than last week, with best strongwelght steers going at $7 to $7.50 and a fair number of lighter fleshed steers at $6.25 to $7. Buy- ers at Winnipeg were insisting that values were out of line to permit of a liberal movement. of beef into

S! o

retail channels and, while most.

killing cattle were under pressure. blwera were compelled to pay the strong asking prices to obtain their quota of supplies for domestic purposes. There was a virtual scramble for replaces-flout stock with the better grades of stock- ers and feeders going between $5 and $8. Calgar continued active with ‘prices frm and good to choice steers selling from $5.75 to $7. The trade was firmer at Ed- monton. also. with choice steers u?’ to $650. Prince Albert was fully s ady. while Moose Jaw and Ru- gina were fully steady tn 25c higli- or, the former recording a top of $8.25 and the latter $5.50. Saska- tcon was strong with steers selling up to $6.25 and Vancouver was steady, quality considered. wit-h good to choice butcher steers mak- ing $5.75 to $6.50.

U. S. Market Slower While most Canadian cattle sold V'I_T-—' _‘_'_I

aroids is the Sweet Illa or Cala- Calamus ). Bturtp- vant in his "name Plants," says that the rhQmmes of the Sweet Flag. cut into slices and candied. may be bought in Boston. These confections are said -t.o sweeten the breath; they are aromatic, tonic and stimulant The drl rhizomes were sold by the village "chemist," and we schoolboy-s used to buy a pennywortll for chewing purposes. as "Camels lbootl"

Odds and Elli:

er kind of

ranean countries, but grown field c in the Rmtefmct dis- trict of orkshire. Both the grocer

and the chemist had bundles of the roots, which were 2 01-8 feet. long, andabout three-quarters of an nch“ thick. hanging in the shop; To our request for a “penn'orth o iickerish," the shopkeeper would cut off a ienzth measured by hi! eye; and the envied purchaser was fellows, anxious to lrc a share barter. ‘I'm

euant taste.

Pomfret Cakes. In the Pontc- fract district. the roots were boil- ed in open tanks. and the deooc- vion drawn o and evaporated into c black rate. which W1! moulded into ii tle flat (ll-lies. i119 also of an old-fashioned cent. but a little thicker- Tilm were sold M a swecimeat under the name of Pomfret Cakes.

Spanish Juice. The chemist-I

must. describe her show some day- oold the confection rolled, into he form of short. black "sticks." which wo called smallish Juice.

had msnyusesThcd rsofthat day used mixed

oiled. It was ssolved in the mouth IQ-l remedy f0!‘ M18918- b!‘ ing of a demulceni nature: and it

was mined-in. and gave o rich- ncas to. c tobacco put, up M‘ chewing. ‘

Reliance, Seafidla and I'M‘- Iodtclwllptfl. Knives and ZPIIWS and

1 Weekly Livestock Iilarlzet Tleport

at Buffalo obtained prices as good as last week. a few of the lower grading slight reduction. The top .for weighty Canacian steers was $9.75. with other we ghty and lightweight. steers and heifers from $9.50

do adian calves made $13 and others from $10 to $12.50. Most ship-

er for ~Uuited States packing hous. Late reports from St. Paul indicated a slower trade with Canadian steers held above $9.50, heavy heifers around $8 and good cows above $6.50.

Exports for the week totalled 8.095 beef cattle. 208 dairy, and 659 calves. Shipments to date this year amount to 25,215 beef, 790 dairy, and 2.936 calves, compared with 3.255 beef, 638 dairy and 3,- 564 calves in the some period last year.

U. K. Bee! Trade Blow

Beef trade in the United King- dom was very slow during the week and irregular demand pre- vailed for fat cattle. Best light- weight steers at Birkenhead made up to 15c per lb. dressed» weight including offal. Store cattle trade glao ruled quiet "but there was a good demand for best dairy cows. Glasgow estimated good Canadian feedert steers at ac per lb. live

weigh .

ere were no exports to Great Britain during the week and the total to date this year remains at 157 head, all dairy cattle, com- pared with 9.988 cattle in the same period last year.

Steady to Strong Calf Market.

Veal calves sold strong through- out at Toronto at $10 to $11 for good to choice. while Montreal was stronger with the best of the offering at $10 50 to $11. Winni- peg ruled firm with best veals at $8 to $9. Calgary ranged from $6

to $7.50 and Eldnlollton was steady with a top of $7. Some good veals made $6.50 at Prince Albert. while the best on hand at Moose Jaw topped at. s7. Saskatoon at $8. and

odd top light calves at Regina made $9. Vancouver had good veals up to

flog Prices Higher.

The British bacon market ad- vanced to 88s to 90s on Canadian, while Canadian Hams remained unchanged at 98s to 100s. The British Government is allowing 15,- 000 cwts. additional foreign im- ports during the next two weeks.

Hogs were in light supply throughout Ontario and price ad- vances were general. f. gain of 90c was recorded at Toronto, compar- ed-with the close of the previous Thursday}! Bacons closed at $9.65 off true . Montreal sold bacons at $9.50 to $9.75 f. s; w. A now system of payments was advanced by buyers and discounts oi $1.25 per head on butchers $2.50 per head on heavies, and $1.50 to $2 on extra heavies was placed in effect on most sales. Buyers con- tinue to discourage the shipment of over-finished fat hogs. A mild advance was scored at Winnipeg and bacons closed at $8.75 f. 8c w. Calgary moved up to a closing price of $8.50 for bacons off trucks and Edmonton was 45c high r at $8.35. Prince Albert and Sash-mm: clos- ed higher at $8.50 fn- banana off trucks, while Moose "aw cnd Re- gina closed up 35c at 32.60 for truck bacons. .

Lambs Steady to Lower

Lambs were steady to 25c lower lit Toronto. witm good western at $8.50 to $8.75 and Ontario-fed lambs at asimilar range. Odd sales were made up to $8.50 at was not

create any special interest. Win- nipeg was nominally steady with supplies limited and good lambs at $8. Calga was unchan ed with top lambs a. $7, and monton, likewise. remained unchanged with good lwmbs quoted up to $7.25. Moose Jaw had a har-"ful of good killing lambs at $7 to $7.25.

CATTLE MARKETS

TORONTO sold 5.887 cattle at. m advance of 15c 75c on best weighty steers and butcher cattle and steady on other grades. buyers took 700 cattle to the United States. Good to choice weighty steersmade $7.25. and a. few top heavies $7.75, with plain weight kinds downward to $5.75. Good butcher steers and heifers were mostly $8.35 to $8.75 with a few tops $7. Butcher cows ranged from $3.25 to $4.50, and canners and cutters $2.50 to $3. A few choice fed calves were moved out at $8.50 to $8.75 with most sales from I down to l7. Blockers sold steady at $4.50 to $5.50. Milkers and - springer s were slow and slightly lower at around $75 for

' EAL. absorbed 1.333 en- tle and with a good demand pre- vailing prices were 25c or more

h . st a a- e420 b? "so %’l'l."3§3 ongsmmoa

butcher cattle sold at a .

wnward to $8. One lot of Can- ,

meats from Toronto were on ord- ~

» coNsuR

MABSIIFIELD.

A WEEKLY COLUMN OI PB-AOTIOAD OPINIONS 0f ‘Ilib 1 VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING TIII USES AND ABUSIB 0|- NATURAL BISOUBCIB BY MB. LUDIDW JENKINS.

VATION I _

(Continued)

Take the case of the lumbermau as an example It is easy enough for the man in the street to propose passing laws to force the lumber gperator to clear lllgnand burn the

ash (tops and be ordinarily left in the woods when the logs are taken out) so that as time goes on, such refuse may not be set- afire by a careless match with a resulting holocaust and neat loss ‘of! contiguous timber and possibly,

life. If such a law were to take effect in the northeastern pelrt of North America for example. it could not be enforced. If it could be enforced, there would be no l-um- bermen- The questions of market price financing here intrude and give the theoretical conservationist a smart setback. Where the lumb- erman may borrow money from his bank for cutting timber and getting it to market. no bank has ever yet lent any moneny to an operator for the purpose of bum- lng slash at, say, a cost of ten dol- lars per acre. In fact there is but. little timberland that has a secur- ity value for logging purposes ten dollars per acre. If a lumber- inan could borrow enough money to clean up the slash, he would have to add it to the cost- cf pro- duction and enter the market with the higher cost than his competi- tors. In fact his slash clearing and burning would probably nearly equal his cost oi logging, and he would be out of business before he got well started. Still. the very man who insists on such a law would be the first one to object to the high cost ttrrlllae-r and its various products, such as paper or fumi- ure.