PAGE r.qLL2

THE GUARDIAN.

THE GUARDIAN

v-Authorized no second Clan Mail Pout Office Department. Ottawa. The island Guardian Publishing Co.

-Editor and Managing Director. Ian A. Burnett. Auoclato Editor. Frank Walker.

CIRCULATION "CONN"! l'rim.-a Fldwanl island like the IIDIV"

"The strongest memory is weaker than the weakut ink”.

1HARl.()T'I'l:2TOWN IVEDNESDAY. SEPT. 2, 19-fill

Electoral Tangle In Kings

The executive of the Kings County Pro- gressive Conservative Association has inti- mated its intention of laying charges under the Canada Elections Act, with iespect to

alleged violations of the Act during the F0(l8l'di election of August 10th. It has not

been indicated whether the charges, if sub- stantiated, are to be used as a means of unseating the successful candidate in Kings, Mr. Thomas Kickham, or whether it is merely proposed to let the law take its course in respect to particular individuals who may have been guilty of infractions under the Act. In any case, comment on the validity or otherwise of the charges would at this stage be entirely out of place. it is the right of any citizen or body of citi- zens to bring such matters before our courts if they feel justified in so doing, and the public can afford to await the decision with confidence in the fairness and equity of the proceedings.

The issue is of more than usual interest in view of the fact that two weeks ago Premier Matheson, for the Provincial Gov- ernment, recalled the writ for a Provincial by-election, indicating that it is considered that there is no vacancy in the Provincial Legislature in respect to Third Kings. This alcp showed that, in the opinion of the Gov- ernment, the Federal Conservative candi- date for the County, Mr. John A. Macdon- ald, had not effectively resigned his seat. The inevitable implication is, of course, that he was improperly nominated for the Fed- cral contest while still a member of the Provincial House.

Mr. Maedonald, on the other hand, main- tains that he did effectively resign from the Provincial Legislature; that although the Provincial Act states that a resigning mem- her "may" make his declaration before two subscribing witnesses", it does not necessarily require that formality. How the correct interpretation is to be arrived at does not yet appear.

Issues of this kind show how important is the task of drafting legislation clearly and unambiguously. Our laws are the re- sult of a long process of trial and error in this respect, with the filial burden resting upon the courts of determining what the law-makers had in mind. The Canadian Press has given wide publicity to the elec- toral tangle in Kings, and we are likely to hear more on the subject before it is dis- posed of. The pending actions under the Canada Elections Act may serve to bring the whole issue t.o a head. Let us hope, at any rate, that they klo not add to the con-p fusion.

Education in Ontario

iii-cii the wealthy Province of Ontario, has its teacher shortage problem. To meet, it the Ontario Department of Education” proposcs to grant a permanent first-class. teaching certificate to all teachers after completion of two years' training. This' move follows :1 long period of progrcssive' depreciation of the standards of qualifica-I, tioii for tcacliing, during the war and since, which was hrouglit to a climax by the ad- mission of Grade XII students to teaching after a five-wceks' summer course. Now' the Federation of Women Teachers Associa- p tion are complaining. They have lodged a: protest with the Ontario Government on thel ground that professional standards cannot be maintained if no differentiation is made between those well qualified and those of inferior standing.

The women teachers are fully aware of !he alarming teacher shortage, says the Globe and Mail; but they take the long view that emergency measures ought to be xcknowledged as such. They hold that un- qualified persons ought to be yanted temporary certificates, good only for a cer- tain period unless they improve their stand- ing by further effort. The permanent first- rlass certificate should not be made mean- ingless as a standard. Least of all should it be made a bribe to get young people to go into teaching. ,

"There is an element of self-interest in this position," says our Toronto contempor- ary; "but it stems from a sense of personal responsibility both to the teaching profes- sion and to the children it serves. Dedicated people who determine to make teaching a life work. and obtain the highest level of qualification for that form of service, ought not to be insulted by having everybody and olindry rated on the same level. But what in or even more urtous importance is that

3 ada's fourth largest

ering teaching as an occupation if their at- tainments are not to be recognized and hop- ored. The chief losers in that case will be the children of the Province.”

State Portrait commissioned

Her Majesty the Queen has been gra-- ciously pleased to select Mr. James Gunn, A.R.A., to paint her State Portrait. The Minister of Works in the United Kingdom Government, Sir David Eccles, has accord- ingly commissioned Mr. Gunn to produce both the original painting and one master copy. I

Before the Rennaissance, says ”This is, Britain", the appearance of Sovereigns was y conveyed to their subjects by images!

I

whether in paint, in sculptured effigies or on coins, of extreme formality in which the emphasis was entirely on the embodi- ment of monarchy rather than on a portrait v of the actual wearer of the Crown. ',

Something of this impersonal function survived into more modern times; ,Holbein's portraits of Henry VIII, with all their su- perb technique have an almost oriental re- moteness, and many of the portraits of: Elizabeth I are concerned more with thcl emblems and achievements of royalty than I with the human being behind them. The' State Portrait also has to combine, with an accurate likeness of the Sovereign, an im- pression of the splendour of the monarchy to which he or she is the heir.

It has been customary for the State Portrait to be produced soon after the Coro- nation of the Sovereign and for it to be placed in the Royal Collection, but it also has to serve as the prototype from which. copies can be made for distribution to Gov- Qrnment Houses, British Embassies and other British government buildings abroad. It is thus the approved, official likeness of the Sovereign for dispatch overseas. The portrait must show the King or Queen in Coronation robes of State and with the re- galia.

Trade With Japan

When Mr. Robert Mayhew, former Min- ister of Fisheries, was appointed Canadian ambassador to Japan his first assignment was to facilitate the negotiation of a trade treaty between Japan and Canada. During a recent visit to Ottawa, where Japanese negotiators are at work with Canadian Government officials, Mr. Mayhew made a statement on this subject moreicandid than the usual language of diplomats. He said that Canada should try to erect a reason- able balance in its trade with Japan. Last year, he pointed out, Canada sold Japan S115,000,000 worth of goods and bought from Japan to the amount of only 312,000.- 000. This is obviously a one-sided bargain which Japan, being short of dollars, cannot long support.

"It is becoming increasingly evident;" Mr. Mayhew added, "that foreign trade is even more important to the economy of Japan than it is to the economy of Canada, since Japan must import a high percentage of her foodstuffs and most of the essential raw materials."

Japan, Mr. Mayhew observes, is Can- foreign customer-a customer which will buy increasingly from this country if it can earn the necessary dollars by sales here. Our sales in Japan, Mr. Mayhew emphasizes, will depend on Canada's "willingness to increase the level of imports from Japan.”

EDITORIAL NOTES

On national health insurance the medi- cal profession may have to choose what it deems the lesser of two evils. Worse than" mere compulsory state medicine, would be state medicine with the medical profession denied it voice in administration.

iv 0 9

Saturday closing for Charlottetown banks which will be effective from the mid- die of this month is in line with the trend elsewhere. Until cows can be induced to go on a five-day week, however, as pointed out by Senator Jones, the farm section of our population will unfortunaiely be unable to 1join the trend.

Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery has criticized newsmen for writing adverse- ly about Canada's 27th brigade in Germany. Such opinions, he believes, should have been voiced to -the chief of staff or the minister concerned. These responsible individuals, however,' have their proper sources of in- formation. The press is responsible for in- forming the general public of conditions as they can be observed. '

0 O O

The Great Fire of London broke out this date 1666 and raged until the 6th. Starting in a bakery in Pudding Lane, it devastated 400 streets, 132200 houses, St. Paul's Cathedral, 89 parish churches, the Guildhall and numerous public buildings and hallo. There were practically no casualties, but 200,000 people were made homeless. Wren wished to lay out the city on It great overall. plan but it was rebuilt almost on

pooplewilirllmply

the "some foundations. L. I

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UHA R LOTTETOVVN

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PUBLIC FORUM

This column In open to the diacuuion by -.ori-eapondento of question: of interest. The Guardian does not necenar- Ily and the opinion of oorrupondenta.

IMITATION VERSUS ORIGIN- ALITY

Sir,--I was obliged to close my discussion of Aug. 27, because other duties called me from the pen, with your permission I shall con- tinue it. to the climax I had in mind.

My conclusive opinion, that natural genius was beyond the jurisdiction of educationlsta. to ac- cept or reject, left imitation in its own artificial field to be used or discarded, as one of the principal tools of education. For my part I prefer to retain it as one of my servants until I find a better in- strument to supplant it.

At. this moment we might. ask! "what exactly is the purpose and end of imitation? Wllmt does the true creature artist get as a stu- dent; from imitating the woik of other artists? Why not at once without ado, begin his own crea- tive work-the painter for example? Why should he no to college, study. read, imitate and practice for years. when he might begin at once with his own genius?

Because, painting like all other forms of art has set: of rules that do not change-rules that have been discovered and worked out by former artists, with arduous, effort and study. and that are short cuts to expression in farms of art. The laws of Perspective, for example. set forth by the Greeks. Tue, the artist, with nislzinalily a cldonvtly discovered nus law. no also, those governing the reflec-i than of light and shadow, but it is in great help to the modern genius to learn these at college rather than spend speeding modern hours unearthing them for him- self.

'I'hese rules and laws are numer- ous in all arts. and while they form the mathematics. or frame- work of art, they are as lndis-I pens-ible to natural expression. in music, painting. writing. etc. as the frame of a church. to the finished structure, Can you imagine one of those beautiful French Cathedrals, having been built without a plan. or frame?

What then is the purpose of imitation? Simnlv a handy means of learnimz rules that have been tested and sharpened ns tools s1 that they may be ready at hand when the moment arrives when he may wish to do creative work for himself,

If it. is A. painting. he will have learned the laws of perspective. light. and shadow. colour blend- inp. contrasting. harmony ofcnlnur, balance, etc. etc. and to these he will add his own original crea- tlve art, his personality and sense of harmony in thought.

suppose he is an author, he will have learned to spell. capitalize and use his Grammar rules, as well as those awernlnz clarity in

mpositlon. often called syntax. But especially his Grammar. which forms the basic framework or mathematics. of his lanquatze. Grammar is vi science indetd. The science of building a language. Aqaln the cathedral would Doorlv display itself without its founda- tion framework, by I carefully drawn plan.

But if he would otudv music, again he will do much better with his natural genius, if he has first learned the laws governinrz ryh- thm, sound. Guldo'a scale of notes, vibrations, and their relation to pitch. the mathematical lawn and form: for heat, etc.

We cmnot any that these mathe- matical lawn and rule: cannot. be lnipi-ovod upon or changed, There may be better ways of wrttlnn. painting, or bounding our arts but. of one thing we are sure, it. will be the work of the mathematician. or the aolentlu to dlocovor those better wayl. not the artist Gener- ally. however, the ooienttftc think-

i or and artist. are combined. Should

The nun shall he no more thy light: by day: neither for bright.- ness shall the moon give light. unto thee: but the Lord ahall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory. Thy Iun ahall no more go down: neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the Lord shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourn- ing shall be ended. Thy people also ahall be all righteous: they shall inherit; the land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glori- fled.

I say "generally"-? It must have been so, for the Greeks, who, be- ing artists gifted in expression of beauty in colour, sound, and langu- ages, found also the mathematical laws and rules that became the basic framework for later art. The rainbow maybe God's work of art, but behind it, and in it, lie uie laws of science that produce it, or give it shape, the framework, built. by God on whidh to hang this gorgeous mantle of light.

It is true that human nature. tends to eaitremltiea in all things; like inertia in science, Vance in motion it. prefers to remain no and go too far. if not arrested by some power of thought; at rest it prefers to remain at rest, Wisdom alone strikes the happy medium in all things. of Gram- mar we might say this wisdom, if at work at all, missed its mark. Grammar is the mathematics or frame-work of our language, With- out thls carefully planned founda- tlon, it would be very difficult to rise to height: of art. in the use of larguage as 5. medium of ex- pres.-sinn.

Again the Greeks and Romans come to our aid and have pas- aed on to us o. pattern that is amazingly simple and clear; I pat- tern which, though simplified and adjusted to the various EuroPC-in languages. English, Spanish. French. Italian, ctc., still retains its basic standard laws, parts of speech. tense, mood, case, etc. The lr-Jitator or copyist. can get on spendldly without his Grammar because he can imitate others, copy no end. but the lingual artist, the creative genius. will not be content In do this. He prefers. naturally. only the mathematical frame, the rules or tools, with which he may express himself and his own ideals of art.

In earlier years. however. more attention .wa.s given to Grammar than today, because of the absence of reading matter. radios, and the numerous mechanical lanlluagc devices at our command in the present.

From 1500 A. D. down to 1900. the student wnehpractically required to take his language apart wnrd by word, jumble it and put. it to- gether again by R 59' 01 "11"- There was little else for him I0 learn in school in those days. in Europe, Besides the student from 1500 on had, as his basic studies. Latimand Greek literature of the Renaissance, with the patterned Grammar or science of the struc- ture of luigunnes-not the art of the structure, Without I. thoroulh knowledge of the Grammar used as a pattern or framework for English. study of these languages nnd remain! of the Renaissance literature, would have been impol- sible.

The Bible and Shakespeare are typical example: of the moat. ele- gant use of the rules of Grammar. employed by than famoul pellet: of production. And how beautifully they have ' t' his ' framework! To what contacts: of grandeur they have men to unbel- llolx with their own thoughu, this borrowed frame or nlonco of words!-Could they hnvo, given us these works of undying beauty without. in wall -planned structure to fit. their geniul upon? The cl:-ookaand nnniamt They made their own. They had the two types of culture. the "thinker" and the artist.

I am nn nuthorlty on the Bible.

THE RUNAWAY

Once when the snow of the year was beginning to fall,

We stopped by a mountain posture to say, "Whose colt?"

A little Morgan had one forefoot on the wall,

The other curled at his breast. I-lc dipped his head

And snorted to us. And then he had to bolt.

We heard the miniature where he fled,

And we saw him, or thought. we

saw him, dim and gray,

Like a shadow against the curtain of falling flakes.

"I think the little feilo'w's afraid of the snow.

I-le isntt winter-broken. It isn't play

with the little fellow at all. He's

running away.

I doubt if even his mother could

tell him, ishakee,

It's only weather? He'd think she

didn't knowl

Where is his mother? He can't be

out alone."

now he comes again with 3

clutter of stone

thunder

And

And mounts the wall again wm, whlted eyes

And all his tail that isn't hair up straight.

He shudders his coat as if to throw off flies,

"Whoever it. is that leaves him out so late.

when other creatures have gone to stall and bin,

Ought to be told to come and take him ln."

-Robert Frost, ,

in interpreting the leaching, of tchrist. versus the Pharisees."

A5 I read it, the Pharisees "bg. lle'ved' they were fulfilling the law to the letter. but as ii matter of fact, they had misunderstood the

. underwear.

have rung with complaints about

i Don't. look now. but. in Winter an X-ray invest.iga.iion might reveal that many men and women, still keep themselves warm with long The remaining mar- l:et for longies is said to be "siz- able" by in leading manufacturer of artificial textile fibre. Twelve manufacturers are said to be mak- ing underwear with the stuff, which is molhproof, warm and soft. - -Philadelphia Bulletin.

The nmst decisive moment in picking up a bad habit. is the first imomcnt. Tho decisive crime in the mnking of a criminal is the first, perhnps not-too-serious, breach of lille law. With both the bad habit ;zind the crime, it is so tempting to say: ”Just this once"-but. once can easily become twice, three ,three times, four times; and the pattern is set. ”It can wait. until tomorrow" and "just this once"- pthey are dangerous sentences. They postpone the good things, they en- :courage the bad. There is an old 'saylng; "Well begun is half done."

-from an editorial for young people, Hamilton Spectator.

Almost simultaneous report: from two widely separated quar- ters tend to emphasize the fact. of the passing of an older and more picturesque age. In London the Times' correspondence columns

the disappearance of the carnation buttonhole, that "badge of breed- ing" of the boulevardier; and from Canberra, on the other side of the world, comes the news that the Australian diplomatic service is to be stream-lined to meet the needs of an ever-changing world. Here in the disappearance of two aspects of an older, more elegant and more ,lelsurcly age, an age characterized "in diplomacy by the faultless cop- per-plato writing of reports, as in the hautc monde by the inevitable boutonnlere. Today the diplomatic use of the quill pen has given place to the use of tho typewriter and the telegram, while the traditional white carnation is no longer econ- omically fensiblc. -Halifax Chron- icle Herald.

A New York department store ask: all its applicants for jobs "What happened to your last one?" Here are some of the answers: "Just because I gliined fifty pounds while packing candy, the boss iii- sinuated I was eating too much." "I was secretary to 3 big on man, but his shoes aqueakcd and he al- ways were white socks and a red satin tie. I ask you, how much can a person stand?" "I was driving at cab in Florida because my wife wanted to spend the winter on the beach-but. she divorced me to marry a lifeguard. when they hall-

SEPTEMBER 2, 1953

Errand Of Mercy In An Age Of Speed Lhlotes Bx 1-He Way 2”;

may well su l t

velopmentl ffchmgfges I1?” lb. ”clIIulcs" of tomorrow. Also H" one consciously or dellbei-ale'l.v 9' out to make himself like" W music? Does he not. mine, H "9"? emotions and intellectual .C;)u”'3l' el and then prefer tnvoluirpm the music which stimulates .1”? Good or bad music in that cvuvml is still -"cultured" in one St'l'l-.(f2 hp another-.Toronlo Globe Zlllfli x1-all

The over-increasing cm..g,. medical treatment, among on things, has resulted in an llll” W ed life expectation in this ,.,,L::M' as elsewhere, with the result '1 the average age or 1119- 1, MM is rising; and ii propel-.,,,,ni1. ,1? greater attention is being 1.31.1. m,5 the problems of the older lltcno bers of society. So much g. ml. the case that a so-called Gm-nm,:S logical Society has just held . convention in San Fraiicism has come up with some iiolcunnh, findings. Chief among these is it: discovery that, at least. in the v..1' executive class. fully three men 5.3 of four do not want to letiro, 1-hm. feel that i'ct.irement would '