MARCH 414.‘ _ 1949 "

blorwegiahs

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Ready For Invasion

(Editor's note: This article, one of s series. describes Norway's pro- pii-stlon for defence.) ' _

By William Boll > (Canadian Press Staff Writer)

951p, March 12 — (Cf-‘l-More than 200.000 Norseman are ready l, u, moment's notice to defend their country. ‘Their weapons are always in their homes.

Their duty is to defend key ports snd alrfields that vgould be Rugslflll objectives if there is an “QM-est Wll‘. and to hold them until help comes from the west.

Ail male Norwegians between 2i and 00 are liable to military scr- vlce whenever the government de-

CIOQS. I unquestionably the county's

“is; 1o years apart these ais- im smbraco each other at Ellis “mil, whore 489 D.P.'a from a ssaied train that carried them ssross the U. l. are waiting to nil to Genoa. Italy. The D. E's m from Shanghai and their fin- si destination is laraei. Mrs. Eliza Zeynol, right, weeps as she olasps lisr sister, Mrs. Mekmina Buffeil sf Annapolis. \

heartbeats firmly with. the west.

In the last elections Communists won only one-tenth of the seats in tho fill-member Starting which is elected by proportional represent- ation. ‘The ' Labor Government has ‘id ssats, a majority of_ one. 1n foreign pffairs it is supported by the ‘Conservative and Liberal op- position.

The Norse respect Russia's fight- ing record. ‘rhey decline to an- tagonize her by allowing foreign states to use bases on Norwegian soil. Norway's airport at Btavanger. for instance. with iiza largest all-

. weather strip in Europe, wouldibe

invaluable to‘ either East or West. Also important are naval and air bases at Irondheim, Narvlk and Gardernoend, near Oslo. _ Norwegians view "the situation" as a war of nerves: R/ussia trying to out-manoeuvre and increase her power by political and psychological means; ilie West trying to contain ha: the same way.

. The nucleus oi Norway's citizen army is a small, highly-trained officer corps. Manpower. is provided by conscripts who have completed the one year's military service ro- quircd of every Norwegian when he becomes 31.

Dispersed among the civilian population are veterans of six brigades.

Training by the "irregulars" is keen. The 300 members of one Oslo unit uniformed and equipped them- selics at their own emensc.

Norway's defence would be on guerrilla lines but abs prefers to call it “independent. harassing battle)! lest her soldiers be con- sidered civilians and, if captured, tiiot instead of being treated as pnsoners-of-war.

Her air force officers still hold R. A. F. commissions and many were trained in Canada. Their miitfirs and Vampire squadrons have just_ enomh aircraft for training. but the Mosquito and Catalina wings (for patrol service) are operational.

Tho navy is comparable in strength to the Canadian. and. is best off of the three services as far as equipment goes. '

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World ilay 0f Prayer Service it Cavendish

The Cavendish Auxiliary of' the W. M. S. of the United Church. with W. old. S. members of the Baptist and Christian Churches as their guests, met on Friday after- noon. Marin 4th. for the World Day of Prayer service, which was prepared this year by groups of Consecrated Cisristian Chinese wo- man in different parts of China.

The president. Mrs. George Cough, introduced tho program by a call to prayer. Elie was assisted in this very dmprcsslve service by Mrs. Cedric Simpson of the Baptist Church. li/Irs. Allan Wyand of the Christian Church. Mrs Alfred Moore. Mrs. George McCoubrey arid Mrs. Willard Nicholson of the United Church. Special prayers were given by Mrs. Ernest Mac- Neill, Mrs. Olaf Stevenson, Mrs. Lewis Toombs. Mrs. Milton Green and Mrs. Cedric Simpson. Mrs. Loma MacNeiil verycapably pre- Bided st the organ throughout the service. The projects to which the offering was given was related by the t president. The offering was taken and amounted to c530.

A very interesting article on the World Day of Prayer as it is kept in different parts of the world was and by Mrs. Herbert Wyand. Mrs. Allan Wyand spoke a few words on the importance and power of prayer and closed tbs meeting with llle Dedication and the Benediction. Due to sickness and bad roads only nineteen women were able to bs present.

A short meeting of the Auxiliary was, held at the close. Minutes were nod and adopted. The presi- dent read a letter from Mrs. J. D. MacFarlane. Preabyterial President. in which she moks of the great need of more missionaries, build- ings and equipment for our mis- slon fields. A challenge to do even better than in 1948. She also stressed that any letter regarding Asixlliarywork. received by any secretary in any auxiliary. must be taken to the next auxiliary meet- ing and read there.

The Community Friendship Sec- retary ‘firs. David Johnston. re- ported 11 sick calls and 22 cards sent. April meeting to be held at the Manse with Mrs. Robert Mac- Kenzls as devotional leader. Mrs. Lewis Toombs to have missionary for prayer. Lunch committee, Mrs. Alvzlt l\iacNeill and Mrs. Lewis Toombs.

An Easter pageant for our Easter Thank-Offering service was aug- gested. ‘Iii-lo executive to choose the same. The members were also re- minded to bring something for .Misslon Box to the next meeting. also that a quilt was to be quilted at Mrs. Milton Green's before next meeting.

Meeting closed with Mizpah Benediction, following this s. social time was enjoyed and a

elicious lunch served by the

ostess. assisted by Mrs. Artemas MacNclll and Mrs. Milton Green.

WORTHING. Sussex. England -—- (C?) -- Miss Emmie Rooke cele- brated her 103rd birthday with a

jaunt in the country.

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Believes British Commonwealth Ties May llEEiRQVlSlOII

(Editor's note: This column is presented as an indication of American opinion on major world events.) .

By J. M. Roberts, Jr. (Associated Prue News Analyst)

It begins to look as though the British Commonwealth of Nations mayhave to change some of its rules to prevent the secession of the projected new republic of India.

‘rwics within recent months the Indian Prime Minister, Jawalnrlal Nehru. has referred to India's long-standi determination to ba- ooms an dependent. sovereign republic." Ones he said “our re- lation with the United Kingdom and the other countries in the Commonwealth is a separate thing. which is not affected by the (pro- posed’) ctmstltution.”

Advices from India say no one has yet explained how the can become an independent republic and stllliremain a member of the Commonwealth which now requires allegiance to the King.

The future relationship. tlicas advices say. depends on what re- vision of its present structure the Commonwealth ‘is prepared to ac- cept. and what‘ type of allegiance India is prepared to give in re- turn.

British authorities know the situation is delicate. Many Indians, resentful of past British rule, want to dissolve all political ties. Indian Congress leaders. however. viewing the troubles which have developed in the world in the two years since they pAUInlBQd to establish a re- public, are bellved to be taking second thought. Since British in-I vestments and technique bind the economies of the two countries in a. very material way. retention of a place in the Commonwealth may prove extremely valuable. Informed British opinion seems to be that there is about a 50-50 chance of working out some agree- ment. In India there is discussion of some sort of special treaty to do the job. Britain thinks more of revisin‘g the Commonwealth structure, peiliaps involving some departure from the present form of allegiance to ‘the crown. "Everybody concedes that the Commonwealth of Nations is com- pletely illogical - but it works," is the -way one source puts it. "The Commonwealth has no rigid frame- work. It has evolved i0 meet the needs of the moment. Who can say that it cannot be changed to solve delicate Indian problems?" Britain is being very careful to avoid nny hint of pressure on India. She wants India to realize that dominion status does not mean British domination.

Trade preferences within the Commonwealth are an important part of Britianli; post-war recovery effort. To lolse them in India would be very unsettling at the moment. although London has been under pressure from Washington to relax lhem in, f or of generally improved world trade. This pressure will probably become greater as Britain's economic emergency lessens.

But for the moment the United States. although still firm in its support of independence for sub- merged peoples. wants nothing to happen that can slow British re- covery. India has independence in fact. Attempts lo sever ties which have become economically natural. merely for political purposes, can do little if any good.

Mixed Fertilizers 0o ‘Back A Century -

The use of barnyard manure is as old as agriculture itself. its value was known to the‘ Romans, and a tenth century text-book indi- cates that the Arabs too we're acquainted with its properties an with‘ the value of soil , ‘ Old text-books also give much information about such substances as waste wool. bones, wood ashes. and fish refuse. for fertilization. Early in the nineteenth century, chemists and botanists began study- ing llie phenomena of plant growth and by 1844 had shown that all the substances used for manure fall into groups containing one or more of the elements. nitrogen, phos- phorus. potassium. organic matter and lime. .

The first three of these could be made from materials not perviously drawn upon by farmers. and could be manufactured into products easy to transport and handlron the farm. They became known as arti- ficial fertilisers, or as more co - monly known today - commercl fertilisers. .

Th0 5W6! of. both plant growth and soil fertilisation has made great strides since those first fundamental studies in 1000. But when in i848, J. B. Isawea of Rothamsted. England, established the first fertiliser factory and demonstrated their value. he set "I8 It!“ for improved agricultur- al woduction in ‘Europe, particul- lfll’ in mgland. Prince and Gflmnv. which played its pm in gillllfilfll foodstuffs for the rapid-

incresslng "population. Since '11" "H" the use of commercial fertilizers has extended to almost i" Peril pf tbs world.

_...._._......l..____ T811080, Norfolk, hgland -

(CP) - In five years only one

mail has been fined for being

drdnitand

Pilot Tells 0i. Pei-lion Flight With Imm A igrants

arson snoswmi

-'I'hers is romanceand adventure in charter flying, but. all is- not beer and skittles, a veteran United States veteran pilot told reporters here today. ~ Capt. James A. Cannin of Ito- chester. 'N.Y., was interviewed just boom he took _ off for Bermuda with ililBuropean emigrants mboard his C-M en route to - Caracas. Venezuela. Cannin and. his weary band of travellers touched down at this airport near St. John's last night after one of the most parli- ous crossings in the experience oi

flying at 1S.

One of the aircraft's four an- ginesdiedonthosecondlcgofa bop between Paris and the Asoros and‘ he was forced to fly several hundred miles on three. ’I‘he flight began at Rome.

As the plane neared Newfound- ll-lld. a across the island were "blacked out" one by one by weather. Only this oompartivels! small field was left open and just. after the piano landed "fog hit the deck with a loud thud." 011111111. Whobas flown some 1.- MIJMO miles in 8.000 hours in the air during 21' years, said: "I never saw such weather. All the airports within our range except Torbay wire abut tight."

The skipper and his crew of eight will swear by charter flying as the most interesting job tn the "bird" business-"there is less

‘isduled runs."

Attractive stewardess Marla Pi- sani of Rome can speak seven lwtillles and was described as "Quite s. talented gal" by Cans-tin. Bhe was making he: first trans- Atlantlc trip. Passmgens included Ill-UNI. Germans and Israeli, salivating to Venezuela with the sanction of the government there. Most are skilled technicians and there are two Roman Catholic priests.

Cannin said ‘Hans-Caribbean Airways, with headquarters at New York, has transported more than 2.000 immigrants to Venesruela dur- in! the last year. It also operates a service between Germany and Israel.

‘The trip from Rome to Caracas usually takes about 32 hours fly- lng time, with stops at Paris, As- ores and Bermuda or Gander-mild. The pilot. who said he was the youngest airman in the United States when he started flying in i928,tis determined to keep on the beam until he is at least so. ' "The older you are the safer you are." he said. “A youngster may be 800d. but only experience will make hint a safe pilot."

Billion Seized‘ Postage Slamps Go 0n isle

(By The Canadian Press) HAMILTON. Bermuda, Mar. l2 —A billion postage stamps seized hers during the war went on the auctioneers block today in Ber. muda prize court, closing another chapter in the island's wartime history.

Dealers from all over the world began bidding for the stamps, ex- pected to net more than $60,000. l-i. It‘. Harmer. international ex-

ilert. is auctioneer. Experts of Harmer Incorporated. commissioned by the Bermuda

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disorderly in this town

roansr. not, mo. io-ton '

the 88-year-old pilot, who began

routine and monotony than on

AS a depositor or borrower, y

privacy 1n money matters. Your banker

protects that privacy. Your banking

transactions not open to the eyes and ears of your competitor, your neighbor,

your community.

In‘ other words, the manager of your brain];

. bank and his whole stafi are working for you.

Contrast this Canadian way with conditions in lands where freedom is denied-whore ovary bank is o political iool, every bunker cs public u. official working for the Sloial Stole monopoly of v banking, proposed by Socialists hare, would open

your banking transactions to political intrusion;

SPONSORED BY YOUR BANK‘

. fie-E JITHIRIEEN‘

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Government to dispose of the stamps, spent two months sorting the huge pile of used and unused stamps. They weigh nearly two tons. The experts grouped the multi-colored pieces of paper into lots of several thousand for the sale. -

The story of the seizure of the stamps by the prize court. holds as many thrills as an Oppenheim thriller. Many of them have be- ccitnc collector's itome.

Most of the stamps rams (mm Axis-dominated Europe and parts of Africa. in i940 and '41 before the United States was in the war. They were intercepted in Bermuda on their way illegally to the U. S. Milli’ bear the head of Hitler with a Berlin postmark.

Men risked liberty to smuggle the wafer-thin bits of paper into the United States. Some made fortunes, others landed in jail. Stamps were discovered in the liillflke of innocent-looking ship and plane passengers.

Complicated routes were worked out by stamp rings to take new issues of German and occupied countries to the eager, open Unit- ed Statcs market. seamen on ves-

sels plying the Atlantic found

themselves enmeshed in the easy- mioyiey racket. ~

Occasionally, specially c art- ercd planes with thousan s of stamps aboardwere forced into Bermuda by bad weather or en- gine trouble. Officials confiscated their precious, illegal cargoes, per- haps ending an enterprise in which thousands of dollars were tied up.

Some of the stamps now being sold were first mentioned in the pize court in i945. Then, the court heard of an intricate system by which stamps had been smuggled into the United States in iii-ii.

Major figure in the ri-ng was a Swiss, who began operations in Zurich but was later forced to shift his headquarters to Portugal. The smuggler, Hana Kubli, was caught in Bermuda carrying his wares in his luggage.

Involved in the case were a New York stamp dealing firm, an agent in Chile. and an American sea- man. [fitters from Kubli to the New York company were inter- cepted in Bermuda by the head of the stamp and security section of the prize court, L. D. Gum-in. l-fls investigations broke up the ring.

Some of the stamps seized then now are on sale. Others auctioned

4 ‘ this month have histories stoop“ l in intrigue and smuggling. . The auction is one of the It!‘ est of its kind ever held.

natsrol... England — <01‘) At s. social meeting of the 0am: ian Club here. H, Henley, local prcsentativs of the 03.1%., elected new president, for 19M,

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LONDON - (OP)

foodstuffs given an "adverse tificate" by Battersods public a alyst- included "mincemeat" mntalmd only Jam, nip and spice.

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