(From the Edinburgh Witness.)

anon itu.r.na- on IIOXUIENTAL never. 1'01 M95 The Kin too to have presume the policy of that great quarries , which was to encourage intercourse in the

Sm th trial :o.NDAGI. use a we I ould know E t bet than those who lived so much neg-e’r to it! Man things respecting that ancient kingdom whic were obscure to the Greek writers of ‘'0 ‘llollfltnd ysars_ are clear to us. Thou h we sta_nd twice the distance from it '1'” “I93 did. we_ could write a fuller and more truthful history of the age of the Pharaohs than any which the Greeks have left us. It is common to say, that as the ages ss, the darkness increases, and doubts multi ly. Time removes contemporary witnesses rom the stage, efiaces the memorials of past transac- tions. and slowly converts history into myth and fable. Such is its effect in ordinary case but such has not been its effect in this. As it had strangel changed its functions, the touch of Time's do

turies that writing can

ites take their de arture from it.

gmcs prior to the first visit of 8 sugseqttent to the exodus.

possess such minute of its earl history.

so many istorical volumes. Each King was obliged to become the historiographer of his reign. It was a point of their religion,tbat the monarch should prepare his own tomb. The work began on t e ay of his accession, and ended on the day of his death. If the reign was long, the tomb was proportionally large and sumptuous. Every year new corri- dors were opened, new chambers were hewn out and decorated. If the King was devoted to the arts of peace, or gave himself to the inter-

nal improvement of his kingdom, the hiero- glyphtos on its walls were of a correspondingly

pacific import. If his reign had been passed in war, the representations on his tomb were all of battles, and of the subjugation of foreign

provinces, depicted by long trains of the na-

tives of these provinces led us captives into the royal presence. superintending the pre aration of the royal tomb, that even Pharaoh could not perform it

by proxy. He must direct the excavation _of

the chambers, and their adornment with pic- tures and hieroglyphics, otherwise the work stood still. At the instant of his death it ceased altogether ; no stroke of chisel, no trace of pencil. was permitted to supply what mi ht be acking when the monarch ad breathed his last. Finished or unfinished, the mummy of araoh was laid in it. and the vault was closed. In these circumstances, the monarch would take care to have his tomb in it forward state, and to record year by year those actions of his which he wished sterity to know, well knowing that if not written now, they would remain for ‘ever unrecorded. To these con- siderations were added the sanctions of religion which made it an impiet to no lect this duty. In these arrangementst e ban of Providence is seen roviding abundant materials. destine in the rst place, to a long entombment in the sands of Egypt, and, as soon as the world was able to decipher them, to come furtli,and to remain to al time the irrefrngable witnesses of the historic truth of the Bible. Two facts of considerable moment appear to ‘be placed beyond a doubt by the more recent monumental discoveries. The first is the name of the Pharaoh to whom Joseph acted as Prilnc Minister; the second is that of the ‘* King who knew not Joseph." It is the character and transactions of thtrlatter, so ll-ii-as the monu- ineuts have revealed them, that we are now to bring under notice. l’hiops, or Aphophis, the patron of Joseph, was a uiost ruunificent sove- reign, the tron of the arts. the ruler of d prosperous ingdom ; an be was succeeded in the throne by a Pharaoh equally munilicesit and prosperous. So much the monuments declare, and evidence of these is likely to be vastly strengthened so soon as the ruins of Ilsliopolis and Memphis, the residence of these wsrful and (prosperous Pharaohs, shall have n exhums from the sands which have so long covered them. But by and by, sym toms begin to a pear on the monuments oft e de- cline of eir kingdom. We find Memphis, their southern ca ital. captured by Amosis, one of the kings of ppszfiypt, thou h the event appears to have been ndsd wit no adverse in uenos to Israel. They still were

tor‘

'1 if

_ _ ger on the Coptic tablets has vivified, not edaced, the writing inscribed upon them; and now, across a gulph of forty cen- e read, and the truth of the inspired records tested thereby. It is sufficiently remarkable, and indicates strikingly enough the pi-escience that presided over the creation of these stone-written records, that the monumental evidence of Egypt begins about the time that that land comes first into contact with the chosen racc,'and ends when the Israel- Thero are few monuments 0 any importance belonging to ' ' raham to pt, and there are few relating to the times The calamities of the latter epoch appear to have weakened the power of the kingdom to an extraordinary degree, and led to a discontinuance of those expensive and magnificent monuments in which the former monarchs of Egypt had indulged. We owe it to a singular peculiarity of the customs and religion of that land, that we ' and numerous memorials Its royal tombs were just

So sacred was the duty of

_HASZAR.D’S GAZETTE, AUGUST l.

Matters continued much in this state for ssve- age were chiefly of of the line of Phiops on these would the

sov ei land alliances with the Canaanite tribes on the lcast of E t, and even to give them settlements in the De ta_. Two tribes, those of Beth and lA|'VId. _inimi ted into pt, and bscarne located in its cities, yet living a other, and mairftaining their national peculiari- r ties and distinctions. War broks out betwixt them; the tribe of Beth was worsted, and ex- pelled from Egy t. They gossed the desert and the story 0 their wron roused the via- dictive feelings of their bre ran in Canaan, who not only attacked the Canaanite possessions of their Arvadite enemies, but invaded Lower Egyept, where the Arvadites held possessions in suz ainty. In this emer ency the King of the Delta, where the lsrae ites were located, besought the aid of the Theban Pharaoh, Sethos I. The Pharaoh of the Delta, according to the monuments, purchased the assistance of his Thoban brother at a costly price, even that of the cession of six cities or strongholds in Lower gypt, and among these was lieliopolis, or On, the city in which Joseph had lived—a fact, which is une uivocally attested by the obelisk in the Piazza el Popolo at Rome, which appears to have been erected at lleliopolis by this very haraoh, even Sethos I Now comes the *‘ King who know not Joseph." The reign of Sethos, which appears to have been long and prosperous, drew to a close, and he associated with himself in the government his son, who was for five years co-regent with his father. This King is named by the Greeks, Sesostris, and in the lists on the monuments he is styled Ramses. In the first year of his sole reign, war broke out on the north-eastern frontier of Egypt, the details of which are amply chro- nicled on three of the greatest temples now remaining in E pt. A new invasion of Lower Egypt by the ittites and their confederate Canaanite tribes took place ; the aid of Ramses was again invoked, and by his help the inva- ders were driven back. But the victor was short-lived; for only four years afterwar s we find a new and more successful invasion, exe- cuted ; and when Ramses arrived for the third tiuic to rescue the throne of his brother of Lower Egypt, he found the Delta in possession of the Moabites. These facts are recorded on a papyrus (the Salier Museum. It is proba le that the Israelites, now powerful in Egypt, took no part in the war against their kindred the children of Lot; hence the success of the invasion. There can be no doubt tha'.t we see in this that condition of matters which dictated the policy of reducing the numbers of the Israelites. They “ increa- sed abundantly,” we are told, “and multiplied and waxed exceeding mighty: and the land was filled with them.” They had only to combine with the Moabites to overthrow the throne of Lower Egypt, and seize on the Delta as their own. Ramses I.,on his arrival, saw, doubt- less, the extent of the dan r. His first care was to mediate betwixt the Lgy tians and their Moabite invaders, and bring agent peace by a compromise. This t rid of one of the duo- gerous parties, and eft them at liberty to deal with the other, even the Israelites. The treat by which all this was accomplished wusratifie , as we learn from the monuments, in the twenty- grst year of Ramses; and the price which i-Phtha paid for it was, that he married Thouoris. the daughter of Ramses, an

d consen- ted to govern Lower Egypt as the viccro

l

of his father-in-law, on the understandipg t at, on the death of the latter. Si-Phtha‘ should succeed him as king of all Egypt. Thus the kingdom of Phiops was finall mer ed in that of Upper Egypt, and the who e of pt came under the sway of the Thebnn dynasty. This beyond doubt. is the rise of the “King who knew not Joseph."

This then, was the date of the c:tptivity—the twenty-firs! year ofthe reign of Ramses. When this nu-nrircli annexed the Delta to his kingdom, he I’-vund the Hebrew race rapidly extinguishing the Egyptian, and the Delta in danger of being

lust zrltlrgetlief, from the frequent invasions of the (‘nrmrinite tribes on its eastern border, with whom the Israelites must have been stnngly

teriipted to combine Nothing was so likely, then. lll these circumstances, as the very policy

Wlll('l| Ramses adopted. '~' He said unto his people’, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we: come on.

let us deal wigely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass that, when there filleth out

any war, they jun also unto our enemies, and

‘fight against us, and so get them up outofthe

land. Therefore they did set over them task-

masters to sfllict them with their burdens. And

they built for Pharaoh treasure-cities, Pithom,

d Rssmses.” That is. they were deprived of all the immunities which Phiops hid granted

them in consideration of the services of Joseph- ‘they were reduced to the position of sthngers,

and liable to the forced services which the- prsctics of the ancient world exacted of persons

so situated. They were com elled to build

fortified cam for Pharaoh. w ich, when com-

pleted, woul be manned with a strong military

of much cons enjoyed all the immuni- -ties or native s, and were rapidly growing into a numerous and powerful nation.

force, and ample ed as the means of perpetuating the slsvsry o those by whose labour they hsd been raised. The great works of Egypt in that,

pyrus) in the British -

a monumental chsrsctsr, Israelites be employed. Th_s whence the stones were obtained were Sinsitic wilderness. Thither would the Israelites be marched in gangs. and the blocks of granite which were how in these quarries they would afterwards have To transport across th desert. Others of the oppressed race were em- ployed, doubtless, in making brick! of Nils mud, so extensively employed in the walls of the huge quadrangular precincts of the temples, and the cloisters and cells attached to them. And as at that epoch the mechsnlcalsrts were extremely simple, the amount of work dons depended mainly upon the amount of human force which the Sovereign of Egypt could bring to bear in the construction of his works. If, then, there be truth in the Bible narrative, and if Ramses be the "king who knew not Joseph,” we should expect to find that the monuments erected during his reign surpassed those of any other of the Pharaohs, seeing none of them had such an amount of forced labour at their command. Now, we do not shrink from the test. There is a Pharaoh who is distinguished from all his pre- decessors. and from all who came after him, by the enormous number of the monumental memo- rials of his reign. There is a Pharaoh whose name is stamped on every crumbling mound in Egypt and Nubia. and on almost every Coptic monument in the museums of Europe. There is a Pharaoh whose existing monuments actually surpass those of all the other sovereigns of Egypt put together. That Pharaoh is Ramses. Every crumbling heap that dots the valley of the Nile- every ruined temple, almost every statue and spliinx in that land of wonders. proclaims that there was an epoch of fearful bondage in Egy t— an epoch when millions of slaves were urge by the lash to their daily tasks--and that there was a king in that land who reduced the full hall’ of his subjects into slavery, and set them to work in the construction of cities, and strongholds, and gigantic monuments, which, after mirthoussnd years, excite the spectator’s sstonls ent Over and over the soil is written, in ineradicable cha- racters. the great fact of the oppression. The whole land cries aloud that once it was a “ house of bondage." \Vhst it convincing and over- whelming proof of the truth of the Bible 3

GLEANINGS raoir LATE mE{s1

A RIISSUN l.rr:t:rzN.mr.—In the Kilkenny Moderator there is a letter from a medical oflicer, dated “ Camp before Sebastopol, June ll,“ addressed to a member of his family in Kilkenny, in which we find the following :— “ While the French were employed at the Mamclon, we had a storming party who attack- ed the Quarries, which are strong defences for sharp-shooters, in front of the Red These were gallnntly carried. Although no- thing further was intended, our men pushed forward into the Redan itself, but there was so strong a reinforcement of Russians brought lip‘

P 5

here. that our fellows retired upon the Quarries again, which they held. The ca ture of this

osition was attended with great oss. A Kil-

enn man, Colonel Shearmnn, was among the killed. A mine was sprung by the enemy during the attack, and several of the men returned almost naked, their trowsers and coats having been blown ofl', and they were as black as sweeps. A little hop-o’-my thumb of a soldier made a prisoner of a Russian oficer. whom he conducted with much pride to the first parallel, the ollicer overtoppin the little man’s musket and bayonet! I asks the Rus- sian, if he spoke French, he shook his head and said, ‘ No speak :’ but he exclaimed, ‘ Doctor, doctor,’ I made signs that I was one, and he then took off his coat, when I found he had a bullet wound at the back of his neck. He now tried to make himself understood by talking Latin. Pointing to the wound in his neck, he asked. ‘ Mortal: est .7’ When I told him it was not mortal, hc pressed me by the hand, and said.——Puler, mater, er snror sun: milti. He said he was a Lieutenant of the 7th Dnieper Regi- ment. When he saw me open my case for a bauda o to dress his wound, he thrust his hand into one of his own coat-pockets, and

reduced his own for that purpose. All the {ussiiin soldiers, very wisely. carry these things about them."

llnmsu 'l‘iir;irv wrru Si.ui.—Sir John Bow- ring is reported to have succeeded beyond all expectation in negotiating a treaty with the Siamese (lovernnient, which promises to open the resources of that rich country to the Euro- pean trader.

ENGLISH EXPIDITION l)xru'rirn.-The brig Judge Blaney arrived at New York on Sunday, from Sierre Leone, with dates to June 3d, brin ing an account of the disastrous defeat of an nglish expedition against a native chief on the Malls her river. The British lost fifty men in ki led and prisoners. Some of the prisoners were afterwards put to death by the natives in the most barbarous manner. Amon

the killed was Quartermaster Andrews, 0

Her Majesty's steamer 'l&ser. At last ac- counts, the Chhf. antiei’ retaliatory‘

al°"nnmber of capitalists of this city

l mQ_ V

and seized by the nativesoa the Rio Muudez. and Her Majesty's ship Ferret had been dcspatohsd to look after them.

SuoAa.—Ths svsrsgs _sunusl quantity of cane

sugar produced and sent into the markets of the civilised elusive of that msnufsctnrsd in China and the Malayan archipelago- caunst be estimated a

world is above one million tons. ex-

Ths value of this sugar tless than 875,000,000.

A PLEASING INCIDENT. The following incident has just been commu- nicated to us, which aflbrds an interesting proof of the deep sympathy which pervades the public mind for our gallant soldiers in the East :—Oii Friday last, the Rev. Mr. M‘Nair, late of Gourock, was about to take his de r- ture and roceed on his new mission as C ap- lain to Hospitals at Scutari. and secured the services of a street sporter from the nearest stand, west end of t. George’: R08 . 30

convey his luggage to the railwa , _ . reaching the terminus, be e to in uire whether his em loyer was Mr. ‘Nair. 811 On

in the allirmative, positively any fee, stating, as is reason, that having heard him preach in St. Matthew’s Church on the Sabbath week pre- vious, he knew he was oing to the seat of war, and would be very use ul to many of his poor

and was proud of such

sufi'ering countrymen, _ _ _ an opportunity of furthering the object of his e could. Upon be-

missiou in the only way h

ing pressed for his name, that the small sum he was entitled to should be placed to his credit on behalf of the hospitals, on Mr. M‘Nair's arrival, he still, with the most genu- ine modesty, decliued to give it, and at length requested, that a Bible might be purchased with it. and presented to some poor soldier who had

none.

The Rev. Robert 1\IcNaiI'. A» M-. late Of Gourock, Scotland, and previously minister of St. James, Charlottetown, P. . ., has been appointed one of the Scottish Chaplains to the army, and b latest intelligence from Scotland has dcmitte his charge, and had left for the hospital at Scutari, the appointed scene of _ his labours. Mr. .\lcNair is well known and high- ly esteemed in these colonies where he so- 'ourued for nearly three years, and_ now that

c has embarked on this new and iutercstin mission. we doubt not that the prayers an best wishes of man of his old friends will go with him. From his Missionary zeal, his ex- perience, his winning manner_—and his great aptitude in sluipng lllllngellf to ciroumstancisgi he is sin nary quai e PM poatw he now clicupies, and we I ncerely trust that under the blessing of God,_he may be the means of leading many a sick and wounded soldier to it know edge of the Saviour, and of shedding comfort into many a sorrowful heart. Mr. l\i‘Nair’s letters to the Home Record, during his labours here were read with great interest. And we hope cie long to have an opportunity of perusing some of his communi- cations from Scutari, which we will ladly transfer to the pa s of this eriodical. any of our readers w 0 had be are but a general interest in those exposed to the dangers of the war, will now have one personal friend to con- nect them with the scenes of sullerin and contest and to quicken and engage their uter- ih the eventful movements that have taken ce in the East. We beseech their prayers in his behalf. and in behalf of his fe low-la- bonrsrs among whom we number another very dear filend, that their lives may be spared, and their‘labours abundantly blessed.

AIERICAN ITEI8:

Tits lluvn-r AND Cnors, IN U. S.—Ths accounts from every State in our country speak in the most glowing terms of the prospects of a hat- vest superior in pmluctiveness to any that has ever preceded it. The crops are not only larger in proportion to the acre. but the quantity of land under culture is at least one fourth greater than it was li.-t year. All kinds of fruit. promise an sbunrlzun yield. The peach and ap ls orchards every where are heavily laden with t eir frnitsge. This is cheering, as it offers a prospect of great mnnulst-iuring prosperity, for it is evident that art, st'len(‘E, and literature are dependent entirely upon the surplus products of the earth. In all countries wlwre the inhzilntants have to strgggle with nature for the bare necessaries of life, nit, science and literature are unknown.

Rxvoi.rrios IN Snos Lharxo.-—A paragraph is going the rounds of the American pa er stating. that some Frenchmen have invents a machine for the manufacture of boots and shoes. It is sai that the cost of making a fine shoe will be onl ten cents, and that of a line boot but fifteen or twenty cents. The Utica Telegraph says, that the owners are now

being answere refused to accept of

O O to

pla

in Washington, securing a tent for their ma- chine, an it thus spe s of its rforni- ance :— “ The machine is so perfect, that it