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PAGE FOUR - -

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CHARLOTTETOWN

NOVEMBER I,

1949

TH E GUARDIAN

Iorulnl Dally (Founded In llfl) Authorised as Boooud Claaa lull. Peat Office Department. Ottawa.

The Island Guardian Publishing Co. Islitor and llauagiug Director. J. it. lluraott. Associate Iditor, Frauli Waller.

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_"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest ink"

CIIARLOTTETOWN, TUESDAY, NOV. l, 1949

Rural Electrification

Some interesting comments on the sub- ject of rural electrification are made in an article in the Winnipeg Free Press by Mr. Walter Tucker, Liberal party leader in Sas- katchewan. Mr. Tucker's main purpose is to show that during the period the C. C. F. has been in office in Saskatchewan, the Manitoba Government has taken electricity to 16,000 farmers, eight times as many as the C. C. F. provided with electricity in ‘he same period. He goes on, however, to point out that experience of all other countries has been that “no farm electrification pro- gramme succeeds unless there is substan- tial subsidization by the state.”

Mr. Tucker concedes that where a high density per mile of line can be secured, sub sidies have not been so necessary. In Eng- land, for example, subsidies have been grant- ed sparingly. In France the state has sub sidized rural capital costs by from 3O to 50 per cent. Ontario, Nova Scotia, Quebec and Manitoba all make direct subsidies to farm electrification.

The experience of Nova Scotia, Mr. Tucker says, was that little progress was made until a system of subsidies was es- tablished in 1937. In Ontario the Hydro had been in operation for fourteen years before any substantial number of farms secured power. The real impetus for farm electrification in Ontario came in 1921 when the Province agreed to pay one-half of the capital cost of rural lines. In Manitoba in 1929 a new policy was established providing for the Government paying a subsidy of 50 per cent of the capital cost, amortization and interest on generation, transmission and substation equipment. The balance of the cost is spread over 24 years and col- lected in the light accounts. In Manitoba the electricity is brought to the farmer. All he has to do is wire his buildings and buy

his equipment.

In Saskatchewan, the total average cost

of bringing power to the farmer is divided into two parts. The first part covers the cost of building the main or trunk trans- mission lines. This is $277.50 and is paid by the Government. There is no subsidy. all of it being charged to the farmer in the rates he must pay. The balance of $485.10 covers the cost of building the feeder line from the trunk line to the farmer's build- ings. This full amount the farmer must pay, 75 per cent of it at once and the balance within five years by a system of local taxa- tion. "If experience elsewhere can be re- lied upon," says Mr. Tucker, “the Saskatche- wan scheme will not lead to the extensive rural electrification now under way in Mani- toba."

A Word Omitted

Commenting on the reception of Prime Minister Nehru of India in the House of Commons last week Mr. Rodney Adamson, Conservative member for York West, called attention to one significant omission in the addresses of welcome. That. was the ab- sence of any reference to the word “British".

“Yct", added Mr. Adamson, "it was the genius of British institutions and the British parliamentary system which made the cere- mony possible. In fact it was essentially because of British ideals of freedom and self-determination that the meeting was pos- sible at all. The very omission of the word ‘British’ before ‘Commonwealth’ in the speech of the Prime Minister (Mr. St. Laur- ent) emphasized, more clearly than any words could have done, the essential quality of British freedom which made it possible for the leader of a sister Commonwealth country, embracing a republican form oi government, to speak to us in a free Parlia- ment; because we are both dedicated to thc principle of freedom of the individual and the dignity of man. We believe that these are inherent foundations of the British ::ir- llamentary system. Perhaps this omission of the word ‘British’ was one of the most significant aspects of yesterday's meeting."

EDITORIAL NQTES ‘A11 Saints Day. ‘

O O O

In North Sydney plans for a $900,000 port and terminal expansion have been sub- mitted to the Department of Transport and been approved with minor alterations. The port handles a great deal of traffic going to and coming fro.1'n

The Historic Exhibition will‘ soon be set- ting tinder way. Ail sorts and conditions

are deserving the thanks and congratula- tions of all for their initiative and enterprise.

The Provincial Government's offer to pay 10 per cent of the purchase price of a snowmobile for country doctors should improve medical service in rural areas. The terms of the offer should also result in im- proved local organization in which this Pro- vince is notably lacking.

O O O

American tourists may now take back with them $200 in goods or $500 worth if their trip extends over 12 days. Direct benefits of the tourists trade should spread next season from caterers and carriers to the business community generally.

O O O

Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor, died this date 1822, revived the art of classic sculpture. The greatest work of his novi- tiate was “Daedalus and Icarus”; others in- clude “Theseus Vanquishing the Minotaur", “Psyche and the Butterfly", “Perseus with the Head of Medusa", "The Group of Her- cules and Lichas", “l-lebe", “Cupid and Psyche."

O O O One of the recommendations of the Scot- tish Advisory Council on improving the effi- ciency of the prison system merits consid- eration wherever detention is used as a form of punishment. The proposal to pay pris- oners for work done would not only be good for the prisoner, but would relieve the inno-

cent sufferer, his wife and family. O O O

Other organizations might well with ad- vantage follow the Boy Scouts example and publish immediately the result of their tag day receipts. It is not right that collections should be taken from citizens without an an- nouncement of the response made. The Boy Scouts have a long and enviable record of immediately publishing the returns of their annual Apple Day appeal. O O O The erratic behavior of herring has play- ed an important part in the rise and de- cline of seaports from the time of the Hanse- atic League. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea has decided to publish a “Herring Atlas” of the Northeast Atlantic to help fishermen in their uncer- tain pursuit. O O O Prime Minister St. Laurent's declaration that no constitutional changes are now in- tended in exercise of Parliament's new powers is reasonably reassuring. It would be unwise and perhaps useless to make amendment difficult. The necessary and only efficient guarantee of liberty is the constant vigilance of the people . O O O The statement of Dr. Brock Chisholm that "War, itself, is obsolete," has re- sulted in the obvious retort that war, on the contrary, is right up to the minute in equipment and tactics. From a different viewpoint, however, the evolution of a new concept of empire by the British Common- wealth has long deprived war of its ancient motives of acquiring raw materials and tribute. O O O Mrs. Frantisek Nemec. wife of the form- er Czechoslovakian Minister to Canada, will open a pastry shop in the capital this month. For the reddish blond, vivacious Mrs. Ne- mec, the shop will be the fulfilment of a dream. Ever since hen husband resigned his appointment following the Communist coup in Czechoslovakia last year, she has toyed with the idea of such a venture. Her hus- band now works with the Labor Depart- ment in Ottawa. In her store. in the Glebc section of South Ottawa, Mrs. Nemec hopes to sell French, Swiss, Danish, Italian pas- tries, and hand-made European chocolates. She also plans to introduce Ottawa hostesses to “Mignons"—-one-bite confections of whip- ped cream and tantalizing flavors-and to “Kolacs"-small round pastries filled with jam or cottage cheese, and traditional fare at Czechoslovak embassy parties in Wash- ington. It is quite evident that Mrs. Nemec intends to make a success of her changed condition) and does not care who knows it. O O O

How jealous some members of Parlia- ment are of fellow members’ success. Mr. W. R. Aylesworth (PC., Frontenac-Adding- ton) was congratulated. by fellow members of the Commons for winning the top award with his Jersey herd at the Ottawa Winter Fair. Mr. Gordon Graydon (PC., Peel). rose on a question of privilege at the House opening to extend his congratulations. Prime Minister St. Laurent followed and said he believed all members would agree that it was good to see one of their number giving good example to the farming community. ‘Thereupon Mr. George Cruickshank (i... Fraser Valley) declared he attended the fair and found that the cattle were "almost equal to those in Fraser Valley." He admit- ted, however, one of the‘fair's greatest at- fractions wasthe R. C. M. P. Musical Ride. He suggested that the Government have the Mounties perform the ride in vsrioud parts of Canada and the United States. It was

stun rusmioubiuon of its kind in -- - The next three days should

74¢ i ?0efi Gown

T‘!!! HUNTER

The hunter ciouches in his blind Neath camouflage of every kind. And conlures up s quacking noise To lend allure to his decoys.

This gmwn-irp man. with pluck and

luck, Is hoping to outwit a duck. —Ogden Nash.

Old Charlottetown t use r. s. 1.1

——¢

IIORTICULTURE NEGLECTED

“There is a great contrast at "18 Queen's Wharf every fall. viz.. 111186 eXportalions of potatoes. and 15189 importaiions of apples. I asked a very intelligent gentle- "1511 Why apples were not export- ed from here as well as potatoes. and he said, ‘Oh. apples will not do well here; the climate is too cold‘. This seems very strange indeed. said l, as the potato is u native of Soul-h Carolina. a warm cmlnlfy. and the apple is a native of Siberia. a very cold one. But I_ found out the cause of this some time after. and that is. all the trees (apples) that I have seen here. are produced from seed; and trees raised in this way are liable to degenerate very much from the parent stock; but if proper scions and Proper stock were procured. 811d Pmllefly inoculated or graft- ed, the farmers of this island would be able to export apples from their orchards, as well as potatoes from their farms. , . .

"Not only will apples, bu: peaches. and also nectarincs, apri- wis. figs. and four or five differ- ent sorts of grapes. come to per- fection in the open air here. if Properly raised and treated after- wards: and so will the white heart. bleeding heart. and other first rate Clwrrles; white and red magnum bonum. and orlean and other su- perior plums, as well as the jar- gonell cuisa madam, summer and autumn bergamots, and other high flavoured pears,

"There are also some hardy exotic natural grasses that I know of. that would be a great acquisi- tion to our farmers, if they would only cultivate them. But men in general are so wedded to their own notions that it is seldom, if ever, they can be removed from them. were even volumes of cogent reasonings wrote to convince them of their error; and therefore it is only by ocular demonstration that there is any chance of attaining to so desirable an end; and this can best be exhibited in true colours by experiments of all the natural grasses. on a small scale, in a Horticultural Garden. This ls a plan that was adopted in England some time ago. and which con- tributed much to the welfare of agriculture there.

‘Therefore. graziers and dairy- men, as well as horse owners. ought to subscribe towards estab- lishing a Horticultural Garden near Charlottetown. for it would be very much to their interest to do so. as it would be the means of introducing species of grasses info the Island. that will not be so liable to be destroyed by the winter frosts and summer droughts. as what the timothy is; and there- by prevent the very painful de- termination on their part of slaughtering their cattle before they are in a fit condition for the knife, for want of fodder."

——From an anonymous letter in The Islander, Sept. 27, 1844.

The Outlook for Agriculture

(Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scotla)

The improvement in World food supplies and the dollar shortage have as yet‘ had comparatively little effect on the prices of Can- adian farm products. says the cur- rent Monthly ltevlew of The Bank of Nova Scotia. The senerui level of such prices is now only about 6% below the peak reached in the summer of 1948, though in the Un- ited States the index of farm- product prices is 15% below a year ago and 20% below the January. 1948, peak. Canadian farm income too, has so far been sustained at or near record levels, and for the full year will probably not show much reduction from the 194a record of ,82.400 milliont- Though farm income ls still high, the sellers‘ market for food has been waning, and the terms of exchange between food produc- ers and food consumers are be- ginning to swing in favor of the

| Vlitiolt Holey All llltl-e-ethfrloe

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the Canadian point of view.

The existence of farm surpluses in that country naturally inter- feres with the use of ECA funds to finance purchases in Canada- though the recent authorization of S175 millions for British purchases of Canadian wheat will certainly help the financing problem-and the large-scale use of these funds ta finance U. S. exports obviously reduces Canada's overseas markets. Surpiuses also tend to make the U. S, market itself less receptive to Canadian products, as was so strikingly illustrated last year hy the banning of exports of Cami- dian table potatoes to the United States at that country's request.

I O O

In view of the uncertainty about export markets, it ls fortunate, says the Review. that the Cana- dian market is appreciably larger than before the war. As a result of the recent high birth rates, and of the bligest influx of immi- grants since the ‘twenties. the pop- ulation of Canada has increased oy over 17% since 1939, apart from the addition of Newfoundland. Moreover, because of the favor- able level of employment and in- come, Canadians on the average have substantially better diets than in pre-ivar days. For these reasons, the total consumption of meat in Canada was about a third larger in 1948 than in 1935-39, that of eggs was up about 35%, and that of fluid milk nearly 40%. In assessing the future capacity of the domestic market to absorb food. it should be noted that the rise in food prices during 1947 and 1948 led to a significant reduc-

of meat and milk—a fact which suggests that food consumption would increase if prices should Ile- cline, provided of course that there was no major downturn in eco- nomic activity. O I O

Though the domestic market is buoyant and the U. S. market rea- sonably receptive, the Review continues, Canada remains depen- dent on overseas markets for tho sale of such products as wheat. bacon, apples and tobacco. Be- cause of this, and because the fu- ture of the British contracts is in doubt, the shaping of agricultural policy becomes a live issue. The Review devotes some space to the

ing out that there are few fields of national economic policy in which it is more difficult to arrive at; workable standards and meth- ods than fhat of agricultural price support. “There is certainly a strong case for protecting the farmer against the effects of very low prices and the inability to market his production. and for assisting him while production patterns are readjusted to suit available outlets. Such action is of course in the interests of the whole mmunity since farm de- presslon affects the economy gen- erally. But. to find a means of giving the farmer protection with- out creating serious production and marketing complication is another matter. Some way or other, poll- cies will have to be evolved which will represent a fair balance be- tween the interests of the farmer and of the consuming and tux- paying public, which will not aggrlvlto surpluses nor create difficulties in export markets, and which will be practicable from an administrative standpoint."

ln conclusion the Review ob- serves that, though agriculture it

consumer, the Review points out. Britain's dependence on Canadian food is becoming lets extreme, and uncertainty overhangs the future of British purchases in Canada. The dollar nt-ingency has not leu- ened. If anything, it has in- creased, as devaluation indicaha.

Devaiuatlon, it is true. is a ne- cessary step towards a solution of the trading problem. But it has the immediate effect of making Canadian food prices higher in terms of sterling and in relation to those of such soft-currency food- producln) countries as Denmark and Australia which devalued along with sterling. With dc- valuation, the reality of the dol- lai- shortage is reflected in prices. anftha dependence of devslulng coun‘ i" on import restrictions as u means of limiting dollar pur- chases is reducsd.‘ '

The dove inent of surpluses in the United tetsa further compli- cates the marketing problem. The fact that the United States is new producing over 90$ more whcet than in the Twenties and ‘thirties and in recent seasons has exported more than Canada. Australia and

"one of Canada's greatest tourist attrac- flwe"- ‘

the molt disconcerting factor from

Arson ' put together is perhaps

ilviugatlilelamatiuo.

Term. Ordinary Life, hi! and

eideut Policies

now facing real problems, there is no reason to believe that they are incapable of solution. The need for food is great and is likely to con- tinue so in the foreseeable future. The difficulty is to-translato that need into effective demand and particularly into effective dollar demand. Recent prices for primary food stuffs have been arrived a’. under conditions of scarcity which are now abating and the terms M trade for food producers are prob- 11bly_more favorable than can be sustained. The task ahead is lo nchicve a reasonable readjustment which will facilitate a healthy flow of international trade, on which the prosperity of agriculture so greatly depends.

N0 Sure-Fire Cures

(Globe and Mail)

For many a century men dream- ed of finding the elixir of life, which would bring them immortal- ity, if not also eternal youth. Un- told time and effort was spent by the old nlchemists in searching for this and for the philosophers stone, which was expected to turn base metals into gold. Today, these dreams seem childish and silly, but they are not so differ- ent from the modern demand for a panacea which will relieve men of their diseases and banish illness from the earth. The wisest of medical men know the fallacy of such hopes, and still approach

tion in the per capita consumptlonl

question of price supports, polnt- ,

war rouse p. rarusns mstmu

iruiqum ovsrdiooooussonl-oorsn lnfantoranmll‘ child In oven one whole our. they are in a position to under- stand why a wldow cannot care for her family and our: a

Conserve the Home and ltabilisa the Nation.

The Great-West Life is the Champion cf Thrift and the

Guardian of fhotlande of Canadian llomel.

owmenf, Anuultha. Quotations out obligation. Consult nearest Agent or write or call on

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A Managers Cffloeai Charlottetown - lauuaersllo - Montague 11min Throughout The Province 1

their work with humility and a questioning mind. It is a nity that others take advantage of their discoveries to play upon n natural weakness of human nature and raise hopes which may never be fulfilled.

The new "anti-biotic" drugs. of which the sulfa derivatives and penicillin are the best known, are examples of such over-exploitation. Extravagant claims made for this class of drugs are already proving false, and forcing both doctors and laymen into more realistic ap- praisals of the problem of disease and illness. The American Mer- cury has brought together consid- erable evidence from official medl- cal sources which shows that while these powerful miracle-working drugs have a place in therapeutics. it is much more limited than for- merly believed.

Some specialists have come to

singular-u‘- Ix-x-ivli

g The Ao-illd u l

A wise man will hear and in- crease learning. and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels: to understand I proverb and the interpretation. 111° words of the wise and their dlrlt sayings.

G. FJ-lutcheson l: Son

l l orrosmraisrs i

‘Specialists in the fitting at glanaa for the cornolb at

ocular defects." Iii CIAITON snsn

Peullou, Educational. Aa- gladly furnished with-

oo. illllTEil

- Notes By

They say that to be strict with children robs them of spirit and individuality. One Billi- lll" l° parents is discrimination, but it is a thousand times better to subdue a little surplus spirit illlh i0 ll" to see children cast lilto Pfllflll. or with a noose around their necks, with a curse for 1°11 °11 their lips in the barllln- B“!!! l little strict in time navel ihflll for a good and useful life and they will honor and respect you to theii- dying day- We I11 1111"’ that constant repetition of little escapades and "getting away with