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GLEAIIIOI I303 LATE PAPERS.

From the Ellopann Times.

Whether we are drawing to the close of a ¢'°"_W||’o 0}‘ only at the beginning of it, is a question which no home foresight at the pre- sent moment can determine. The question is one of deep importance to the world generally, and to the inhabitants of every maritime country in particular; for war brings so many evils in its _trsIII. to so exhausting in blood and treasure. interrupts the commercial transactions of nations so painfully, and retards civilisation so severely, ill“ ‘"9 °l""|°|. we feel. perform a more accept- able duty to our readers, than by glancing for a moment at the chances which may possibly determine the great struggle in which we are now °"8"l°d--"',lI_|I:lI may shorten its duration, or protraet hostilities until the map of Europe is considerably changed.

1“ ll" 5"‘ Pl_l°0 it was evident. years ago. Ill“ “'9 ‘tllltcsstve policy of Russia during the last 0.0Ill|l|’y.ll|d e haf could end. sooner or later. _in nothing short of a European combination ‘° '°‘'“ 1" ‘Y|‘IlIIIy slid to curtail its power. NW"! I0"! ears back. Napoleon, while chained to the rock a St. Helena, distinctly saw. with his eagle glance. that this aggressive policy of the nprtliern despot must have the efiect of inducing I'rance and ngland to unite to put down and punish!-_ Power which aims at universal dominion ; but he little fancied that one of his own name and lineage would wield the French sceptre during the encounter. He based hie opinion on the

hereditary policy of the Cars of Russia,-—on their absorption of neighbouring territories. their extinction of separate nationalities, and their treading out by military power all the patriotism and self-respectof those whom they conquered. The provinces of Sweden in the Baltic, the domi- nions of the Tsrtars in the Crimea and the Ukraine, an euormoiis slice of Poland, many of the provinces of the Turkish ein ire and of Persia, -5l“'Ws in their present ac nowledgmcnt of Muwovite rule, the vast extent to which this infamous system of plunder and absorption has been carried. And it is as clear as the sun at noon, that, if France and England had not stepped forward in the early part of the year which has nowlapsed into the past, the Czar would have seized Constantinople and placed the dominioiis of the Sultan under the control of Russia. With the D|ItlInBIIC. and the Black Sea in his pos- session, with the mouth of the Danube at hie coininanil, he could have menaced at any time the independence of central Europe, have struck a blow when he liked at our lnilinn possessions, wiiile the northern nations would have found themselves mete puppets in the hand of this colossal ruler. In a word, northern, central, and eastern Europe would largely have owned hie away. and, in the course of time. he would have come sufficiently westward to make England and France tremble for their own safety. The war, then, was forced upon us. It could not have been avoided without risking consequences the bare contemplation of which makes an English- man’e blood boil in his veins, and the rcfult is that the war is popular beyond precedent. It is the people’: wcr,—a war for national existence as wall as for individual liberty; and, although its cost will be severe in lives and in material wealth, every inhabitant of the British empire, every resident in her Colonies, is prepared to make sacrifices becoming the greatness of the occasion.

Certainly. when the war broke out, there was every chance that it would have extended and ramificd on every side. It may do so yet, but the chances are considerably reduced during the last few months. If Austria had sided with the Czar, Germany would have been speedily in a blaze, and her Italian provinces would have instantly struck for liberty. The young Emperor found himself placed in a delicate position, owing gratitude on one hand to the Czar for the retention of his throne during the Hungarian revolution, and feeling on the other, that his own permanent interests. and the true dignity of Austria, were identical with the policy of the Western States. He and his Ministers have weighed and balanced every possible move in this emergency. The have proceeded cautiously in their conferences with the representatives of England and France, and have at length dsliberate‘ly cut with the Czar. The latest accounts from icnna state. that a

rotocol has just been signed by the Austrian

inister and the French and English Ambassadors at that Court, which is regarded as a supplement- ary compact tc the treaty of alliance of the 2nd of December, and which, in point of fact, is equivalent on the part of Austria to a declaration of war against Russia. The Russian minister.

Prince Gortsctiaknfi} who was present at the

conference, has asked fora delay of a fortnight

to receive instructions, at the end of which time his master, the Czar, must either knuckle down or

encounter a new opponent, who can bring half a

million of bayonets into the field.

This is the state of thin a at the opening of the New Year. and it won d seem to point to a speedy termination of the confiict. If matters take the course which they at present wear, the struggle cannot long be protracted, but the pride of the present ruler of Russia is only surpassed by his obetinacy ; and bafied and defeated at all

oints, finding foes amongst crowned heads where

he expected to have met friends, he may. possibly, in the very spirit of desperation, hold out as long as he has a re imeut or a rouble. On his indi- vidual will, cpeudl the continuance or the abandonment of the war. and the probability is that be has not yet had enough—-that the cup of his bitterness is not yet sufilciently overflowing, and that another campaign may be required to bring him to his senses. In the meantime. the Western Powers. so far from relaxing, are put- ting forth their energies with unparalleled force ; many of the ob' tions relative to the condition of our troops in lb? Crimea are fast disappearing, and hsve,sre this, been remedied; a we are is hourly expectation of hearing, that something decisive has taken place before Sebastopol. Let us hope that the year which thus commences with slaughter will close in pesce,—a consum- mation must devoutly to he wished. and in which we are certain that our friends and readers will heartily join.

(.‘II.\.\'GI’.‘: l.\' rim lli-ssiss Asirv.—A p letter from St. Petorsliiirgh, duted the 26th ult., rm-iitions that some important chon s have taken ilace. and more were ex ecte ,amon the higher ollicers of the army. ' he one looke upon as the most serious is the nomination of General De Berg, who distinguished himself at Revel b the measures be ado ted for the de- fence o the place against the al ied fleets. He been a pointed Commander-in-Chief of Finland, in t e lane of General Rokossowiski. who command there, when Bomareund was attacked by the allies. This nomination is considered all the more significant that Finland is fully ex cted to become the theatre, or rather one of the thee es, of war, next spring.

oliticai persons at t. Petersburgh fu y bc- bitter are rnasrns, and bold and thunder- licve, that the King of Sweden is detsrniinedto ing the denunciations, upon themisinan ment in the Crimea. It is o rac-

a ndon all idea of neutrality, and whenever

hostilities commence lntbe north as e an

. terised by very term of ebloqqy active part with the allies. A similar resolve ary. Every style o tioisat adopted, from is expected from the King of DeltlIIll'k,&t‘Iio - the sly lair up through irony ssesr and larly since the fall of the Oerstsdt binet. taunt, until rankcondsianation stalks over 0

goons. _ , would extract several bullets without the neces-

sity of again working the air pump.

Loan held in as full chorus upon whisper in-Chief or the oflcers o But at last the bonds of silence are

of the cast I

which was favourable to the Russians. The Commandant of the car a of Greuadiere had leftfur Warsaw. Two divisions of the corps now occupy the banks of the Bug. The letter adds that the Grand Dukes. who had left Se- liseto ion the 15th. arrived at Gatacliinu on the " d Accounts received from Sebasto l at St. Potcrsburgli mention that 7,000_of t e in- habintnts of the former place had quitted it in order to take refuge in Siuipher_opol,_ and that it resembled some vast barracks in ruins rather than it city.

HOW Till WAR IS OAIIIIID ON. The chief marvel. the grand event of the war so far, is the amazing proniptitude. fertility of re- source, and lavish abniidance, with which England has addressed herself to the instant rectification of the error. that the most extensive armaments were not necessary for the prosecution of the war‘ With a loss of time incredibly small, transports have been secured, men shipped oil‘, and every means of appliance brought to bear to raise the armament, in every conceivable particular, to the scale ofthe highest emergency that can arise in the progress of the mighty confiict. True, our army is to winter on the dreary plains and heights of the Crimea, but they will have comforts and and slleviations such as no army ever had, since wars and fightings began on earth. he ap- pliances of peaceful life are to be furnished to the troops as far as they are applicable and measures unheard of in military annals arts to be employed to facilitate all the arrangements of the camp, A thousand huts are on their way to supplant the tents now in use. and in a day or two a thousand more will follow: and so on till the men are lndghd weather-proof and water-tight. Then in the way of olotliing, a contract is already com- pleted for forty-four thousand fur cloaks; forty- four thousand fur caps, helmet-shaped ; forty-four thousand fur gauntlets ; forty-four thousand water- proof capes; forty-four thousand pairs of long boots. of cowhide; forty-four thousand suits of inner-clothing; forty-four thousand pairs of legg- ings ; and ten tlioueand suits of for clothing for ofiiicere; every soldier is to have a water-proof sheet, in addition to his blanket. In the way of arms and ammuntion, the siege train is to be aug- mented by a large number of thirteen-inch mortars from Gibraltar and Malta ; by a large addition of Lancaster guns, sarrying shells six hundred yards further than has hitherto been possible; and by howitzers ofa new escription. carrying ten-irich shot five thousand five hundred yards. or above three miles. The number of men has been augmented since the the battle of Inkerman, b fifteen thousand fresh troops, who sailed last month. ?robably ten thousand more will sail this month, besides those who are to be drafted from Mediterranean stations. There is no lack of volunteers from the Militia into the Line and from the voting men of the country into the Militia. Some fins recruits are being rapidl drilled to fill up the fearful gaps in the guards; so that we may qps soon to see those magnificent battalions raise again to their full strength. In the way of provisions, everything that can nourish health. and avert disease is to be copiously pro- vided. Contracts are being daily taken for unheard of quantities preserved meat and provisions of vs- rious kinda. Transports will scour the Mediter- ranean for sheep and vegetables ; while excitcable articles are to be rstailed under Government surveillance, and no longer left to the extortionsts mercy of heartless adventurers. All this is being done by Government; and the surprising part of it is, not only that it is done so amply, but so instantly and with such thorough confidence in the resour- ces ofthe country. Then over and above this. must be reckoned the munificisnt voluntary and private undertakings now set ageing. From the highest to the lowest, every class of society is furnishing its quota with an exhilirating genero- sity. Prince Albsrt clothes all the Grensdiers in for. Several noblemen send their yachts laden with all conceivable good things. 'I‘he Duke of Marlborough subscribes one hundred head of deer. Ladies sell their jewels, and ivs the produce.-— Publicans send hogshcads 0 beer. One firm gives £250 worth of choicest cigars.—Young ladies knit cuffs, mittens and stockings. Whole parishes unite to send out sheets. pillow-cases, bandages and hitndkerchiefs, to the hospitals; while nothing that ingenuity can devise or love provide is wanting to complete the list. But perhaps, the most remarkable of all is the celeb- lishment of aline ofrails from the on to the camp. this iron road much abour and fatigue will be saved both to horses and men. Messrs Peta and Brasey, witha large stall‘ of their best men, undertake this unprecedented work. on terms that prove patriotism beyond a s doubt. s most not forget the electric tele- graph which iato be laid down all through the camp, and right away to the harbour. he aggregate of this is astounding, and speaks vo- lume. for me prosperity of our country, and for the use we have ‘made of our forty years’ peace. While we cannot but regret the war. we cannot but glory that being in it, we can prosecute it after such a manner.-—.‘\lonu'ng art.

A cw Bonner Exraxcr-os.—The frightful list of our wounded at the hard-fought battles of Alina and Inkermann suggested to Mr. Esra Miles (ofstoke Hammond) the idea of construct- ing an instrument for extracting bullets from the wounds with comparative easeand rs. idity, and safety. The contrivance is very simple, consisting of a small air- ump and cylinder, to which a tap isafixsd. 0 this tap is attached a suitable length of flexible tubing, about it quarter of an inch in diameter, lined inside with silver wire to revent collapsing. At the other end of this tu there is asmall globe from which a tube suficieutl minute to pass into a bullet wound is fixed, s end terminating with an India rubber collar. On the top of the globe there is a small tapoin order to admit a probe to pass down the to to sound when on the bul- let. The mode of o ration is this :—a vacuum is created in the cy inder, the tube before allu- ded to is passed into the wound, and when it is ascertained to be on the ball the tap in the cylinder is opened. when the bullet becomes fixed to the tube b the vacuum thus created, and is thus with rawn. The great merit of this invention consists in its obviating the necessity for the painful and dangerous opera- tion ofoutting out bullets, and by its means a medical man, with the aid of an assistant to work the air pump. would able to accom- plish the work which now occupies many sur- When the cylinder is exbaus it

RAoi.ais.—-The English press, having long as possible, is at length out in an. itherto not a inst the Commander-

has been heard a the srmymgprirally.

5 D-

in the diction-

page. Witii the exception of the Ministerial 0 ns, w o o a feeble defence of the blunders and abortions of the Crimean expedi- tion. the wholo English press is radiitnt with indi nation and wrutli at its conductors. Lord Rag un‘s Military career is run, and we shall be called upon, at an early day, to record his epitaph.

A corporal describing what he witnessed af- ter the buttle of Buluklitvii, say :—“I saw it Russian on one knee in the not of taking nim 2 the muzzle of his lirelock rested on a forked stick. Ile wits dead: the side of his hand had been knocked oil by it cannon shot. His death was so sudden and quick, that lie was not knocked down; and the remainder of his face still looked sternly along the lirelock.

From late American Papers.

I-‘Ross covuiivott cLArixa:’s MESSAGI T0 rat‘. LEGISLATURE or-' THE sure: or . trunk. The subject of the revision of our Excise Laws will demand,and, doubt not, will receive, your serious ttttention. To the rttctical opera- tion of these laws, either through’ their inherent viciousness. or in consequence of their lax administration, is attributed no small ro- portion of the drunkenness which alflicts our and. Something of this is uudoubte attributable to the non-enforcement of our laws, such as the are; but I will not wilrliliold my oonvictiont at the laws themselves are radi- cally defective, and however fitit‘nfull ud- rnimster-ed. must be held justly responsiblzs for thg evils which'they foster, and in many .in- stances create ’ If the consequences of iutempertence were cohflued toits immediate victim though even then the State would have an interest at stake. there might. perhaps. be less occasion for Le- islative action. ut such is not the fact. very interest of society which it is the province of Government to rotect, is, immediately or remotely, involved in these consequences. Intemperance deprives the State of the pro- ductive energy of thousands of her citizens, and so far diminishes its wealth, impedes its enterprise, and militates against the common good. It is a fruitful source of the pauperism which im oses heav burdens upon industry and capitn ; and its intimate relation to crime, and consequently .to the burdens which crime imposes upon us, is too obvious to escape your observation. If the purely inorul aspects which ' resents shall be deemed as not entering wit in the scope of your duties. its relation to taxation, and its producin causes, is clearly within the province of legis atiou, and demands a degree of attention corresponding to the great issues which that relation involves. The right to legislate in reference to the trnllio in intoxicatin liquors will not be denied. Our resent Excise _System is the fruit of such legis ation. It has, re the process of time un- dergone many modifications, but its restrictive element, throughout all these changes, has been retained, in subserviencc to the ori inal ur- pose of the system, via: the prohibition o the trttfiic so far as the public good ma demand and the constitutional limitations 0 the law- making ovrer will ' All restrictive legislation contains the germ of prohibition—is, in fact, prohibition partially applied—-so that what is termed prohibitory legislation, in re- gard to the liquor tr-alliic, is onl the extension of n rinciple indorsed as soon by successive Legis atures, and its impartial application to all The object propose by the founders of our State. when they incorporated the license system into its legislation, has not yet been attained; neither has the constitutional power of the Legislature in reference to it, yet been exhausted. With the utmost desire to reach right conclusions in relation to this matter, and to guard against the assumption of powers not conferred b our fundamental law, I have found myse f unable to come to any other result than this: that the legislative prohibi- tion of the trafio in intoxicating drinks is not only demanded as a measure of protection to the health, the property, and the lives of our fellow-citizens, ut that it is also distincti indicated by the nature and purpose of civil government, and clearly within the limits of its constitutional powers. These 0 inions,‘dilli- dently entertained at first. have seen wrought into conviction by is careful study of the limi- tations and duties of the law-makiri power, by judicial decisions, nearly or remote y affect- ing the principle involved, which have been had in the several States that prohibit the trallic in question, and b the dicta of the Supreme Court of the United ‘tates, which cover the whole ound in controversy, and leave little room or either cavil or doubt.

That the good results hoped for from the legislation recommended are legitimate to it, several of the New England States, especially Maine and Connecticut. furnish themost gratify- ing evidence. The steady dimin ' n ofcrime and pauperism in the States ref to, with a consequent and corresponding reduction of taxation ; and the new impulse given to almost all industrial pursuits by the transformation of those who were once a burden upon, the State into producers of wealth, constitute an argu- ment in favor of the policy advocated, which, while it carries conviction to the statesman, will benoloss appreciated by the multitude, unskilled tboifih they may be in casuistry. but also undo b it tits and unpervcrted b interest. Ifanytliing is to be learned from tge example of other States or to be deduced from our own increased experience, it should

made available to our use; and our legis- lation upon all subjects. should keep pace with our advancing into ligence, always ex rcssing the highest truth we have received. on reach- ing forward to the greatest good attainable. xsow or no summer riurr is Liitnv ro sucir roott s'r-ra:N'rioN, run INVOLVIS uitavntt AND iron ttoiraiv-rous irrrcnsra, THAN run: on: runs rassxx-rzn ros YOUR coivsiositi-rioi:.—That it is hedged about by dilhoultics which demand the exercise of gfint prudence, and that it may not always easy to reconcile conflicting interests with a nice adjustment of the scales of 'ttstice,I am not die scd to deny. But, gutdedb the purpose for which Government was ordit nod and coping steadily in view the well-bein ofsociety, which aims s rests on a moral basis, these dificultics will disnp ear, or be overcome; and on will be able, I trust, so to perfect the detni s ofa bill as. on the one bond. to secure the suppression of n demoraliz- ing traflic, and, on the other to protect personal rights, and give no just cause of com aint to those whose interests may be afibcteg by the prohibitory legislation which the higher in- terests of the community demand.

s- :0

Put Moirrv.w’l‘lie Boston Traveller states that the bill for 1854 of a lady of that city at a and embroidery store. was $2000, and or several ladies at one of the chief dr -goods stores of the city between $5000and 360(I) each,