dint-w chum.

lrlllnr III Illlgll‘

1 . Alanine IflllIfI-IIIII

54.50 per your (In advance)

AERIAL PROGRESS

progress on a great serial artery versing Canada from coast to cast has gone forward in a greater neasure than is fully realized by be general public, says “Canadian , l." editorially. The only casolls that one can ascribe for die seeming lack of publicity are, first, that most of the work so far been concentrated in bush lleaspoff the beaten path of com- aunication, and, secondly, that it oesn’t come within the realm of be spectacular, and therefore is ess to “make" the front pge frrdally newspapers. Tha7task of laying the founda- lon Qippletely across Canada for trunk-sir service, that is, prepar- ug all of the ground facilities de- liimdeu_..1or successful high speed ,ervio_é,_ls nothing short of hereu- pari. The work must be done thor- ugllly, and because of the falct list llllexperted engineering and thei- problems are necessarily en- Juntered as the work progresses, it not an easy matter for anyone o say what the date of completion ‘Fill be. The total length of the trans- ianada airway. from Halifax to ‘anmllvor, is 3,106 miles, which is lightly -ionger than the longest ‘ranscontinental route in the Unit- ‘d States. The route was commenc- vd in 1927 with Montreal-Rimouski ection to speed overseas nlails. m he prairie section it was started a 1929, buiht was not until the i.utu.ulnj_of 1932 that the schema was authorized which is now under ran-approximately 114 landing iehh sire involved in the trims- gianada phain, exclusive of muni- tripal airports, which works out at his field for approximately every h miles. The work that is present- ‘ in progress was authorized under .1 xvi-employment relief plan md is peirlg directed by the Department {if National Defense in co-opera- don with the Department of La- The number of unemployed Jviio becieflted under this develop- Inollrifischeme varies from time to ihrie, but during one peak period there were approximately 2,600 on jilie strength of the ail-way projects. The most difficult section to develop

s been Northern Oiitario, pflti- cil. arly between Oochrane and the

. ifanitoba boundary, a. distance of ‘ibout 640 miles. The whole pro- vedure in selecting and developing ditomiediate aerodromes, from the ziitial air reconnaissance to locate route to tire grading and finish- pig of the runways, is interestingly ifllflilled in the article.

r-r-i__-_

5 MR. KING'S POSITION

Q Discussing, from an independent Jtandpoint, Mr. Mackenzie King's re‘- ‘ t assurance that if elected he ould not scrap the Empire trade groements, the Sydney Post-Record yeoalls when the agreements were ‘before Parliament for ratific- ‘btion, in the, semion which followed eir negotiation at Ottawa ili the umnier of i932, the Liberal leader's position to them was most pro- bums‘ and uncompromising. Ho ' ntended that they would restrict, teachof enlarging, intra-Empim lrade, that they would irritate the United States and other commercial countries, and that their general re- flex on Canada's external trade would be most destructive. What no "Lrgued was that the Bennett Gov- ent, in agreeing to raise the arlfl on certain commodities so as give effective preferences to Great

m,“ .

pcting trade barriers which would obstruct the flow of international ‘commerce. Another point he raised that the five-year term for

ch the agreements _ were made entirely too long. He made if rlfectly clear, both during thede- in the House and subsequently ~ - several public addresses, that‘ i" pacts would be repealed when

-- party should again be? luoffice;

’ n Mr. King had merely stored ' l. t hiidoplriion had changed in the ~: of experience, and thatconss-

» fluently he was no longer opposcdbo i - t. - ggieemerlts, continues the Syd- ’ any paper, little fault could be found V: th his position. But- bQ-WGI not 1 content to leave it at that. Ho tado , a further decimation against ‘fecun- , nmic internationaiialuandecmiomio ’ ---- aliam." Ho assorfedthat if n entrusted with oflioo he would

l 'a point of P1811110 P0110! i0 ' gbiden the morketa for Canadian ucts, by striving to reduce the barriers erected in other coun- ss. Prcsumably this moan: that, the liberal Party in returned to ~ ~ p; a rolult of next year's cloc- merit will fol»

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thin and the 13011111110115. Wilififir‘.

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FRIDAY. DIUIHIII 3|. 118i

which the average Canadian has tho ,, ‘ apprehension when consid- ering the ohanou of a change of Government l your hence. Canada's experience in tbs decade between lmoandlm“‘be _§_to convince everyone that the random scaling down of tho Canadian ‘ariff, while bin-ting to Canadian produc- ers, can have absolutely no effect whatever in bringing shout a lym- pathetic reduction of tariffs in other countries. m point of fact, while Mr. King was "leading the way" in tariff reductions between i023 and 1980 with the Milo of getting our American friends to follow suit, tho tarifl of the United Std-kl Ill twice raised to new high rooordl never bo- ION ruched by any civilised collu- try. Ithasonlybecnsincotho ‘an- ldisn tdriff structure has been stifl- ened up within the past time or four years to correct the adveru trudia balance against this country, that Washington has shown a. desire to negotiate with Ottawa for a mut- ual tariff reduction on tbs part of both countries.

ECONOMIZING

Hon. R. B. Hanson, the new Minister of ‘Prado and Commerce, in his first statement linoo talking office, shows that there were mat- erial increases in Canada's trade both for November Ind during the eleven months period of 19M. There were two outstanding things in connection with November trade which, will give considerable 0n- uragement to the people of Can- ada, the Minister of ‘Ikade and Comm cu stated. Ono was that tho total hide of OIIOMLOOO ox- coded that of any month since May, 1981. The other was that Canada's trade with other nations during the eleven months of the Jesuit year was well over the bil- lion dolls: nil-rt for the first time for some years. whereas for the whole twelve months of 1938 it was only gosspsaooo. and during 1m it was only $54,464,000. The increase over the eleven months period»! i988 was twenty-five per cent. Canada's domestic exports during the eleven months of 19M 1881681111- ed 5923111900, or thirty-one per cent. over the some, period of 19M, before tho British Euipire trade agreement went into effect.

The significance o! these fig- ures, Hon. Mr. Hanson added, would be apparent when it was realized that Called-IL to make definite progress. rmlst inotclse her exports.

Possibly, as the Moncton Times suggests. this ovimce of Canada's export trade had some- thing to do with Mr. Mackenzie King's recent change of attitude to- wards the Ottawa agreements.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The shortest day: after tomorrow the day! lengthen.

The “January thaw" has been I little too precipitate.

If the Natural Research Council can bring about the substitution of potatoes for imported com it will benefit our farmers very materially. Once again it is demonstrated that necessit is the mother of inven- tion.

The success of Hon. Mr. Rhodes as a financial minister is unparal- leled in Canada's history. The latest feather in his cap is the flotation of the C.N.R.. three per cent. bonds at 99.75, or practically 99. ‘This im- mediately after the great re-funding loan is simply marvellous and verging on the miraculous. One thing it strikingly demonstrates, -the confidence of tho financial world in the Bennett Government.

Mr. Mackenzie King is kept busy "explaining" these days. Ho “ox- piained" his zecantatiori regarding Empire 'l‘rade Pacts-to his associates in convention ascsmbled; and now he is 117111310 "explain" his lieu- tenant’- rum. W. D. Euler) chsnw of fronted the railway situation. That is the worst of l. leader's neg- ative policy; his followers are in- dined to “i\1l1\P" his claim. and their "explanations" follow.

Montreal City Council is to eul- ulafe the Boll Government hon by "taxing everything tangible and intangible" in order to make up a deficit of UDWM- The“ IN t0 III

,. o... ulu........gw.

Amidst lbw gnonl all to hap- bultlo of tho spirits the nHQGTJOBI, which at this . what lieu-rt or: nmainoitilsonsiblsr ItJ-is the moon for kindling, not more- ly the fire of hospitality in tho borne. but tho genial flame of chor- ityinthslisartflowliocauturn oburlishly away from contemplat- ing the felicity of his fellow being! and can sit" down mpining in lone- liness, when all around is Joyful. needs tho genial and social sym- ‘”' which “‘ ‘ the charm of I. Merry Christmas-Jim

It I for each Dominion to not an its people and parliament direct. I believe, however, that in the great flmdomental questions which con- front the world today, the British States possess common views. The_ lllnplrsmayormsynotbeaiegal entity. The arguments over this would be cltdless and none too profitable. But for-all our differ- ences,’ I believe we do possess a moral and spiritual unity. I beliovo we do possess a moral and spiritual . I believe that we have in common an intangible ‘L which we derive from the life and character of the mother country herself. For lack of a better phrase, shah I call it the British spirit. It is not the spirit of “Rule Britan- niaW-that is happily out of date -but a humbler, noble:- thing than that-International Affairs.

2g g?

a

Between a Canadian on relief,

n peasant driven from his Jugoslsvian home at the point of a bayonet, there is more than a common misery. They are econom- ically sllied. No more is it possible to say that what goes on in Central Europe does not concern us. ‘The threat of war or of economic col- lapse deprives the Canadian crafts- man of work, the profesional man of fees and the merchant of bus- iness. It b easy to see that this is so. Men with capital do not put their money into business when

and what is going to iisPDcn in Europe is, rumor says so uncertain thatpeoplohangontotheir bank balances, even though they are getting small returns in interest these days. And imtil mon start producing thinsfl, until wealth be- gins to flow from the operations o! capital and labor, prosperity _ persist in staying round the corner. —-Hsniilton Spectator.

.4.

The rule giving tho , absolute priority at unregulated crossings is u. real gain to the walker, and it is only fair that, given this concessions, he should boliahlotnaflnolfhoabusesit. The 100911010 in the regulations is that which leaves him still free not only to cross where he likal. irrespective of beacons, but free of any liability to penalty, however long he takes over it or whatever perils ho may put himself or the motorist in go through his fool- hardincss. No doubt it would be unwise, for the present at all events. to make the use of marked cross- ings compulsory, but there is I. strong case for a. pioposfl-ndfl 411m- clicn by the Minister to educate the public in the strict observance. of the oode.—-New Statesman and Nation (IDDdOIL) -

Prime minimi-‘n. n. Bennett of Canada, says Geo. Matthew Adams. in a notable talk at Ottawa recent- ly, before ‘l. distinguished group of Canadians, spoke oi courtesy B8 01111 of the greatest assets a nation could have. "Courtesy," he said. “costs nothing and is a great asset

‘ to the country. No one can afford

to be overdone in courtesy by I stranger. I should like to inform Prime Minister Bennett that his wish is reflected throughout his own country, for I have travelled Canada. from end to end and haw found that courtesy to the strange: is p, most outstanding trait among Canadians. A lnaulfestatl - of con- slderation and courtesy toward tho strange; does more to create good will for a. country than anythlnd else-even more than all 111B D111)" licity and money spent ul>011 11d"!- flging inward, gaining the stranger or visitor, for if he doesn't feel welcome he will not return or tell others.

The outcome of the naval dil- cilsslons is inevitably linked with the larger question of Japaneso ambitions in China. Althouflh Tokio has successful in pme- ventmg a. formal discussion of al- lied political issues in conjunction with the naval talks, it has been unable to prevent Great Britain and the United States from Weill!!! their protests against the llroiect- ed munchoukuo oil monopoly. As it has been outlined, there can be little question that the monop°1Y 15 a direct v lotion of the we“ W" which Japan has promised to pro- servo in limanchuria. Under its term: the British and Am€11081l oil companies will not only be compelled to surrender a limit-m- tial zflare of their business in Japanese competitors. but vrili also be required to maintain a. six months’ supply of oil on hand. which may at any time be taken over by the government at its own PIiCGr-nl! Nation (New York).

they are uncertain of the fixture, °

rbotbull layers “

M1191‘! 811813011 in iictivo sport 01pm Wcigh themselves before __; may“; and immediately afterwards and mid that they have lost about a to u WW1! 111111111: the same or bout, Now these athletes are often not really fat, so it cannot be f‘; u“; 1111111118 11D most of the losaAs smut. ter of fact the loss of weight i; mgde up for the most part of wafer. Before the practice or bout or m, following day every ounce of weight wmbiibmmihfl bodydudforthe most part, to the drinking of liquid; —-Wflic1'. tea. coffee or other drinks. In addition to the liquids or water in the various drinks - every food mil‘! contains about cent 01 water. However aside from the water mag is a part of the food stuffs, the aver- age individual needs from three Pints to two quarts of liquids daily. When the weather is hot, or hard work is being done, than oven more than this amount is necessary,

In some factories or other institu- tions where the ployeeg drink much water it is now clmtomary to Add table salt to the water in the Proportion of 2 teaspoonfuls to the quart cf water. This prevents the employees becoming too thirsty bo- cause the salt enables the body tis- sues to hold more water.

Similarly in infections or where there has been a great loss of water by sweating or by diarrhoea, three quarts of water are now given daily. Formerly it, was not considered wise to use water or other liquids with meals as the liquids were thought to dilute or weaken the dig- estive Juice in the stomach, but now it is known that a little liquid before and during the meal actually in- the amount and strength of the estive Juices and l0 aids m‘- ostion. With the exception of certain cases of overweight and some thin individuals with a 10w lying stomach most of us can safely drink as much water as wish. In fact most of us would do ell to drink more water.

The Christmas Card

(Montreal Gazette) Millions of Christmas cards will be dropped into the mails during the next few days. How many of the 101k 1118111118 Ilse of this medium ever think of asking themselves how it was ever produced? Wlience came the art of writing? How did we get our alphabet? The proverb about a 1111118 b61113 easy as A,B,C is utterly misleading. S1 ‘ * things up the greatest. '1'lie post card is little short of a. miracle of human ingen- uity. For sands of years men labored to produce just such an art-form as can be bought today for five cents. Ilt tells out one of the. most alriazing stories of which we ha" 9-11? P900111. a much older than the Christmsstide angel itself and which harks back to the grey mists of primeval times. 'I‘lie full story cannot be told. There are miming links in the chain 0f svi_ dence, Yet, still enough is known to warrant certalin conclusions arbout the gradual evolution of tho art of writing whereof s. common ,‘ ‘ post card may strand tho befitting token and enable us to gain some insight of this problem and to trace out some features of an achieve- ment which, assuredly, ranlfs with

the greatest of human inventions and which most of the ancient peoples regarded as nothing less than the gift of the godsfo men. Let us look at our picture post card as supplying us with a. possible key to a romance “rich with the spoils of time."

First, then our post card is an object that. gives a. nudge to mem- ory. It calls up Bantu Claus and a host. of Yuletide iation . It is a reminder. People who cannot read or write can at least understand a picture, however crude it may be, jus as they may themselves tie a knot in a. hankerchlef or a thread round the finger "let we forget." And before the invention of writing this method obtained. ~The Red Indians used boxes called micams. belts of shell beads, knotted cords of divers colors. notched sticks, and the like, as means of recording time. numbers, festivals, treaties, great events, tribal customs and laws. and the fact of tribal history and ritual. It was not writing. but the use of_ such visible and "symbolic tokens was astep in this direction. And this system is still in use ‘amongst

“d would be dons by compulsory

tamper 11-

and through whom ‘the

product should be marketed.‘ This ing in older to daldgiinte what be marketed according to time and place. Growers would be registered and dealers licensed‘ Exemptions at discretion are evidently contempla-

service the board would W! 1U agents to investigate the 111917 of market extension. All in

the production and marketing of the regulated product would be bound to furnish information and to allow in- spection of their records and pre- mises. Not least important. the mar- keting board would undertah to ad.- vertise potatoes.

Thus reduced to itssimplolt terms, beco a co-operati w undertak- ing for the benefit of all, with date authority behind it to enforce o0- any fail to accord it voluntrnly. n. is possible that tho potato industry may be easier to ad.- apt to control than many other; its products am not so diverse ls in some other activities and its machin- ery is relatively simple and 0118a to view. This potato “ ‘i118 W119!" may therefore be taken as u. simpli- fied model of other marks schemes of a more complicated nat-

um.

There is n. matter, however, that does not seam to have boon mon- uoped yet: will there be any Iyotsm of assistance to growers to obtain seed, fertilizer, chemicals, spray and machinery? Will them be my help as regards frost-proof storage ac- commodation? Will the board en- sure that potato can shall be avail- able whenever movements of my magnitude are ordered? Marketing is, after all, only the sequel to the arocees of production and distribu-

on.

operation should

GBIYIAIB

‘nun white and lot her lo In way of man- Hai-rthstwiis gold! Give up the fight with ‘limo-obese tomshadel

Bomanifold.

Each pause brings back tho glomour

of lost years;

You tunithepags:

Hopedies before thsoomfngofqiliok can"

She secs oid Ago.

Give now the recompense-o. crown ~

Inlaid with peace,

With gems from strong desires her

_ soul laid down,

Iii-om wars that cease;

The royal dignity, serene and mild.

A life may keep

When, in the snows of ago-God's little child-

Sho falls asleep.

-Mlnni.s Hallows)! Bowen.

writing from such drawings as did duty amongst ancient ‘ u u. means of communication and were gradually developed into the form and the capabilities of service we recognize at this day.

It took millenniums of effort to fetch the art of writing up unto the level it has now attained amongst all civilian nations. Thu successive steps of this process it would ro- quire a treatise to expound, and at that the record would he but partial and complete. But the main stages in this evolution of art-craft we call writing are fairly well inti- cated. We have, first. reminders through visible objects. Then the pictures and part , become symbols. Then pictorial images be- calrie phonograms conveying ideas through the representation of sounds in words and syllables, and by letters put together in the form we have them now. We are told that three great groups of people work- ing independedly helped to de-l velop the art of writing The Ameri- can Indians began with reminder-u and produced a picture language. Ths- Chinese improved upon this and elicited phonograms. The Jap- arlese went a step further and made each syllable the record of a sound.