.

VOL. 22.

.%nae$art°m’e

CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, TUESDAY,

JULY 27, I859.

Qlgriculttirc.

No. 2.

‘I0 HIS EXCBLLENCY TIIE LII'IU'I‘ENAN'I‘ GOVERNOR OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.

MAI II‘ ynsasu trovrt Escaunsscv;

The Royal Agricultural Society of Priitce Edward Island. is your appointed and patronized prise of its agriculture. and, I ant greatly tifriiil. thiit your Excel-

Iucy and the llonorable Pro.-iideiit of that valuable In-rtitutioii will Ipply to me what Apelles said to the cobbler; lint iriileed, Sir. Iltglily ti:-«pi-ct, tiiiil, I think, tlitly t~stiiii.'itn tliri Itlioiirs of lli.it flu- ctelyg attiil rim-‘t 3lIlt‘i:I‘i |_i II.) in-pr-. ill,» .i.vl.iv g I ll l\i‘ ~..i.|, or Ilrall say, will be deeitied at all tlrsrc.-pm.-it'iil to its oiltccrs, or in dtsparsgsrueut of its iinportatit services to tho farini-r. I feel and mean quite the contrary; but your Excell.-ncy, [ rim gage’ win rm»- give my freedtirii, when I say, there is tl prirviitce in agriculture. Iud more are wants in agriculture for which ito |lfU\‘I~lli)It is ttia e. Ind lll-NM. I lMIli='Vd. lift! the things first required and most rsouiroil, I.itrfnrr-. ilte purposes of tltat rlocii.-ty cart be gt.-iierallv lIlltI lrc;iii-fici- ally accottrplislrod. I beg hate to explain, that my obtterv.-itiotu apply ll! field culture. and not to ilie hri,-cdiiig of stock; and with this liiiiittitioii, would re-ipeotfully submit, tltiit agrit-ult.:re at sent. will be more benelited by the labours of Ciiicinnatus, than the honors of Ciesnr. ‘

A few favoured localities may possibly be prepared to w,,,,,- ii“, orniitnerits ofroyal favour; but on lectively speaking, agriculture is toojuveitile. loo uccidurittil, too weak for the flattery of ii court; she must live a little longer among Itcr operatives -—iiiitl;o fi'lt.'tItItI of the Iislieritren and the swet-pit, ttiid of the best of llll helps, the scat- vengers; you must appoint her suitable preneplors, utid coniplete bar education in ii practical industrial school; and liavitig attained bar tri:i_)_orrly, and clothed Iii.-rsi.-If in suitable attire, \\Il.lI wealth Ippropruite to her ex ected ltoiriira, we will |rli.'s\:ltI. lIt_'l' to tire QIIWH. and proudly wear what Iler .\Itijo-sty pleases to bestow,-— It present we ltuiiibly ask the ways and irtetiiis to advance her im- provement.

Soon after my arrival in Prince Edward Island. it was said to me in I very_frieiidly tttatitter, by a very slirt-wd utid intelligent trades- llltlllr '3". )'0|I may depend upon it farming will never do here, it is I poor place, tie l.irid briitigs riotltittg, and the produce

ttieatis to stimulate tittd rewardilie enti-,r- _

‘ diitllrml do-pIlt—ititt without tirrtt cotisideiiitg whether it is

MANAGEMENT OF SOIL.

A soil would never got Ishausted, if managed with skill; but would continue to improve in depth and fertility in proportion to the industry bestowed upon it. f tits, it is true, may be exhausted front the soil by I re etition of crop in with any one family of plants, if we neglect the application ot'sucb fertilizers as may rive been taken frottt the soil by that family; but no part o tliegrowiiig seasoti is required or the soil to rest, or lie fellow. if juiliciously iiiamiged try a successive varying of the crops, or by supp yriig to them such food as may be it cotiipensation I'or what has been litktlll o by the previous crop. The first object to be attained for securing ti t-ertniii and prolitultle return ofproduce, itiust be the rou.;Ii rlrrririrue; tlni nest object is. brertlcirig the sub-soil to tho ropsr ltll protit.rli|.t to shift or turn up the iiirbsoil at once to the in ueacc ol the rtirtiuplioiio. or wliiitlri.-r it is li---t to lvri-alt iiiio it well first, by shilling trio suitlice soil, and rtllirtililg the stilt-oil to remain and rei:ctv_e—tirst the beneficial inlluonce, rind their-at the trenching, a portion of the subsoil rna_v be stirred up and mixed with the sur- face soil; this practice continued for every succeeding cm , will estalrlisli tr liealtliy fertilizing surface soil to any desired de th.

lrepe_rited stirriiigs oftlis surface are adopted according to the riiiture oi the soil irttd weather, every growing crop will continue in healthy luxuriarice, withoitt sulfering injury from too tiiuch niois- lum. tlrougltt or frost.‘ In sdditiott, h constantly scarifying, hoe- ing and forlsittg the surface soil, not only obnoxious insects and their larvtii are expelled, but would never make their appearance, much less have it clititice of corttitiiltitig their accustomed robbery of the soil and crops—iio ttietiti consideration, either when we observe the loss of titiie and produce occurring to such extent in some localities, by _alloii iiig woods to rob and cltoke the growing crops, and to shed their seeds, productiw ofa progeny siittilarly itrjurious to the crops tiexi in rotation.

'I‘lio application of manure is most essential, and may be applied most betieliciiilly wlii-it the soil is establislied in it healthy condition, and tiiairitairied thus by ll constant ittteiition to surface stirring. Yet the trpplicutiott ofrtraiturc is it recotidary cottsideriition; for though itltttay be very liberally applied, and with considerable expense. without first insuring the ltealtliiiiess of the soil, iriuclt property and labour ivill be sricriliced.—-Co lugs Garrlerrer.

ittisrellmicous.

, tnaltcs l°‘l“"B-' ' Er nihilo rrt'l_/it ‘ was never more " im- pressed on riiy niiiid than by iliis negation of nothing’; but ltd, two

negatives souietinies ntakea positive, I tried to lllillio tlio titost Impe- fttl cullllftlcllun of it I could; and sitice tlteii I have seen enough of the farming in sortie districts of the lslntid, to account for tho positive-negative-dicturit of my frietid. If such procei-ditivvs as go under the mime of limiting in the districts alluded to iii.» to be continued without better directiort und irssistattno, wliy certaittly ' the beginning oftlte end ' has cottinietieed. Willi such fartiiiti-v, tbs ftrriner tiiuy scraiiible through it few years of toilsonto existent: but live lie_csuitot-—lte is only beating the air with his flail and cutting elf the branch which supports hint with his age mid ["1] he must,—-ho is expending his prospective re~ioitrces' I.lIt3'Ir‘Int.I|0fd and the traili.-r have rt'ct'r'i'e/I their surplus capital ouit of his soil Ind what they tiiust tiow receive, if r.:ev receive any tliit:-v, is Illa’: which rettrtiitis for his future support and exi.-iteiice; lllli-I if they “II” ll ‘Will “II”. it is perhaps, at tliu toriiiiitiw ex lL'lI'»l! of starving In hottest and industrious f.irrncr and his wife ifiid .irit'i|y. This is I" "'”"_’ f_““°Y_ll'<! "NIH has parted with all the lift:-blood he co.rld

1'93 II II transfused into the sticarit of cotriiiierce; ho ltas only enough left for existence; if you tube a drop more, he must die, Under Ittcli circutnstutices, who would covet to be an arrt-at-land. lord, or I long-credit-tradestiian, or an expcctiitit-trading-sliip-owii- er .' and echo answers who 2

This coutitry is now. in its agriculture, what I-Ingltttid would be in her manufacture, if we were to suppose her foreign supplies of "W “"'l°"l5|l C“ "If: she would have a most complete ttiiicliiiicry, Ibundittit operatives, and ti supertluity of trndosiiieti to buy tor pfoiluclfir but the labour‘ iiiiirket is ft,’(ItI64‘tI lo Iitrlr‘-liine and Italy'- wager; the OW!!!" Bnlforo the heavy drag of it largiidortiiatit capital and Iitrlf-prolucc and the tradcsiiisti has little to sell; and shipping little to carry; arid the banker little to receive; and so the whole cotiritiutiity Iullirra because iltis ltas becotiie ll staple itttererit in tire land. Tits farmers of Prince iidwnrd Isl.-ma ,..,,,;;., gg|"r!’ ,i,,,,, /,,,[y'. Iirrtc loss; they cultivate ivitli lI.'tlI'r' labour tl-.au for it good crop, and receive the pitiful pillaricu uf_/it-c-for-our, \\I|t:r| they ought by the same itiacltitiery and labour to receive twelve; iitid this awful loss to the farmers arid the cninttiuiiity is entirely owing to the want of Iullicient ittunure, and the right application of it; the raw nrtrlcrr'rzl is iortnltrig.

The agriculturist, be he who he ntny, or where he may, can do no nod to the country witltout ti pletttiful supply of fall‘ rntrlcrittl to eed his iiiacliitiery; he riiay just I.-i,-up the wheels in ttiotioti, but they viill only supply his own (iurlr; be has nothing to still for his own an the pttlilu: use; and iftlie proprietor, or the trader, or built are his creditors, they rtiust take away his future support, or give away their ri'gI.l.

In all that I have said to your Excellcticy, I most confident- Iy bslieve. I am stating truilt without hyperbole ; and if such be the real state of agriculture, and such be lter iritportaitce to the well-beitig of the geople oftltc land, surely it is proper and

' h time to exatititis the cause, and see if iiotltiiig can be done to act I better order of things; and I :ittt persuaded if your Excel- Iunoy will institute enquiry, you will find tiieans to remedy the evils of unproductive agriculture. at as I have cotntnittcd my self, P9|'l||P|u flltller prematurely, to propose tncnns of relief, I will poitit out what have occurred to my own mind, and at it future opportu- pity endeavour to prove their prttrticaliility ritid .l(.II||Jl.llIIOIl to tho Itn ovetitent oftlte agriculture of I’. Ii. Island. 9570 I 80 flfllltif. il in proper I should observe that I have lived

lly whole life tiiiiorig II cotiiitiuiiity of the llI0rlI succe.-isfiil agricul- turslimprovers, perhaps, in the ktiown world; in districts where the rttoIt unprontrsittg beginnings have resulted in the most cotiiplete "W0": 0" WIWN ll!!! trltttiiplis of wisely npplii-d capital and science hiivs been the itrosi unwontcd—wliiere the literal dear-rt liaa bocontutt fruitful field; and froirt such experii-rice, and the long habit ufcorititrctiiig cause and t-lli-ct, I ntti coiripletely coiiiidont, that If some auclt measures asl have the Itonoitr to pro use to your Esnsllency. are adopted, like results will succee . I shall no IIIMI doubt of it, than I should of |'UCtlVefj"‘ n p,mL:m [mm ,, dun. gsross disease for which I knew I had a well-proved specific re-

In y.

I. The flrst or principal thing will be to prepare (manufacture If you plans), a liberal supply of the most suitable and concen- trsted portable manure, adapted pritiiaril and specially to tho lux- urious growth of turnips. rind root cry‘ general—but having res- pect to the IIlIJf0V9flIt!nI of the staple of the soil permanently '.' ‘.- tIbI rapar in the best possible manner, and sold at the loiicst

I prices, that is. the expense of manufacturing, and to re- cuivu marketable grain in payment.

I. To provide or prscticalscieiitidc Instruction. in the use of Ilclt kind of miinures. attaching miniature model garden fiirais to Ololl school-house, where the Jstlpill may be taught an hour or two II I day by the master, socor ing to the best known principles of notolpaioriipiiyptiflc agriculture, especially with reference to the sys-

I. To provide public grain and would depots at which the farmer lly deliver and sell at any convenient time, and ultimately receive tklabsst market ice for. _ is produce, st_tiiclilng thereto I Crying

to Improve t condition of drrinp grain.

These provisions may Ippear to be of diverse character, but I Illru. your Excellency. that in their nianiigotttent Intfpractical Opflltrolli tlisy may be worked in complete unity and simplicity, 0-the droam H III—IId II a future cotntiiunicntion I will endea- vssr b II II lb! manner in which the wliiile may be worked to- 5*. W I II IIttlI trouble II the ordinary operations of it farm; III I thhb show iv w the whole material may be plsstiklty _Ibtaliisd for llllllflflfiri? I portable compost manure, rm °"'l:;'M.3°l0'i IloII, or the purposes of agriculture in

""'t"'..'.'E"......"":'.;‘!:"" ,

i it a’ toss TON xirgsqum.r.iyio,ttrs. ' ' ' 5 ‘

NIGIIT AIR.

It is it prevalent idea that night is not so healthy as the atmos- phere when under the influence oflight. This opinion must ltave originated frottt some cause, or else it must be set down ainoug old wives‘ fables. No one ever had an opiiiiun, that the cotitposition of air ivirs changed durirtg the night liuurii; but certainly it is well known, that air and the atmosphere are two ditli.-retit things. The attrtosphcre' may become erfcctly corrupt, rind in iitttity places it becomes so; but air is it xed cotnposiiioti; therefore, when it be- cotires mixed with is superabuitdaiice of carbonic itcid, or an other gas, it is tio longer air. The atriiospliere——-that air in whit: we cntiiiiruiilly breathe, and on which we continually fecd, often bocoint-s unlit for respiration by extraneous matter floating in it, |lIIlIl’I' the dill?-rt-tit ti itiii-s of tttiasrttn, infection, die. It has been

3 said, ‘ the belief of night l|II' being injurious, is art error, which has

liioilctt-d the iittroducltott of ventilation more than all otlters.” This ivc do not bi-lieve; for it is well known, that the ellluvia of ntarsltes is the most dangerous during night hours. and those who are exposed to the night air in any country, except upon the ocean, never enjoy such baltli as those who are protected from its '

'l‘lto domestic atiittiuls such as cows and horses, which are housed every night in summer, ‘do better,’ the fainter say, than those wtiicli are exposed to the free veiitilatinn of chilling dairips, and the chilling daittps, and the extraneous gases which sluggislily float near t e earth's surface at night, owing to the ahiicerice ofthe sun,wlticli, during the do . carries IIit!III up like the dew, above the stratum in iihii:|i we live and walk. No one ever supposed, that the pure uimusj lit-re IIi'IlI any thing to do with causing the death of persons (!\ptJ~t.'tI at night within the tropics; nor does it roduce. the cough of the cunsuiripiivc and astlittuitic, nor the langput and misery wltich the sick so freipiently experience.

’I‘|ieso and other sulfertttgs experieticed more particularly at night, are cart-ed by carbonic acid, nliseticn of sun-Ii t, rapid reduction of tcitipi-tature, the air bi-iiig saturated isiilt tiioisttire, 316., and not by that air witltout which we cannot live three minutes. It is absurd to suppose. that fresh air supports our life and destroys our II-‘ltllll at one and the some time. 'I‘ltc satire tltiiig cannot possess the utterly iiiconipatible cliaraett,-r of good and evil, of supportin life and destroying it. tis all nonsense to talk about pure air being lturtful to life and health. at utiy season by night or day; but while carbonic acid, absence of ssn-light, rapid reduction of tern- peratiire, tlie atttiospliero saturated with moisture, &.c., at night, are the citu-cs of sickness and sulfering, it is no error to suppose that the night iitttioripliere is oftctttitites injurious to health. A be- lief in this need not previ-tit good veiitilatinn, for if cotton cloth screens are placed in windows during-night hours, I free ventila- tioti is obtaitrcd, rind the air is soiiiewhut rarefied, before it enters the apariiitetti; this meets all the necessary cotiditioiis of freedom froitt exposure, and ti plentiful supply of as good air air can be ob- taittetl. 'I'hose who believe that constant exposure to night air is not iri'urious, have never had the goorl fortune of trusting to that notable rtppeitdage, placed so protitiiietttly oti tiinn‘a frottt for a de- tector, viz., it good olfactory exp|orer.—Sci'e.rlr‘fic ./Irrisricari.

jjjj A PASS.-\(s'E TIIIIUUIIII AN ICEBEIIG.

A passage through an Iceberg was olfected by some men who served in one of ilie Ari-tic expitditioita A large Iceberg was seen \\'l|IClI hail been perforated. tippt.-tiring like art arch or tunnel, and three of tire sailors took a bout to trail through it. The writer

Iu s :—

I" On nearing the arch, and ascetttfining tlttit there was a suIIici- ency of writer for the boat to pass through, we rowed slowly and silently under, when there burst upon our View one ‘of the tuna! ttingiiiliceirt speciitietrs of Nature's handy work Iver exhibited to inor- ttil e -es.

IVhen we had got about linlf-wiry through the mighty structure, on looking upwardl observed, that the berg was rent_ the whole breadth of ilie arch. and in is perpendicular direction to its suiriniit, s towing two vertical sections of irregular surfaces, ‘ darkly, deeply. beautifully blue,’ hero and there illutnined by an arctic sun, which darted its golden ra "s between, presenting to the eye .3 picture of ethereal grandeur which no poet could describe, no painter portray. I wssso onraptured with the sight. that for I moment I fancied the ‘ blue vault of heaven ' had opened, and that I actually gazed on the celestial splendour ofa world beyon this. as . in an instant the scene changed, and I awoke as it were from _I liglitful dreiint, to experience all the horrors ofa terrible reality. ‘I observed tbs fracture rapidly close then again slowly open. This stupendous man of ice. mil ions of tons in we ht. was Iflpat,_con- sequsaily in motion, and apparently about to_ use its equilibrium, cit raise. or burst into fragments. ur position was truly awful; my feelings at the moment triay be conceived but ‘cannot be de- Icri . I looked downwards and around me, the sight was equal- l appalling; the very III ssarried agitated. I at last shut my eye! ft-vom a scene so terrible, the men It the ours as if instinct _' gave way,‘ and our little crafl Iwi.l\Iy glided from beneath the gigantic

as

E. - O I

Thus Indcd an excursion, the bass recollection of which, at this moment, awakens in tire I shudder; nevertheless, I svouldnot have lost the opportunity of beliolding I Iosus so awfully Iublimo. 00 tn- gicall grand, for any money; bntl would not again rttti suit I risk ftir the world.

We passed through the berg about two p. It., and at tau o’clock the same night it burst, agitating the sea for miles around.’

‘ Who is that lovely irl l’ Isolairnstl the witty Lord Norblry, in company with his frierr , Counsellor Grant.

' .\l':ss Glass,‘ replied IIII Counsellor. _

' Glass.‘ reiterated the fsoetious jadge.—'I should oflsit be iii- toaicatstl could I place such I glass to my lips I

A hid mmritort to a prism tbs otttsrslgIt.thattbssgvibonight print I III. he must Iovsr publish it.

IJ3CD)EBE1?‘.

SUMMER. DAYS.

In saiittiiar, when tItI days were long.

We walked together in the wood; Our heart was light, our step was strou ,

Sweat flutterings were there in our Ii ood In summer, when the days were long.

\Ve strayed from morn till evening canto,

We Itherod flowers, and wove us crowns, We ws lied ‘mid pop ies red as flame,

Or set upon the slow downs, Arid always w' our life the satua.

In summer, when the days were long, I70 is tired the

And when we sat beneath the trees, With shadows lessening in the noon; And in the sunlight and the breeze ed iniiny a gorgeous June, While larlts were singing o'er the less.

In summer, when the days were long,

On dainty chicken, snow-white bros , \Ve feasted. with no grace but song;

We plucked wild strawberries, ripe and red In surinnsr, when the days were long.

We loved. and yet we knew it not ‘or loving seemed like breathing then; “'0 found a Heaven in every spot, Haw angels, too in I l g men, And dreamt of God in grove and grot.

In summer. when the days are long Alone I wander, muse alone; I see her not but that old son Under the fragrant wind is blown, In summer when the days are long.

Alone I wonder in the wood, But one fair spirit hears my ‘sighs; And bulfl see, so glad and go , The honest dityliglit of her eyes, That charmed rue under earlier skies.

In summer when the dn s are long,

I love her as we love of old, My heart is light, my step is stro

For love brings back those hours of gold In summer, when the days are long.

TIIRILLING INCIDENT OF OCEAN LIFE.

Our noble ship lay at iinclior in the Bay of Tangier. I fortified town in the extreme northwest of Africa. The day liiid been as- tretttaly mild, with I gentle breeze sweeping to the northward and west, but along towards the close of the afternoon the sea breeze > died away. and one of those sultry, evanlilie stiitos erio breaibings came from the great sunburnt Sahara. Half an our before suit- down the Cuptiiin gave the cheering order to the boatswain to call the hands to go in awiittmitig, and in less than live minutes the forinii of our tars were seen leaping from the arms of the lower

s.

One of the studding-sails had been lowered into the water, with its corners sus from the main yard-arm and the swing- ing bootn, and into this most of the swimmers made their way. Among those who seemed to be enjoying the sport most heartily, were two of the boys-—'I‘im Wallace and Fred Fairbutiks, the lat- ter of whom was the sort of our old gunner, and in I laughing mood the started out from the studding-sail on I race.

' here wasa loud ringing about of joy on their lips as the put off. and they darted through the water like fishes. The sur ace of the sea was siitootlt as glass, though its bosom rose in long heavy swells that set in from the .\tlnittic.

The vessel was moored with a long sweep from both cables, and the buoy on the starboard quarter, whore it rose and fell with the la: swells like a druitken man.

Towards this buoy the two liids made their way, Fred Fairbanks taking the lead; but when they were within twenty fathoms of the buoy, Tim shot a-head and proitiised to win the race. The gunner watched the progress of his son with a vast degree of pride, and when he saw liitii drop behind, he leaped upon the poop, and was just upon the poittt of urging him on by a about, when a cry reached his ear that made him start as if he had been struck with I Cl.IIl|'IOII ll .

A shark ! a shark ! crime forth from the captain of the fore- csstle, and, at the sound oftltese terrible words. the men who were in the water, leaped and plunged towards the ship. '

Ilight abeam, at I distance of three or four cables’ lengths, I shark's wake was seen in the waters, where the back of the mon- ster was visible. llis course was l'or the

For a rnotnent the gunner stood like one bereft of his lenses, but on the next lie situated at the top of his voice for the boys to turn; but the little fellows licard hitn not—Itoutly the swiintners strove for the goal, all unconscious of the bloody death-spirit that hovered so near them. Their merry laugh still rang over the water, and at length they touched the buoy together.