_ train’!

HASZAttl)’S (i.\'/.E'l‘TE. OCTOBER 22.

GIIBLL IIIILDIGBIOI‘

The overland travellers to California are often attacked, plundered (I even mur-

' dered by Indiana. A recent horrible in-

stance of this is recoorded. Three or four persons killed-—among them an infant-and the mother supposed to be carried 06' by the savages to a worse fate than death. It would seem to be time that Christianity had reached these wondering tribes, who are on the very track of civilisation.

Acts almost as barbarous as the above, however, are recorded in the focus of intel- li ence. An Editor of Charleston (W, R.

aber) was killed by one Magrath, in a duel, on the third fire! A young man nam- ed Kearas, quarreled with another called Spenser, about an umbrella, in a boarding house, and stabbed him to the heart. Truly Christianity was as absent in these cases as in the other.

IXPINII. OI THI WAI.

It has been roughly estimated that the total sum expended by all the helligerenta during the war cannot fall far short of 2,000,000,000 dollars [L.400,000,000]. If to this sum be added the value of property sacrificed in consequence of the war, ofthe fleets destroyed, the towns burnt, the for- tresses, harbours, bridges demolished—all of which _cost millions in their construction —if account be taken of the property of private individuals utterly devastated in the course of the struggle, and of the untold losses occasioned by the withdrawal of hun- dreds of thousands of men from the ordin- ary industrial and ‘productive employments. of peace, some idea may then be formed of the deplorable expenditures of the war. During the two short years ofthe war, it is estimated that upwards ofthree-quarters of a million perished on the ﬁeld in ﬁght, on the wayside from cold or want, or in the hospital from disease, who, had they been left to pursue their ordinary avocations. might ltave enriched the'r country and bene- ﬁted their fellow-men. But apart from the material considerations of pecuniary proﬁt or loss, considering the question as one affecting the cause and interests of liu- manity, who cart compute the anguish, the misery, the despair, which war brings in its \Vho can cstitnate the blighted

ltopes, the desolate hcatths, the crushed fortunes, and countless domestic miseries which war occasions? They are not re- mcmbercd, when the triumph of the hero is celebrated ; they are not noted by the chronicler; they are not taken into account by those who engage or provtke the con- test to satisfy ambition, lust for power, or some other unworthy passion; and yet they are the saddest, because irremcdiable, coit- lequcrice of war.—.N'cw York Journal of Commerce.

——-o

A rrrssrssrrrr srnru-eon.

There is a good reason why it is built with so little depth of bold. It is to allow the boats to pass the shoal water in many parts of the river, and particularly during the season of drought. For such purpose, the lighter the draught the greater the ad- vantage; and a Mississippi captain, boast- ing of the capacity of his boat in this re- spect, declared, that all he wanted was a heavy dew upon the grass to enable him to propel her across the prairies! If there is

ittle of a Mississippi steam-boat under the water, the reverse is true of what may be seen above its surface. Fancy a two-story house some 200 feet in length, built of plank, and painted to the whiteness of snow; alcy along the upper story a row of green- latticed windows, thickly set, and ning out upon a narrow balcony; fancy a atten- ad or slightly rounded roof covered with tarrcd canvas, and in the centre_a range of skylights like glass forcing-pits: fancy, towering above all, two enormous black cylinders of sheet-iron, each ten feet in diameter, and nearly ten times as high, the funnels of the boat; a small a linder on one side, the ‘scape-pipe; a tall agstatf stand- ing up from the extreme end of the prow, with t e ‘star-span led banner’ ﬂying from its peak—fsncy at these, and on may form some idea of the characteristic fea- tures of a steam-beaten the Mississippi .- Ceptaia Mayne Reid’: Quadroon.

riasr nralrr A1‘ ‘I'll raosuss or ‘nil isriiiws.

The Hinchinbrolrs was, in the spring of 1780, employed on an expedition to the

Spanish main, where it was proposed to

pass into the South Sea, by a navigation of boats along the river San Juan and the

lakes Nicaragua and Leon. The plan was

formed without a sufficient knowledge of the country, which presented difficulties not

to be surmounted by human skill or perse- verance. It was dangerous to proceed on the river, from the rapidity of the current,

and the numerous falls over rocks which

intercepted the navigation ; the climate,

too, was deadly, and no constitution could

resist its effects. At San Juan, Ijoined

the Hiriclitnbrolrc, and succeeded Lord Nel- son who tvae promoted to a larger ship; but

be had received the infection ofthe climate before he went from the port, and had a fe- ver,from which he could not recover until he quitted his ship and went to England. My constitution resisted many attacks, and I survived most of my ship's company, hav- ing buried, in four months, 15) of the 200 who composed it. Mine was not a singular case, for every ship that was long there suffered in the same degree. The trans- ports‘ men all died, and sonic of the ships,

having none left to take care ofthetn, sunk in the harbour; but transport-ships were not wanted, for the troops whom they had brought were no more; they had fallen, not by the hand of an enemy, but from the con- tagion of the climate.—Cor-rcspoadcrice of Lord Collingwood, published in 18%.

GRATII LIJNCHIONB.

At the hotel at which I am now—the Or- eans—there is daily spread, at one o'clock a table professing to bear upon it a lunche- on gratis. The eatables exhibited consist of the leavings of yesterday, which now reappear in some new shape or other. A number of people flock in at this time, and irt ten minutes, it is difficult to find a vacant place, so eager is the unpaying comrirunity to avail tlietnselvea of this opportunity of dining gratis. The proceedings of this great body amused me. it consumes vora- ciously. its tnernbers seize a slice ofincat, dip it into the salt-cellar and salad mixture, then bite off the end so palatable, continu- ing to dip aml bite till the wliolo slice is eaten. Others moisten their forks, not bo- ing particular as to the soirrce of the mois- ture, attd thrust tlrctn itrto the salt or pop- per, and so carry away a certain portion_ and wipe it on the slice of meat in their possession. There is method in this sys- tem—it brings some large number of the community to the hotel; and though these visitants pay nothing for consuming the rubbish, yet they are each expected to take a ‘drink’ at the bar, which is close to the luncheon-table. This they all do with much ﬁdelity, and the drink costs twenty- ﬁ'.'e cents. Now, one drink almost tini- formly suggests another ; and many have found out that the gratis reputation of the luncheon is but a fiction after all. Strange as it may seem to Europeans, I have seen well-dressed peoﬁle wedging their way to the table throng a mass of draymen, lab- ourers. &.c. ; and not unfrequently has the governor of the state himself acquired a forward position there, exercising at the time, like a good republican democrat, more prowess than dignity.—N¢is Book on Cali-

for-riio.

Asses-r or Foasros Swntsi.sae.—-'l‘hreeo' the parties connected with the great swindle of th Northern Railway of France, were arrested in New York on Saturday. "There names are Louis Grelet, one of the cashiera,aan a younger brother, and August l’arot, a sine spcculstor. arrived in the A tlsntie. Carpenter. the other cashier. came in the Fulton, from Havre. but has not yet been arrested. 70,000 francs only were found on the parties. The whole amount of the swindle is known to be nearly 3,000,000f. The pennies were followed to this country by a mem-

rofihe London Detective Police. and one_ot' them was arrested in the oﬁcc of Mr. lleltnoot, where he had [one to exchange some notes for gold.—-Quebec Paper.

Bsi.i.ooi4 Fouttn n Sn.-Prosirwetmen, (let. 0 —Arriverl, acltr. Etllttlnl. Wheeting, Grind; Banks. Yesterday 85 miles northeast of Cape! Cod, picked up balloon Young America. Thai balloon, when first seen, was stloat, with the has- ket antler water. ltiwss slightly damaged in tak-

ing it on board.

Thcy 800

Tue Cuoics or Boou.—The following! sensible remarks we copy from the St. John Observer and Liter Gazette, a paper in every respect, wel printed and edited. The resent is emphatically the age of Books—boolts on all subjects-at all sizes—-of all rices. Some of these are triumphant exhibitions of the dignity of human intellect, when expanded by study; and the reading of them will enlighten the mind, purify the heart, and elevate, the whole man in the scale of being. Were all the books that constitute the current literature of the day of this character, we would not think it necessary to make the choice of books a distinct subject of investi- ation. But then it cannot be denied, that a large proportion of the literature of the day is entirely of an opposite character. It is a melancholy thought, that many of the publications which are daily issuing from the Prcss- -which occupy a place in public libraries, and even ﬁnd their way to drawing-room tables are decicdedly immo- ral and pernicious. To say that the perusal of such is time lost, would not by any means express the whole idea which we would wish to convey in this article, for we believe that they have a direct ten- dency to enfeoble the mind, debase the heart, and like the deadly Upas, taint and poison, with pestiferous breath, the moral atmosphere wherever they are admitted. Thus it is that whilst books expand the intellectual powers, and increase the store of human knowledge, they have a tenden- cy to produce a powerful effect either for good or evil, on the moral dispositions and ~ ropensities; according to their quality. in accordance with this principle, we are free in expressing our conviction, that the volume ot l‘|utarch’s lives,” which Napo- leon is said to have delighted in reading

under his pilloiv by night: operated in no inconsiderablt: degree in developing those passions, and forming those traits of cha- racter, which distinguished that extraordi- nary mart.

It is of very great importance tlittt this fact be practically recognized by all; btrt especially by those who are undergoing that process of iiiornl discipline which will render them either respt-c.tt'ul, useful and happy, or degraded, worthless and misera- ble in future years. And this is peculiarly requisite in the preserit age, when tlroti- sands of publications are daily issuing frotn the press, bearing the impress not only of the writer's intcllcct, but exhibit. ing a variety of quality, ..orr-espontling

\Vc therefore conclude that were parents more particular as to the quality of the books which they put into the hands of their children,—wero the managers of reading societies more choice in the sclec tion of books for circulation amongst the members,—and were the youth of the ago more sensible than they seem to be of the mighty inﬂuence of the Library, then might we expect society to attain to a more elevated standard of excellency, whilst many a species of moral and politi- cal evil would be forever banished from the earth.

The extraordinary advance in the price of tobacco is in sonre measure accounted for by the rapid and vast increase of the consumption of the article in France, where, we read, “it has increased to such an extent that the old mnnufnctorics are altogether insufficient to provide for the demand.” ln one cigar manufactery lately established in Paris no less than . women are employed daily; the whole number of halide, including 900 boys, being ltl‘35.

.0llNr‘.ltal.§ run we En-.—'l‘here is one mineral beyond all others essential to life. It we may be permitted to recall the very common phrase by which a man said to be a brick, we would indicate the pro riety of

speaking of phosphate of lime as t e mor- tnr which completes the ediﬁce. The

‘phosphate of lime cements and stilfens the

gelatine ol the bones. It is the so-callcd bone-earth to which the bones owe their stiffness and solidity. It is the phoe hate of lime which renders them cspabe of

with the intellectual vigour and inoruli disposition of their respective AIttltors.lticres.

supporting the weight of the body. protect.

ing the delicate organs of life, and serving as levers on which the muscles may “L Phosphate of lime reaches us in all flesh and in most articles of vegetable food, 5,,‘ especially in some of "the cereals. A striking illustration of the value of the phosphate of lime, as a constituent of our dietary, may be found in the fact that nearly all the nations of the earth feed either on wheat or rye, or on barley or- oats, and these grains appear to be Ipeci. ally sdapted for human use, by lﬂﬂjgn of the large quantities of phosphate lime which they contain.—Houultold Words.

Wesi.rn or ran Brut-isa Alterocngcm —ln evidence of the wea1th amassed by ancient families, the traveller is shown in.

. alaces in Piccadilly, Burlington House,

evonshire House, Lansdowne hon‘. in Berkshire Square, and, lower down in mg city, a few noble houses which still with. stand in all their amplitude the encroach- ment of streets. The Duke of Bedford includes or included a mile uare in the heart of London, where t a British Museum, once Montague House, now stands, and the land occupied by Wohnrn Square, Bedford Square, Russell Square. The Marquis of Westminster built within a few years the series of squares called Belgravia. Staﬂbrd House isthe noblest palace in London. Northumberlatrd house holds its lace by Charing Cross. Ches- terfield ouse remains in Audley Street. Sion House and Holland House are in the suburbs. But most of the historial houses are masked or lost in the modern uses to which trade or charity has converted them. A multitude of town palaces contain inesti-

mable galleries of art. it the country, the size of private es-

arrd which he is reported to have kept titles is more impressive. From Barnard

(‘astle, I rode oti to the highway twenty- three miles front High Force, it fall of the Tees, towards Darlington, past Roby Cag-

rlle. through the estate ofthe Duke of ‘Cleveland.

‘rides out of his house a hundred miles in u

The Marquis of Brcadalbanc

straight litre to the sea, on his own proper-

ity. The Duke of Sutherland owns the ,t-ounty of Sutlierland, :Scot|and frotn sea to son.

stretching across The l)uke of Devonsltire, besides his other estates, owns 96,000 acres in the county of llerby. Tltc l)uko of Richmond ltns 40,000 acres at Goodwood, and 300,000 at Gordon Castle. The Duke of Not-folk's park in Sussex, is fifteen miles in circuit. An ngriculturist bought lately the island of Lewes, in Hebrides, containing 500,000 The possessions of the Earl of Lonsdale gave him eight seals in Parlia- ment. This is the Heptarchy again; and before the Reform of 1832, one hundred and filly-four persons sent three hundred and seven members to Parliament. The borough-mongers governed England.

These large domains are growing larger. The great estates are absorbing the small frceholds. In 1786, the soil of England was owned by $200,000 corporations and proprietors; and in I893, 32,000. These broad estates find room on this narrow island. All over England, scat- tered at short intervals among ship-yards, mills, niiues and forges, are the paradises of the noble, where the live-long repose and reﬁnement are heightened by the con- trast with the roar of industry and necessi- I‘, out of which you have ate pad aside.-

. W. Emerson? Erglislt Thanh.

Suir Bnir.nrrro.—The New York Cou- rier and Enquirer says:--“Fell brings no relief to the general dullness which gevsils in the ship yards of this city and

rooklyn. The business is conﬁned en- tire to meeting the wants of lmlitlt0l- Nothing or at most very little, is done on speculation. what business there is, how- ever, is of a healthy character, and safe in its returns. The stock of ship timber In the market is quite large. and we learn that there is tl large quantity in the forests, ready for delivery when a demand shall spring up. We cannot say there has been any chnn o in prices since our last notice- Georgia gins still rernaine at a low lgnro. The supply of ship knees exceeds the de- mand. There is some call for the lighter

timbers used in the frames of medium sized vessels.”