- oat tbe,nnu's'nopty<neqntt-scans

»"§¢

"tl-.

'LE ‘ \..~ _.

-is-1~i. .

s maddn for the unrestricted' inter-

_`.,} .

" it

i' “L

. , ,.,, ‘.

i.,' .` I ,'

1

a

\

if W 5; '

JANUARY 4th iii!

.e U ,C if __, to g - _ C- g 'IHL GHARLOTTETOWN euasplau PAGE NINE

' I ` Teachers. Parents, Pupil.-f,

out ....

____ 5

fYl|ll` Elllili-NGE SEED

now snowman wsu. ns: 'Mm gp- you rms cowrmmcr. ui'e=nnttua» own nm' booked _ sn.. Agreement which ‘e_=~-._vvui'-unable-‘nous oonnn-te, it

- ._ 4130 U0 Give .lieldtlnce toAllie|. ' ""1‘°_- mu the sy ' resort.; on on ,¢°!\.“ *ht arrangggientl haze beet:

'0|1i.#lo of seeds between' Canada and fthe United Statesf and for seed ex-

-ft 'iwfti' to und- from Antec countries.

'llr”<"Goor e F Clark Canadian Seed

‘ V; lf? ` . _ I . , 1U0ll1'miIl\°ller. has returned from a

conference at Washington. I-le rc-

, g ported to the conference that the

Canidlan seed trade and canning

1918 seed production would make possible the export of certain seeds to the United States' in return for their supplying our shortages.

Before tho war the ileld'-'root and

,vegetable seeds used in Canada were

.- stocks on band ‘together with _the . 73 , ,

obtalnetl largely from Europe. llangel land beet- seed came principal- ly from France and Germany, most of our turnlp from Great Britain and Holland. and carrot from France and Great Britain. Cabbage. caulidower, celery. Parsnip, garden beet and rad- lsh seeds were mainly from European stocks. Tomato, onion, cucumber and melon seeds were supplied by the United States, while peas, beans and sweet corn comprised 'tii‘€"6\'it‘i: of Canadian -production. , The inferior quality of much of the imported seed together with the possible' uncertainty of foreign sup- ply had ledtbe Seed Branch to inves- tigate the feasibility of home pro- duction. Aside"l'rom small quanti- ties grown experimentally by Dom- inion- and Provincial Experimental Farms, individual farmers and gar- deners were found to be growing seed in a small way and their experiences were recorded. Indeed. certain lo- calities had achieved some reputa- tion, notably Yarmouth Co.. N.S.. for nwede Vseed, and Waterloo County, Ont., for tho seeds of more tender vegetables. But the growers were handicapped by inexperience, unsuit- able machinery, and the high cost of labor.

With a view to acquiring complete

Information, experiments extending over` a four-year period were con- ducted in Western0ntario under Gov- ernment contract and supervision. Practically all the dlii‘erent kinds of leld root and vegetable seeds were grown ln quantity and careful re- cords kept of the various operations. The results were quite satisfactory and served as a basis for drawing up a schedule of subventioneto growers'

which were authorised by the Minis--"

ter of Agriculturein 1913. These subventieneravvpaid direct to the grower on the certiticatiomof olicials who arergresponsible for the inspec- tion of growing seed crops and re- cleaned seed. hey are paid on the principal kinds produced and held for seeding in Canada and amount to about one-eighth of normal retail prices, which was estimated as sunl- olent to overcome the disadvantages of productioain Canada.

Some 10.000 pounds of these seeds.

mostly sugar beet, mangel, swede turnip, tomato, onion, radish and let.- tuce,'passed inspection in 1913 and were recommended for subventions. On the outbreak of war in 1914 Seed Branch-oiilcers conducted s vigorous campaign in Eastern Canada and British Columbia, and in 1915 re- ported over ii6,000 pounds. Last year the Canadian crop was approximately 84,000 pounds, and this year, with the assistance of the Experimental Farms Branch. production will reach almost a duel-ter million pounds of essential field root- and vegetable seeds. Stocks forthe 1919 seed crop have' been produced thisseaeon for planting out next spring on s basis lumcient for well over three-quarters of a million pounds. `

Small Farm Disadvantages.

Although the “little farm 'well

titled" is a f|.fvorif.o with the poets,

\ #rm management surveys of the

ebraslia Collcgo .of Agriculture

ehogv that it has several disadvan- tag sl Among those which have the greatest cifeot upon farm profits may 'be mentioned the following: " (l) Two men are needed to do a large part of farm work economically, ands small farm frequently docs not offer"enough»t steady work to kecp an additional men busyi-` _,,_(2) The cost of horse labor per acre, like that of men. is excessive.

(3) The cost of machinery per

acre onysmagl farms Is nearly double that on ‘ emily-sized" farms, as machinery can be used to better advantage on such farms.

(4) Barns and similar equipment

cost more per acre than on large farms.

(5) Small holds are necessary,

and the cost of' fencing is iucreued per acre. '

Food Vlllio of Milk.

There is undbllillodly no food so

essential to the development of man- .kind as milk. First, it is the _only food which man- can take from in- fancy and produce growth to matur- ity. Second, milk if_tsken in fjberal quantities is the g\‘eateet_dilea'ee re- sisting food found in the entire eate- gory of foods; still, third, it is one of the most economical of all foods. ‘lftlk is still the~.ehespest.animal pro-

duct on the market. \

._._..Ju.u¢._»-.-._ ‘

on-is at om.. agricnitnm soliton.

For the past two :sais young ia-

diea have been tolling, he straight

a.'it°..':':.'.'i'.:::.'isiit€ r§is.¥’i".ll'°i:.¥ 1

lnoet instances "tho heavier work,

is a en y n s er u

wh fkblwbh 'ii '”tl"ci'” 3°: in one case a yo flatly? little Erma

Qoglier (now I ._Nel|on. Cluny) too tile complete eourae. _

it Milne! 'lilo on One Farm.

Nineteen iloe , il , have _ d this su=%ti.g 'gtge-form~ orbit? sary Knigh , j,;, t._..i0atltarines. s work was d tid the ten ot the , , .gs ive.

county. .' i I oft.

N0 SEED BBOITAGE

-‘3\|PP|Y In Nor_tli"Amu‘loa Bnheidat

for Allies. .

As airoutcome of a ioint meeting

of the Seed Stocks Committee, repre- sentatives ofthe War Trade Board. Food Administration, vegetable gray. ers and wholesale seed merchants of the United. States. held in Washing- ton_ recently. at -which a representa- tive of the _Canadian Seed Depart- ment was present. it was decided- that there ts. no cause for fear of a short- age of seed of farm and garden crops ill Cilllilri or the United States. such as exletedxin the spring of 1918. In the case of itamaof seed supply of which there is a shortage in the United States there is a surplus _in Canada, and with the exception' of onion, rodllh and parsnip seed, the supply in the United States will' be sufficient to take care of all require- ments including prospective demiuds from all Allied countries. '

' A8 rosards the seed supply for the

Principal grain crops in Canada, the supplies of barley and oats are well above normal, while spring wheat is expected to he- sufficient for the count:-y's requirements. In Ontario, barley and oats show a good surplus, giving farmers in that province the opportunity to make careful and ex- acting selection for next season's planting. A simile." condition with re. gard to thc supply of coarse grains exists throughout the rest of Eastern Canada.

Corn grown for seed in South.

western Ontario is proving a moat satisfactory crop, and will ensure a great proportion of the yield being well preserved for next spring’s use. Most of the counties in the recog- nised' seed producing section will have sl supply sumcient for their own needs 'and the surplus in the more favored, counties is expected to pg sumclent to meet the demands of the ensilage growers of the province. Several of the varieties imported from the Southern States in last sprlng’s shortxvge- of seed, proved' successful' in a seed~producinl sense as much as 10 per cent. of the yield in many cases being considered lit for seed purposes if properly wlutered. Where seed of home-grown corn was plant- ed lust spring, the -yield in most cases was heavy and the quality first-rate, so ensilago growers will have a chance to return next year to the use of varieties that they were in the habit of growing previous to the sea- son of 1918. .

To Reduce Distribution Costs. Municipal. authorities in Vancouver

are trying to bring about an- amalga- mation of the milk distributors, as a counter to conditions which are boosting the price of rnllk. In an investigation made a year ago the city authorities found that an eati- mated»`_$‘l5.000 to $00,000 a year wbd lost in milk distribution owing to duplication in equipment and labor. The producers were the first to point out the great economic lose in the milk distributing system of Vancouver, and would welcome for- mation of one distributing concern. ,lu fact, they have even considered attempting the work themselves. There does noi, however, ‘appear to be especially good prospects of suc- cess ln the present agitation; The three largest concerns, it developed at the conference, would join a mer- ger, but many of the smaller dealers, who, in frequent cases, work on their own outfits, are chary of the deal. They do Sot care to put their capital in a concern in which they would have little control, but some would be glad to sell out. -

To Expropriate Idle Land.

In British columbia n Provincial

Lend Settlement Board has been ap- 1

pointed, which has authority to take drastic measures for the making available for settlement land held ln ldleness by specuiators. Such lands can be expropriated if the owners do not see lit to sell at such prices and upon such terms as the board deems just and fair. After expropri- ation the board can survey and sell the land to actual settlers in small tracts and upon long time at a small rate of interest, thus making lt. pos- sible for men of small means to go on the land and make homes fm' themsolves and families. As a. start it is probable that some twenty-iiv_e hundred acres of the best bottom and bench lands lying along the right bank of thelillk river. in the Fernie

district, will be aurvged and made ready for sale and set ement by next spring, 'and fui-ther application of this policy will be followed by the boardrwhose avowed policy lstot over up to actual settlement and cultiva- tion all available lands.

Story of One Sugar Bush.

Several years ago a cyclone swept

over the Gilbert farm in' Elgin county and 1. clean swath was out through the woodlot. Indians were employeilftu cut the fallen timber in- to cordwood. "In less than two yesrl afterwards." Mr. Abraham Gilbert told A1. S. Paregul of the Stl Thomas Times-Journal. “the place was grown. up so thick and tight with under- brush--you’d get lost if you went into

tt." _ V V Then the indiana were again called' into serrice end-all the yotixg growth cut out except young m e trees, that."were left' ten or lfteen feet apart. The young trees than saved ibrrlfa .vulusbee sugar, bush meg. 'Nine ,hundred have been tapped - ready.. sind in ten yesrs_ more two thousand-' will be ready for the bucketsif nothing comeselong to prevent.

Both -berle it ryeh rvigia. i tho UNMC this yea: are nes: ;°11°'1'¥1d‘:tfd" mr hi:"° tcm” . ,_ _ corn; crop cons er- ably bold* that of last year. but is .cutie so or mass better qtnutb. The total w yield is estimated

.nt o1s.»sd.'odd°fi»¢usn. vnton is in

per cent. above the org p~of_la_at year. teresa-H ' ' ~oo'ei‘ni¢»¢a` `.

The oi-edit for starting the export

of Perolierons from this continent to

FACTS ABOUT BAILEY.

information-for Those Who Wish it Grow 'Bus Grain.

The time of harvesting barley de-

pends on the use of the crop, tht variety, the climate andthe method. used.

For seed. brewing. or feed.. the

crop should be, mature. fl‘li_e.|nat,u_~,--_ ity should not be judged by the earl~ lest spikes. Ii* possible, the latest spikes should be mature, as this will insure that. no pant of the crop will be shrunken from having been har- vested' too soon. If the stand is this or uneven. this may, not be possible. as the earlier spikes of many varie- ties would begin to shatter. By ma- turity is meant the point where ma~ terlal ceases to be added to the kernel and not that the grain has become dry. There are several popu- lar tests which indicate this period. The kernel ut this time can be dented with the thumb-nail and retains the dent for some. time. The milky juice largeiy disappears from tho furrow. The hull begins to wrinkle on the ripest grain, showing the shrinkage of tho kernel beneath. After this point is reached. ripening is merely the loss of moisture and can take place in the shock as well as if left uncut.

, Nurse crops of harley are often cut

somewhat earlier than grain crops, but this is for the purpose of favor- ing the development of the grass

A

V- ...-_ r

li' l

larloy- lsady for Harvester.

se ed with the barle and does not

ed ~ v

entorlargely into the' general prob- lem ofbarley harvest.

Asa hay crop barley is harvested

still earlier. lt is not, however, out while in bloom, as is customary with many of the grasses. The grain is allowed to develop almost to its maxi- mum. The grain content of barley hay constitutes a considerable part of its feed value. Barley la highly prized as a hay crop ln some parts of the west, despite the coarse awns which frequently cause sore mouths in horses and cattle. Sometimes the hooded varieties are grown for hay, in order' to eliminate this objection- able factor. Much of the hay, how- ever, is incidental; that ls, the barley ls sown for grain. If the season is favorable. it is harvested for grain; if unfavorable, lt is harvested for hay.

The time to harvest sometimes de-

pends on the variety. Some varieties shatterbadly when ripe, while others do not: Hooded and awnless sorts shatter most easily.

The climatic conditions at the time

of harvesting ha-ve some Influence on the sfsgw“st~ which barley is out. ln o section subject to storms the har- vest must be accomplished within it very few days. li the straw in too greet lt will not dry 'nut properly in tt. humid climate and thorn may ho mold damage. if harvest is delay- od foo long much grain might be lost through the occurrence of a storm, as all barleys in humid cli- mates shatter rather casily.

There are but three common meth-

ods of harvesting barley, by the use ol the binder, the header and the combined harvester. The grain bln- tier is the implement of the intensive farmer and is by all means thc best. where it can be used. The grain can be cut with less loss. lt. can be cut. ut the optimum time and in the humid regions can be stored with less llamago than by tho other methods. When cut with the header or the combined harvester, the grain is al- lowed to rlpen more completely than when cut with tho.graln binder.

A' Home-made Roof.

A good' serviceable roof can be

|nad`e_,`foi‘~ chicken houses. hog pens und barns, from burlap, coal tai' and uand. rmmrlence has shown that nucb a , if retreated with coal tar and eandevery two or three years, will last aliietimc.

'I'he_ lidlrgs on wihlclt ‘thc roofing

is to' be ill -llboulil be sdjlooth and close. Nail two thicknedses or hur- lap to the boards. When -the btirlap is in piece. apply a coatingor thin dour paste. After tliepaete has

uriedévmrold on -a coat' of coal tar and kle with sand. Grind the sand into the libre of the burlap with a heavy air of shoes. When thor- oughly dig, apply a second coating of var and;_yQa.nd.`

Hoge llr-oqtects After the Wat-.‘ 'i`h'e Breeders' Gazette says that,

although one of the largest crops of hogs' layer; gstberod in the United States nal been marketed this yea'-'. the cellars oi,Amm-lean packers are practically empty. lt is believed, too, that hog prices will hold for at least some time after the war. in provision into circles opinion exists that poles will melts-tally broaden export demand for all kinds of hog roducta, Such neutral countries as

a d I f ea .it-chases: fling and and France must

~i*':.'v~ou::~».»":r.t'-f*....i.::: 1:2.:

1 ’2'i‘f»*;}ll&h‘l'dli%§’t3?'ai"n '-of

Gldiklilifl- “ . ._ ., TK

in `fia.1‘and tits empty mem or the

centre; empires at least partly_ re- plsuls sth' _I

KEEPING W'El’I‘ PO!'A'!0ll!'.

Vllllb of Crop Increased by Pi~q;;`-r Storage.

Sweet potatoes stored in up-to-date

storage houses bring a higher price

gi' the market than those stored in

like and pits. By the. adoption. of

the better methods of storing and marketing sweet potatoes, their value -could be greatirincreased' without increasing the acreage of production. This imeopeeially true in the south, where they are either rushed on the market at digging time, when the price is low, or stored in outdoor pits 'or' banks, where a. large portion of them decay. Very few of the pota- toes stored in pits or banks ,ever reach the market, for from 25 to 60 per cent. spoil, while those that`re~ -main sound are not of good quality.

Even if the pit or bank method of

storage were satisfactory in other re- spects, lt is not economical. 'Foo much labor and expense are required

' to make these banks every year and

to get the potatoes out of them when wanted for market. Sweet potatoes' can he ,marketed more economically and to much better advantage from storage houses. It is not advisable to open a bank when the soil is wet or the weather cold, as these conditions injure the potatoes and cause' them to decay. Outdootypits and banks cannot be depended on. In some years a very small number spoil in banks, while' in other years practical- ly the whole crop is lost. The only safe and practicable method of stor- jing sweet potatoes is in a storage house, for theirtbey can be taken out at any time without subjecting them to unfavorable conditions.

1 Prepare for 1919. ~

Now is the time for tho farmer in

_plan his croppings for 1919 and in doin/g so to decide upon what forti- lizers, if any, he purposes to uso. Last spring there was considerable ills- appolntment among farmers, especi- ally among those wbo had- delayed placing their orders till afew weeks 'before the season opened, as there was not only a. shortage of material but transportation facilities were such that quick deliveries could not be made. Thcreis no prospect that conditions will be better next spring and it therefore behooves the farmer to carefully consider his needs. scan the prices and having made his selec- tion to place his orders stipulating an early delivery. Co-operation in ordering may effect. tlie_saving of a considerable amount in purchasing and freight rates.

During the last ten years there

has been considerable increase in the number of farmers in British Columbia, Quebec. Ontario and the Maritime Provinces, using fertilizers, but unfortunately but a small per- centage ot’ them have any definite knowledge oL_.\h8» proiit. that may have resulted from their application. There will always be a. degree of un- certainty as regards results from fertilizers, cbledy owing to the fact that seasonal conditions cannot be predicted, but with close observation from carefully planned work, a very great knowledge may' be galncd as , to the kind and amount of fertilizer. which will prove profitable. A series of adjacent plots on fairly uniform soil, each with a different amount or combination of fertilizer and sown to the same crop, furnishes the most reliable means of learning the ‘most profitable application, but if time and labor do not permit of the adoption of this plan, a strip of the nel'd well staked; should be left unfertilized, and its yield weighed against that_of a similar sized strip on the fertilized area. From the results so obtained the profit or loss from the application of the fertilizer, may be readily obtained.

A considerable saving may be us-

ually enected by buying fertilizer in- gredients--nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia. superphosphates, basic slag, etc., than by purchasing ready mixed fertilizers. and this course also fu'rnishos. valuable information for future guidance obtainable in no other way.

information and advice regarding

thc use of fertilizers will be gladly given as far as may be practicable. by the Division of Chemistry, Cen- tral Exncrimental Farm. Ottawa.

' Protecting Fruit. Trees.

Orchard owners are warned by the

department. of horticulture at the Ohio Experiment. Station to provide protection for young fruit trees from rodents before the first snowfall, as field mlcc and rabbits may begin to do their damage near the opening of winter. Even in orchards whore there is an abundance of vegetation it has been found that rabbits will leave the green forage to gnaw-tho bark off the fruit trees.

Hortlculturlsts have found that

held mice do not attack trees when the grass is completely boed from i.l\c trunk on an 18-inch radius. Mice avoid tunneling in ground-that is not covered with grass, and make no pas- ,eageways through exposed patches.

Anotlier effective means of protoc-

tlon is tying building paper about. thc trunk sufficient to cover for 13 inches abov=e.tlt`e roots. ,

_ '- Fall Planting of Shrubs. Ornamental plantings 'on the lawn

` or in tho garden may be done more successfully in the fall than in the spring. 'Host deciduous trees and shrubs may be transplanted in the fall with the advantage -of gaining al- most a year’s time in favor of fall planting. The lilac begins to grow very‘esrly in the spring. but if moved in the fall the bush stands a much better chance of living and making s. satisfactory amount of new growth ao compared with spring transplant- ing. The bush honeysuckles, as well as splreas, are much less likely to ‘sustain a severe shock if shifted in the fall.

Cattle for B- C.

W. T. McDonald, Llvo Stock Colli-

mlsaloner for the Province of British Columbia, _vietted._Edmonton recently

' illtold of’

alll. hs” I0 - tie. Pwnc arg? be run_rn' we BIIIIW HU.. #ho uigiiizy' fair tggr u ue, n adnnc e ' eteamz-'flovern‘iiient. 'rho genie ,nr- cbaeod were nearly all stocker steers and beifers. _ ,

'r/tim enovums NEEDED. I

Uay of lntcnslve Farming Hue

Flflflillid THE FIGS

an-ivea. lPmN ""““`

The day. for more intensive asrl- Fosmgmgaignhwf

culture in Canada is _ here. Tile' events of recent, years have exceeded those of the past two centuries in injecting Canada into world politics and world business. The fact that, our armies are lighting on the battlofront of Europe for liberty| and human rights has made us part* and parcel of the commerce of thc world. For- three reasons, then, wc mill!! prepare by intensive agricul- ture to take advantage of these en- larged opportunities.

First, the commerce of this coun-

try has increased enormously within the period of the war. There ls a constantly enlarging call for Cana- dian products both on this continent und lu Europe. Second, labor to produce our crops has become alarm- lrigly scarce. Such conditions force us to devise ways and means to maintain greatest production with it minimum of labor. The third reason is found in the economic problem which the dcmobillzlng of a great army is bound to precipitate. In order to take our part ou the deifl of honor it has been necessary in drain the mau-power of Canada. At the close of the Wai' there will bt-. thc problem of assiuiilating a con- siderable number of Canadians who have laid aside the cruel business oi' war and are glad again to take up the arts of peacc. Productive farm- ing, therefore, becomes the natural outlet for such a fund of energy.

The whole matter resolves itself

into a business proposition. Canada is essentially an agricultural coun- try. Then what more natural line ran we follow at the close of the wal' than in producing the greatest quan- tity of crops and livc stock of high- est,-quallty? This will necessitate thc development of th_c foreign ma-rket. It is not a case of seeking the for- eign market, we are already' in it. With broad-minded statesmanship at home and keen. alert business men on the outposts. Canada. should limi little difficulty in marketing mater ials of the quality she is capable of raising. -

Considering thc trend of thc

times, soil fertility and proper ferti- lization becomes a problem of na- tional importance. It should- receive closest attention from Canadian farmers so that they may benefit by present high prices for ‘farm pro- ducts, and may beet prepare for the period of readjustment at the close of the war. Marketing. and produc- tion must join hands as never before, but let us be careful, first of all, in produce a maximum of high quality products before wc seek preference in the new markets of the w,0rl<i.-- Henry G. Bell.

' Had Many Potatoes. '

In view oi' the importance attached

to the Green Mountain type of potato as a result of that particular variety having been recommended to growers in Ontario as thc best suited for thc mulri crop in most districts. the foi- lowing information provided by Jue- tus Miller, B.S.A.. Assistant Commis- sioner of Agricultiirc, in thc Agricul~ tural Gazette for October, will no doubt prove a source of satisfaction to many growers of varieties other- wise named that known to be similar lo the Green Mountain. hir. Miller reports as follows:

At a conference of the Potato

Council of Ontario, held in Toronto on Sept. 6, the following varieties or potatoes were decided to be identical and are classed as Green Mountain:

Carman No. l, Clyde; Gold Coin

(Vermont). Delaware; Dreer Stand- ard (not Dreer Early Stnndard>

Green Mountain; Green Mountainl'

Jr., Norcross; Snow, State of Maine; ` Uncle Sam, Wee MacGregor.

The experts present agreed that no

one can distinguish between them as to plant, blossom or tuber.

Why No More Cheap Food.

Cheap food has been obtained in

ihc.past by the exploitation of new lands, by robbing thepsoil, and by paying low wages. A continuance of such methods would result eventu- ally in the depopulation of thc coun- try distrlcts and the abandonment of farming. Our city cousins do not seem to rcalizc with Plunkctt that, "Modern civilization is one-sided to a dangerous degree; it has concen- trated itself in the towns and cities and left the country derelict, and if the downward tendency cannot bc checked lt will ultimately bring about the decay of the towns them- selves and of our whole civilisation." or with Bailey. that "the cities ha-vc grown at thc expense of the country. and the cities’ gains have cost tho' country dear in abandoned farms.4 weakened schools and churches, and discouraged communities drained of their vitality."-`-Farm and Dairy.

Two sales of Breeding Stock. At a dispersal sale of-. the dai\'.\

herd on the farm of Mr. J. J. S. Smltb, Clarke township, two of the ilolstcin cows sold for $250 and $240, respectively. A nomroglstered.

Holstein with twin calves fetchod`

$245. and grades at $65 and $105.

At a sale of Shorthome belonging

to Mr. James lfallis, of Peel countyf a cow and calf sold for 81,435. and

other females for $800'

a couple Of each. The total proceeds of the sais were $20,000. - »

Assisting Cow In Giving Birth. Mr. C. C. Nixon, writing in the

l"aruiers‘ Advocate, tells of a case in wltlch a. cow, Wlilrill had DGBII 8tT’lVll|'§ in vain to 'deliver a calf, was imme- diately relieved on being turned-on her back. Mr. G. A. Brethen. of Nor- wood. tells Farm and Dairy that he had a similar experience- He was having trouble with a Holstein cow. thc eat: of which was being held by the hips. As soon as the cow wie on lim' back the ml! was dcllvencd.

ltssociatie Course ln Agricnltpljo-

An associate coarse in stgiculture

for Saskatchewan fb.'t‘fn` , wat. opened at the Pi-civittclsl Un nits ut Saskatoon on Get. Seth. Tho. course will last tive months, closing on the lest 'thursday in starch to order to give the boys a chance to get home and help with the seeding.

When Pork ls Being Prepared for

Market, tho Most Rapid ag Wgll as the Most Expensive Gains Are Made During the Flnlsllllig Period --Pastures Are Found Very Valuable, _ _,

After weaning. the stock selected

for fattening is fed in two periods~_- first, the growing period, from wean. ing until approximately six weeks to two months of the marketing date; and, second, the finishing period, from that time up to marketing. Dui-_ ing the first or growing period tho ration is much the same as that given to the breeding stock-~tltat is, all ul‘_ the nutritious pasture they nf-ed but with a heavier grain ration of slight- ly wider nutritive ratio. 'i`hc object is ‘O KFOW a pig with plenty of size

Hog Feeding.-

and scale and one that will fatteli quickly and economically. Some feed- urs use the self~feeder at' this period and obtain excellent results, giving the pigs free access to such feeds as corn, xuiii feeds, and tankagc while on pasture. The practice tends to shorten the feeding period and pro- duces pork with slightly less grain per unit of gain. Under these con- ditions pigs do not neglect their for- age but really make more economical use of it than when the grain is limit- ed. In feeding a limited grain ra- tion on pasture more success has been attained by giving an amount, cquai to three pei' cent of the body weight than when fed in lesser amoiints. ` ,

The most rapid but also the most

expensive gains in the pig's life comc- during the finishing period. During these last few w°eeks before slaughter the animal is given all the feed lic will consume with relish. Much more corn and less protein concentrates are fcd during this period, a repre- sentative. ration being composed of |.on pounds oi' corn to one pound of tankagc. The change in rations must be gradual and the increase in feed not too rapid; otherwise the animal is apt to “go oft' Iced," or losc his appetite. l"astures are very -valuable at this time. especially those com- posed of feeds high in protein, for they furnish a cheap source of nitro- gen and keep the pig toned up and his appetite keen. A hog will con- sume a 3% .lo 4 per cent. grain rs- tion at this time, depending, of course, on thc character of the feeds and the weight of the hog. a larger hog eating less in proportion to his weight than a smaller one. The self- feeder was primarily devised to finish t.he hog at this time and serves its purpose in excellent fashion. Slightly more rapid and economical gains are made by its use than can be oyalnetl hy the best hand feeding.

Tight Stable Floors.

By increasing the value of the

manure produced, cement. floors in iivo stock feeding will return their cost in about it year. Tight stable floors save soluablu plant. food from :seeping away as It does with earth floors. `

Manure was increased in value by

$4.48 annually for every thousand pounds live weight of steers led on cement floors over that recovered from animals standlngi on earth floors. lu thc experiments 58 steers were fed. The cost of concreting was about $4;’.'»0 it street.. Two six-month feeding periods would therefore psy for the expense of tho concrete doors.

Much of the fertility value of ma-

uurc is in tho liquid part. which is easily carried away through earth doors. Concrete prevents this seep- age, making each ton of manure worth more and at thc same i.ime in- creasing its quantity. _

Tractor on Bough Ground. _

~ Mr. Ernest Gilbert. of Payncs Mills. tells the St._ Thomas -Times- .lourual that on his farm of two hun- dred and sixty-ilvn acres (one hun- dred and seventy-five under .r.uifi~vs,- tion), the tractor wlll,s.n‘c between five and six horses.

"The tractor is good on a plough,"

ho says. "will ploilszll faster than a team. This sumiucr I put my tractor on a piece of new ground all

NENT NAVY BLUE SRTIN GOWN

$-_

The stylishly dressed women delight

ln having this navy blue satin gown _ with a loose panel weighed with fringe.

COAT THAT ASSUHES SERVICE

Every woman with a non or clothes

that instantly reeegnigeg' g Mgugtfut achievement in any qarnionf, w`|l|‘g¢|. _mire the coat pictured here. It Il of broadeloth with large, convertible eel- " lar of Hudson seal, and than grggwg fur balls on the book. The alaevgg are novel and graceful with wide ouffg and there is a girdle across the-front fastened with large ornamental sut- tcna. Other fur than sell might bl used for the collar and balls.

TAT(`l~1 \"li0VlN(`E FROM SEA.

Hollami's New Scltome to Secure More Territory.

Tho aimoiincenic-nt that the net!9f'»

nary authority has been given by the Dutch Parliament. for the draining of the Zulder Zcc probs hly brings ambi- tions which onginfrms have enter-' lztlncd for a very long period a. stage nearer realisation it was in the closing years of the first hell' of the uinetccntli century that Van Digge- icn put forwnrri proposals for drain- ago and reclamation. which. in their malnwispccis, arc not very different from ihosv whlcli are l‘9tei-ving`attcn- tion ti.\-day. Thi: area with which it is proposed to rieal is one of nearly 1,500 square miles, oi which more than -800 would be reclaimed and the remainder converted into a frcsli l water lake, thus providing n remedy lu the present dearth in Holland of water supplics in summer. From lite point of view of the engineer, the |'r~rlamatiou on which ii is proposed to expend £l5,7i'>0,000-, ls;-A larl°

sonic prnio.t:ti of somewhat simple arm. , . . ~

’l`ht~T construction of a main em-

bankment more than eighteen mites `long.`.ri'litclt'ig is cstlmatedwould oc- cupy’ nine years in construction. would shut out "tho son, phd. enable four areas. extending mor? ,than soo.oco mor. to be get nude for rcrlamalion. These would prqbdbiy be avaliable for occ\ipat,i0n.'Wl`l\\|,\1

covered with crade knolls. You could-M1 fwmlyo yen,-,_ by "hugh mn; the

n’t have driven over it with a team and wagon without throwing the box off, lt was an exceptionally rough piece. But I never had :~. new-piece of ground broken so well. From four to five acres would bo a fair day’s work, counting a tcn-hour day ami good heavy land." .

Move Farmers From Strloken Area.

A relief train to take financially

stricken farmers from southern por- tions of Saskatchewan to the north- ern woods, is s proposition now being placou beforo.tho provincial authori- ties. Work focthoee willing to leave for other`parts,,i_t is thought, can be obtained for litem during the winter is tile' woods north of Prince Alhet. During past season help has been herd to obtain for the lumber camps, and by such a move as now proposed it is hoped to kill two bird_s with one lions.

fu-<||nary rt~.rIamat.ion schemes in Holland. which have provided about 25,000 acres annually for I. ieoiididpr- ,able period, will from nature causes have been discoutlntled. When, the

-/hols work has bedlbfoompleted 30 years hence, not onlypwll t new province have been added-l.0.l{i)lll..\‘ll and "hc risk of lloorl, damage from the Zclder Zee eliminated, liutlit will I lm possible to supply the hrackish ; <~unn'. with fresh wafer from the-new lllkc. ’ . an unpci-isnt railway 'coiinecticti

l across the new embankntent-lfbtwtilii ~ rrtosinnd and North Hand; is also included in the prow/leio it ill-' gg the debit side o tbe,acee_uilt‘;'reea 'muht be had of the -deltftibtfon of the Zuider Zee flsherles,_bo\ in tom* parison with the advantages to Ie derived from the reclatifta lin WU* are or subsidiary importance. . 1

.VIP

3 ,I' vi

`i‘3`I _ , ,,=, tt;

ww. no . -1 Z`:~_-.. -_

%

ii.

ho.

i