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a The cordial reception given by - Premier Smallwood to the Minister _- of-National Resources, Mr. Hamilton, on his visit. to Newfoundland last > week has created much attention. Mr. Hamilton was in St. John’s to _ gign the roads-to-resources agree- ment, which of course fits in with _ Mr. Smallwood’s provincial develop-
asir=
ed him a friendly welcome. But the | Newfoundland Premier wined and _ dined the visiting federal minister _ with every sign of cordiality and - goodwill. “We regard you as one of '~ the best friends we have in Ottawa,” | Mr. Smallwood assured his guest. “We | have a number, and you are one of |, the topnotch.”
3 Mr: Hamilton, we are told, was
somewhat dazed by this reception; |
but he needn’t have been. Nor does _. it warrant the surprise expressed by _ the able columnist of the Montreal | Gazette, Mr. Arthur Blakely, who ~ _ describes the episode as “astonishing” in view of Mr. Smallwood’s. loudly _ voiced hostility to the Diefenbaker ~~ Government. “It is clear,” says the | Gazette writér, “that Mr. Hamilton _ would be a noteworthy acquisition for Canada’s diplomatic crops . . . A Conservative Cabinet Minister able to secure a royal reception at the hands of Premier Smallwood of Newfoundland must surely be an ex- ception to any general rule.”
_ Granted the fact that Mr. Hamilton
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mers who would be must affected by the new policy are primarily mem- bers of non-Slavic Soviet minorities, including Uzebeks and Georgians, while those who would: benefit are primarily Russians and Byelorus-
F
Commonwealth Changes
When the Commonwealth Prime Ministers meet in London early in May, 1960, it is expected that there will be six white representatives and ‘five Asian and Negro representatives. The former will be the Prime Minis-
New Zealand, South Africa, and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa- land. The latter will be those of India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Ghana, and Malaya.
This emphasizes the’ striking change which is taking place in the pattern of the old British Empire. And this change is going on at an accelerated pace. A group of other non-white countries—notably Nigeria and the West Indian Federation— are knocking at the door leading to full dominion status. Their Prime Ministers are considered most likely to be at'a 1961 conference making a majority of non-European Prime
Ministers. The proportions would be
’ still further changed if South Africa were to quit the Conmmonwealth as has been suggested. As other African ‘and other non-European’ countries such as Tanganyika, Uganda and pos- sibly Cyprus assume dominion status within the Commonwealth, the maj- ority of non-white representatives will be further increased.
There is nothing surprising in this trend. The Commonwealth—has- 85,-—
| + is a most likeable gentleman,_and that it is to his credit that he receiv- ed such a clean bill of health from the arch-critic of Tory policies at Ottawa, the plain fact is that the redoubtable _ Joey had been softened up in advance __ by our own Island federal ¢abinet member, Fisheries Minister MacLean. He was the first to break the ice and receive an accolade from Mr. Small- wood, who proclaimed him to be one _ .of Newfoundland’s best friends and ' personally acceptable at all times. : We commented on Mr. MacLean’s achievement at the time, and sug- *gested that he would make an ex- cellent trouble-shooter for the Die- fenbaker Government. We don’t want to see this credit taken from him, _ @ven on behalf of the amiable Re- _ gources Minister, who would no doubt be the first to admit that his P.E. Island colleague \was the pioneer peacemaker in this case.
Soviet Farm Proposal
A share-the-wealth plan to im- prove the conditions of the poorest Soviet peasants at the expense of the wealthiest has been proposed in
' @ major Soviet magazine. The pro- _ posal is significant in view of the fact that the Communist party’s Central Committee is scheduled to meet shortly to consider ways of im- proving Soviet agriculture. The gov- ernment’s decision to sell farm mach- inery to collective farms and to a- bojish the machine tractor stations was foreshadowed two years ago by an article in a similar literary mag- azine.
Under the new _ proposal, the Soviet Government would guarantee. collective farmers on the poorest col- lective farms payment for their lab- or at the rates prevailing on average farms. The government would make | the money available by reducing the | high income of the best paid collective farmers on the richest farms.
There is now a great difference in these collective farm earnings. In Central Asia and the Transcaucasus, where cotton, tea, and other high- _ priced groducts are raised, farmers | may receive 30 rubles‘or more for a - working day. In the Western regions of the Soviet Union, particularly in Byelorussia and Lithuania, farmers may get only a few rubles for a
_ day’s work. The result is that on both the richest farms and the much more numerous poor collective far- os nm to work in
st farms they can y they want with
Asians and others of non-European origin. Eventually, as Prime Min- ister Macmillan believes, the Com- monwealth will turn full circle from »being the foremost colonial power of modern times to setting an ex- ample how to make a multiracial part- nership work. That is its new mis- sion. In such a grouping, of course, there is no place for racial discrimin- ation. And to statesmen of vision it is the most inspiring development of modern times. Britain is the work- shop where this great dream is be- ing forged into reality ; for it is there that Negro and Asian people are coming in ever-increasing numbers to work or to learn how to take over the reins of power in their own countries.
EDITORIAL NOTES
A Manchester Guardian report shows just how far Communist ability to stir up trouble in India has fallen since Chinese aggressions along the India-China ‘borders. For the first time since independence, “the British owned tram company in Calcutta has been able to raise its fare without a riot.”
{ According to the World Health
Organization, 247,000 cases of small- pox were reported in various parts of the world in 1958, 88 per cent of them in India and Pakistan. The disease was imported into 11 coun- tries through international travel during the 12-month period ending June 1959. It occurred on board 11 ships and two aircraft engaged in in- ternational traffic. The Organizat- ion’s committee on international quarantine, which met in Genvea recently, stressed that more publicity should be \given to health regulations relating to travel. aS
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If claims by the manufacturers, a firm in Hamburg, for a new type of fishing gear, prove to be true, chances of survival for the fish have become very small indeed. The device will suck fish into a trawler at the rate of 12 tons in 8 minutes. This is said to be equal to a full day’s catch of an average trawler during the peak of the season. After the fish are located by radar, they are concentrated by means of a lamp and lured towards the suction tube by an electronic wave-transmitting device. Once suck- ed into the ship, the fish are pumped unwards at a greater speed than any net hoist could manage, ~~ ~~
s
is the fact that the richest far- ©
| ters of Britain, Canada, Australia, —
’ our cost of living by up to 25
ces?
AND HE'S “OTTAWA REPORT
ONLY GETTING
Canada’s Future Threatened
By Patrick Nicholson
The world today is dramatical- ly in motion,.as never before in history. We are passing through a “Cold Revolution” in the social, political, economic, scientific and technical fields, affecting variops- ly sag | continent. ~-
Asian and African nations seek political independence and | industrial _ equality. That back-! ward giant Russia has in 40 years graduated from peasantry to a spectacular pre - eminence in scientific fields. A social upheav- al has swept away the last trac- es of feudalism in Europe. New materials and new sources of
ing simpler and cheaper.
The replacement of the human hand in factory and kitchen has brought the pleasures of leisure to the lowest economic bracket. U.S.A. has emerged from isola- tionism_to assume global respon- sibilities; “may she also learn the traditional obligations of a creditor nation. #
Ir IS YOUR BUSINESS
The man with the lunch pail, driving his hypothecated car down Main Street, Canada, may not regard any of these develop- ments as important to his daily life. But he would be wronc: they encompass sensational new trends, which could either throw more than one million ‘ Cana- dians out of work, or reduce
per cent while creating more
well + paid jobs in Canada.
We are the greatest foreign traders in the world. In 1957 we ranked statistically as the na- tion with the fourth largest total foreign trade. But in proportion to our population, we easily out- stripped the exports of the three larger trading nations, excelling the per capita foreign sales of the United States three times, of West Germany twice, anti of Bri- tain one and one - half times.
Our exports of raw materials and of semi - processed or manu- factured goods represent the jobs
force. To maintain our prosperity at its present level, it is essen- tial that we continue to make these sales to other nations.: .
But our exports are threatened by various of the political and economic developments now «hei: ing up this World in Motion. Three new factors, only one of which is under our own control, might ser- iously diminish, or even destroy, our export trade.
The most serious threat is the discrimination which will arise in- directly from the trend towards larger free trade areds in several parts of the world, formed by the voluntary association of sev- eral nations.
RUSSIA’S NEW WEAPON Equally cangerous could be
competition in the market places
of the world by Russia, whose
STARTED!
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economy as a northern country largely parallels our own.
The conclusion of a recent re- port by the Canadian - American Committee, on “‘The Growth of Soviet Economic Power and its consequences for Canada,”’ is this: “If Russia were to deploy her wheat and grains, lumber, pulp and base metals in a serious attempt to become a_ leading world trader, Canada would be the first to suffer, and probably would suffer more than any oth- er country.”
The third danger is the only one which we alone have full power to curb. This is that wage
demands by Canadian workers may, unless compensated by in- creased output, touch off another round of inflation. Our Finance Minister, Hon. Donald Fleming,
joys no immunity from the dan- gers of inflation. Indeed, we have
a special interest in avoiding
those perils. If We do not main-
tain the stability of our currency while all the other principal count- ries are doing so with theirs, .we will most certainly be priced out of world markets, with results that will be a catastrophe for Canada.”
These fmminent threats indi- cate our urgent need for assured tariff - free access to a market larger than that provided by 17 million Canadians. .
The most significant problem facing our, Government today, a problem bearing on the future prosperity of every one of us, is to decide which of several pos- sible steps to this end would be most beneficial to the greatest number of Canadians.
Benson Agai
n Under Fire
- By Harold Morrison Canadian Press Staff Writer
U.S. Agriculture Secretary Ezra Benson is coming under fire from within the ranks of his own party because he refuses to comprom- ise -his beliefs with the strategy of professional politicians.
The problem is this: Republi- cans in the midwestern belt have revolted against the secre- tary’s persistent attempts to re- duce costly government farm sup- ports and, as Benson puts it, free the farmer from government handouts.
The Republicans, recalling the debacle at the polls in the 1958 off-year elections when the Dem- ocrats swamped Congress, fear Benson has so antagonized. farm- ers that Republicans may again suffer defeat in the 1960 elections.
RESIGNATION SOUGHT
Many in the party have called on Benson to quit, but Benson, recuperating from a gall bladder operation, refuses to yield. The question, he says, is not whether his program makes good politics but whether it is “right” and if it is right, “It will prove to be good politics.”
His argument mag not resolve the issue of whether he is good for the Republican party. But it is unlikely that Benson can be forced to step down if he won't
PUBLIC FORUM
do so voluntarily, without causing the Republicans acute embarrass- ment. :
Benson, 60, is one of the few remaining cabinet members first appointed by Dwight Eisenhower when he became president back in 1952. Controversy has dogged Benson's footsteps during the years, but generally he received the president's support. It is not likely Eisenhower would reject him at this late date.
PERSONAL MISSION
In effect Benson regards his cabinet career as a mission, to reduce the use of public funds for farms, to chop high federal price
supports, to make farmers cap- able of standing on their own feet.
He frequently bemoans the fact that the government spends about $9,000,000,000 a year for farmers and in addition has another $9,000,000,000 tied up in purchases of surplus food.
But his free-the-farmer cam- paign hasn’t caught on. Instead it has heaped abuse on his head. James Patton of Denver, presi- dent of the National Farmers Union, says Benson is a “‘church- man more interested in expand- ing his philosophy” than in de- fending agriculture.
Republicans say that if Benson won't step down, they will at- tempt to launch a new attempt to “sell” him to farmers. Demo- erats chuckle. There is no doubt they will aim for Bengon’s scalp in the 1960 election campaign.
Afghanistan Goes Modern
: National Geographic Society
A sudden change in women's dress may herald a new way of life in Afghanistan —one of the
.most remote countries to be vis-
ited by President Eisenhower on his present tour.
For centuries women in that rugged, landlocked kingdom of south-west Asia have had to de- velop themselves in the shape- less burka, or chaderi, when- ever they ventured out in public.
Hardy rebels occasionally flou- ted the convention, but with lit- tle effect. Some 30 years ago a king who promoted reforms in this and other customs lost his throne in the process,
So it was news when wives of high-ranking government officials in Kabul appeared unveiled and
*| ed, have abandoned the tradition- ‘| al garment while going about the
capital’s streets on everyday er- rands,
ALL-CONCEALING GARMENT The Afghan chaderi (sometimes ed to conceal a woman's et vanes from the top of her it down pleats that cover
to her feet, accordion whatever is worn beneath—house pantaloons, or smart Paris
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suit. She sees through a piece of latticed material sewn in at eye level. The robes. are usuaily made in serviceable blue, green, or , with a bit of embroidery added as a sop to feminine van- ity. But the general impression, at least to Western observers, is that of a Halloween ghost or a shrouded statue before unveiling exercises,
For practical outdoor wear, the chaderi has even less to recom- mend.it. The entangling folds hamper walking, and make bund- le carrying\ downright hazardous, a in it is virtually impos- sible.
Yet uncomfortable though it is, the Afghan coverall has long had ardent defenders, particularly a- mong the older generation.
As a symbol of purdah—the Moslem of secluding wo- men in the home—it represents a conservative past to which many cling. Ridicule and insults often have plagued the few wo- men, usually foreign wives of Afghans, who braved public opin- ion by appearing without it.
In connection with the current movement to shed the veil, Ka- bul authorities have promised police protection in case of need. But the innovation seems to have brought surprisingly little disap- proval.
The more liberal attitude te
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ness. And the condition may be temporarily aggravated during di- gestive disturbances.
tor at any rate, if you see spots. Whilé we. are on the subject of eyes, perhaps you have won- dered why persons from. north- ern ¢olintries, such as Sweden and Norway, almost elw-vs have light eyes, generally pure blue, and those from southern Europe, Italy, Spain and others, usually have dark brown irises.
SIMPLE ANSWER
Well. the Better Vision Instit- tute says the answer to that one -is easy. t
Light-colored eyes ‘are more sensitive to glare; thus, in .the northern countries where the sunlight is weak, the inhabitants tend to have light eyes. Dark eyes offer some protection against intensely bright sunlight, such as that of Spain and Italy.
Nature, in a way, provides its own sun glasses.
QUESTION AND ANSWER
Mr. J. B.: What causes the ear to become plugged with wax?
Answer: Wax accumulates in the ear for several reasons. -
A-narrow ear canal or one with a sharp curve may hold the wax. Some people secrete’ wax or @ heavier wax which tends to ac- ; Cumulate
Be sure that an excessive amount of wax does not accumu- late in your ear, and if it does, it is necessary to consult your doctor, \
THE GREAT MIGRATION Across three thousand leagues of blowing air, fa From Argentinian pampas to the white
Of Baffinland, a mapless thor- oughfare,
The golden plover wings his sea- sonal flight.
And what great faith, amid the blustery vast.
Sustains him, guides him to his home at last?
Out of the far, uncharted, salty
deep, bays and estuaries,
and the twists
Of branching streams, with many a rush and leap.
The salmon, heedless of catar- acts, persists
Back to his native brooks—and what wise force
Leads him unfailingly on that devious course?
Watchig the ways of bird and fish, and how
Even in blindness they achieve their goal,
I think of those old doctrines that endow
The whole live cosmos with a clocked control.
And hope that. man as well may
aie a mark
ong migration through
time’s stormy dark.
—Stanton A. Coblentz in the New York Times ;
MAXIMS
To cultivate a garden fs to walk with God.
ward dress is only one of many changes in present-day Afghanis- tan. Like other parts of the a- wakening East, this land of ‘geo- graphic and social extremes is showing the impact of modern inventions and thinking in pro- grams for development, irriga- _tion, and health, ;
Some of the more advanced Afghan women are reaching en- thusiastically for opportunities gradually opening to them in fields of education, welfare, and handicrafts. They are studying nu- trition, hygiene, and mid-wifery. A few have become typists, radio announcers, and airplane hostes- ses,
Caréer-minded women have ac- tively pressed for the banishment rof the restricting chaderi. But many of their sisters in various walks of life have shown their eagerness to be rid of their shrouds. :
One obvious sign has been the alacrity with which Afghan wo- men have thrown off the robes on boarding a plane to leave the country, The Queen herself, ac- cording to an American visitor recently returned from Kabul,
once made just such a reveal- gcsiure,
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“Is ti¥s a healthy town?” in- quired ithe home-seeker of a lo- cal resi font: “‘Yes, certainly’ was the ans wer. “When I came here ‘I hadn’t the strength to utter word; 1 had scarcely a hair
hope!” with ent! tsiasm. ‘‘How long have you lived! here?” “I was born here,”.’ replied the native.—Galt Reporter
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The /.ge Old Story
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Unlike railways, which operate under Dorri nion Government jur- isdiction, <'‘anada’s trucking in- dustry is 1u:gulated in 10 differ- ent ways b s- 10 different Provinc- es. The British North America Act leaves np alternative. The framers of the BNA Act might have arranged things differently now, but when they wrote in 1867 they could. not possibly foresee the impaet ‘on society of the mo- tor vehicle.
This divided authority has created pro'$lems for inter - Pro- vincial trugkers in the past, but they ve been relatively minor becawse of the absence of a highway linking the whole
meetings Even
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(From the Guardian Files)
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Trucking Across Canada Globe and Mail, Toronto
Provincial motor vehicle ministrators have already and are planning tually, a uniform set gulations will be ready .for sentation to each Provincial Gov- ernment for its consideration.
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country. Tie problem will be- come much -more serious on com- pletion of tine Trans - Canada Highway, ngw expected by the end of next ‘year.
NATIONAL 8 YSTEM:
When this happens, a national truck'ng system linking all the mainland Prgvinces will for the first time be: possible. Yet in each of thege Provinces, there are now diffrent regulations set- ting differeig: limits on length, weight and wiirious other aspects of the vehickes. This, jungle of
port Associat join of Ontario, .
vm
McINNIS
FOR SHOES
McINNIS |
FOR OVERSHOES
McINNIS
oo p> oes ~—_ well FOR RUBBERS ‘ inhib ia velopment a na- A A Tak eared dan ceviche cINNIS it is good to learn that some- FOR SLIPPERS thing injg done to remove the obstacles.. Good progress has been made or attempts to achieve M Cc I N N l S coe — city —o mgs FOR VALUE
ze re iolis, p ures ai equipment. T his tive ef- ; : te on ee MCENNIS meeting of thse Automotive Trans- :
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