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‘l IIE OIEARLNTETSWII GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founded In 1887)

Prddeat. Lleut. Col. W. Chester B. McLurc Vice-President: _.I. B. Burnett, F.J.L - Secretary: Lleut. Col. D. A. MloKlruloll, 11.8.0. Editor and Managing Director: J. B. Burnett, FJJ. lunch‘ Editors: Frank Walker and Lleut. Ian A. Burnett, R.C.N.V.B. (On Active Service)

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

MONDAY, JUNE 23. 1m

U. S. Estimate

The United States War Department has made a tentative estimate of the military cas- ualties in the Battle of Europe. The total is placed-at 00,o00,000——the killed fighters number- ing about 14,000,000. In tlle First World War, the corresponding figure was 3,500,000. Tbs comparison indicates that the Second World \Var was nearly twice as “fatal" as the Great War of a quarter-ceiltury ago.

The Washington estimate includes no cas- ualties in the war against" Japan, and these have hen very heavy. The present tabulation cov- ers all military services of all tlle combatants- armies, navies and air forces-and works out as follows:

Killed in battle, and dead 14,000,000

Permanently incapacitated 5,500,000

Wounded, returner] to dtlty .. 30,000,000 Captured . . . . . . .. 10,200,000

These figurcs may or may not be too high. The noted fllitary analyst,- Mr. Hanson W. Baldwin, thinks they are~—particularly the number‘ of “permanently incapacitated." But even so, it is apparent that the current global conflicts human cost will be double that of the First World War. For the Japanese war is taking a fearful toll in blood-and who can say what losses China has suffered.

As to civilian casualties, this wars toll is vastly greater than that of the last conflict. In the British Isles alone more than 60,000 civilians were killcd and 86,000 injured. Ger- many's civilian population doubtless suffered nluch heavier casualties, while the number of Russian victims of German savagery has been enormous. And on top of all these are prisoner- nf-lvar deaths in German concentration camps —large numbers of them.

Growth Of Civil Service

Latest report available reveals there are 32,- 000 civil servants in Ottawa alone, and in all 140,000 cheques were sent out to government employees throughout Canada. If this can be taken as a rougll estimate of the number of civil service employees in the Dominion, it in- dicates a remarkable growth since the start of World War l. For instance in 19x4 there were 25,107 civil service employees alld their salaries totalled $1,960,238. By 1920 the figures were 47,133 and $4,423,157. By 1925 the number of government employees decreased to 38,645 but the salaries increased to $4,473,470. In 1935 the figures were 41,338 and $4,757,045, and in 1939. 45.437 and $512-$081-

Aocording to the report, the 32,000 civil service employees in Ottawa receive an aver- age of $115 a month, which is not a large in- eome. If this can be taken as a general aver- age, the total payroll for civil servants amounts to over $8,000,000 a month. During the last ten years, and particularly since the start of \Vorld \Var II, the number of civil service per- sonnel has increased sharply. It has been inti- mated in some ciuarters that when the war is over there will be a sharp reduction, but indi- rations are that the reduction will not be as great as many expect. Social security schemes, the complicated tax structure and other gov- ernment work will demand the services of thous- ands to operate them. Rehabilitation of vet- erans 0f the Second Great War which will be on a larger scale than ever before, will also re- quire a large staff. Viewed from any angle, it looks as if there will be a large force of civil servants in the years that lie ahead.

When France Fell

Five years ago 'now France fell. "In- vasion, 1940" was one of the series of short- wave talks latelv broadcast by the BBC. Among the several speakers was “r. Denys Hay, a historian up to the beginning of 1940. But by the summer of that year, he said, “like thous- ulds of others, I was a soldier.’ Now, trying "t0 look back at it all again as a historian", it seemed to him that the preparation which Dull- kirk gave us was tremendously valuable but "largely spiritual." We'd salvaged am army and learnt fundamental military lessons. But we'd lost the gulls and tanks and transport with which to apply the lessons. Dunkirk had de- prived us even of what we had. On May 23 of that year, Mr. llay said, Southern Command counted its guns and the total came to 80— some of them with ammunition. On June 21, "after scraping the barrel and digging into the depths of military cupboards that had been closed for decades," Southern Command was able to return a total of "146 pieces, some new, some obsolescent, some obsolete.” And it was on the day of that return that France felll"

Soviet Pin-Pricks I

Sometimes it is not easy to find the reason for Russian actions, as for instance the ac- cusation of the Moscow radio and the official Soviet newspaper Pravda that a death camp to do away with innocent Poles exists in Scotland close to Edinburgh.

It surely must have occurred to propagand- ists that if there was any basis for such an absurd cllargc it would have been made long ago by Polcs in England, wllo enjoy the free- dom of the British press ‘and speech. As the

accusation is made by the official Soviet news- paper it bean the government's stanlp of cp- proval.

It is probable, suggests an exchange, that the supervisionof Pravda, the radio, apd pro- paganda is in the hands of connnissars who have not the same desire for cooperation with the other great powers as have Stalin and Molotov. Allied statesmen have found the top-ranking Russians to be reasonable men, broadminded and sincere in their efforts towards collabora- tion, but there seems to be an unfriendly and disturbing attitude in the lower strata of Soviet officialdom.

-EDITORIAL NOTES- The last lap of June, hope it will be a dry one. n- u c e The elementary schools follow the high schools and colleges into vacation this week- then it is up to the parents. I U U I

Never has there been such a demand for teachers than at present, every district seems to be in want of them.

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Some organizers, like poets, are born, not made, and Mrs. H. S. Henderson is one of them. The success of the P. E. I. Protestant Hospital is largely due to her organizing abil- ity, plus her pleasing personality.

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It is now arranged that Summerside will be the Navigation School here for the Air Force, and Charlottetown the Service School where Cadets will take their final course preparatory t0 graduating.

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Pipe-smoking Britons are cheered by the arrival from southern France of first con- signment of briar to reach Britain in five years. It was estimated the 40 tons 0f briar received will make 250,000 pipes.

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Who is going to become the owners 0f H. M. C. S. Queen Charlotte now in the market? A fortune has been spent on her by the Fed- eral Government in order to make her suitable as naval barracks. It is one of the most cell- tral lots in the city, and the premises could be easily converted into anything, from a de- mobilizing station to a suite of apartments.

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I I The armed services’ vute was disappoint- ing due in large measure to the unexpected early Nazi surrender and the consequent scat- tering of the soldiery hither and thither. The biggest vote was recorded evidently not by men in the fighting line, but by stay-at-honles and air ground forces who were easily accessible for polling purposes. ll Ii l Our export market in potatoes. fish, furs and moss must be speeded up if we are to hold our own financially. It is proren for decades past that national income of. Canada for any year bears an almost invariable relationship .10 the value of exports of tllc country for the previous year. Before the war, $IO0\ in fox- ports one year meant $400 in ilatioilztl income the following year. I 1 i I Mr. D. Leo Dolan, chief of the Canadian Government Travel Bureau, Ottawa, predicts an expansion of tourist traffic in 1946, and urges that roads be improved and hotel service polished up. In regard to roads, he says: “What's the good of scenery if we can't see it for dust?" U i ll I Recently the Financial News, London, in a New York dispatch said upward revision of the Canadian dollar to parity with the United States dollar now is confidently expected. The expectation was said to be based ‘on the tech- nical movement of funds from the States to Canada, and it was said t0 be consid- ered that the Canadian dollar probably would be at par now if controls were lifted. In a summary rlln about the New York story, the Financial News said "apparently it is taken for granted that any revision would lift the Can- adian dollar from its present level, $4.45, to parity with the United States dollar at 4.03 dollars middle to the pound." l t t I The first Wesleyan Methodist Conference was held this date 1844; once a year each dis- trict sent representatives to attend conference held in London or elsewhere; until I784 it consisted of such of \Vcslcy's preachers as he wished to call, but in that year a legal constitu- tion was given to it and a scheme of lay rep- resentation adopted, this being the supreme court of Methodism; the legal body, called the Legal Conference, consists of a hundred members elected either by seniority or by the vote of the whole conference; this body en- dorses and adopts what has been done in gen- eral conference; in Canada the Methodist Church in name is now non-existent, but throughout the rest of the world there are solne 15,000,000 members, 60,000 ministers. 100,- 000 local preachers, 96,000 Sunday Schools, over 10,000,000 teachers and officers, and over 10,000,000 scholars. u a v n Four years exploration of Australia and in- timate friendship with Australian people have convinced Mr. Nelson T. Johnson, America's first long-term Minister to the Commonwealth Government, that Australia has an almost un- limited destiny in world commerce and in Pac- ific affairs. In his four years he has seen more of Australia and learned more of Australians than many Australians see or learn in a lifetime. About to leave Canberra to return to Wash- ington, he concluded his mission with a pro- pllecy and some advice. He prophesied that within the Australian continent Australian peo- ple will build up a domestic empire like that which thelpeople of the United States have created in North America. His advice is that

United ,,,

__ CHARLOlTETOWN GUARDIAN

Notes By 771e, Way

You shouldn't expect loo much of other people because on the average they are very-plum 11g, Yelp-Quebec Ohronlcle-Telezrsph.

“And after all, It ll style alone in whldh posterity will judge o! a great work, for an author can have nothing truly his own but hla sty fl-Dlaraell.

Have you over noticed many names of trees have three letters? asks Your Llfe azlne. Here are a few as a art,- er: "Ash, bay, bee, blg, box, elk, elm, fig, fir. gum, goo, haw, may, not, oak, sill. tea and yew.

ll o w only ag-

There are no better sefllelg In the world than the Dutch. There are man of tlhem 1n Ontario to- day and hey have made good. They are hard-working and industrious; they llke the land andthey are easily assimilated. They have the same outlook on llfe as‘ Canadians and they would flt ln easily with our social and polltlcal system. - London Free Press.

favor was its soclallzlng lnflu- ence. No two people could slt ln one of the things and remain strangers. It enforced a 00d neighbor pollcy, by throwing its occupants into close and lntltnale contact. That, penhaps, ls what, recalling some tender ekperlences on moonllght. nights, endears the sly. treacherous gadget our memory.-Wlnds0r Star.

On the emergence In Germany of men and women of the high. est moral courage. who can ex- pose the falsity of the odlous creed that 118.5 been propagated by force during the past l2. years. and teach their people honest, thinking and reliance upon themselves, not upon a delfled tlutocrat, to work out their own salvation, depends the only hope of an honorable future for Germany. The first necessity ls to face, without self-deception, the hideous truth about the pre- sentr-London Times.

One fact noticeable us the war has progressed ls the increasing tendency of holiday-makers to treat their escape from the city as an occasion for recuperation rather than recreation, says the Glaskow Herald. The zest with which ln peaceful times holiday- makers consumed thelr energy was evidence of rude health which he- lled the supposed need for a fort.- tllghvs change of occupation. But today all that the week-antler asks is tahat he shall be left alone to slt and sleep and hope that. there may be an egg for breakfast to- morrow. In the fullness of time the alppetlte for rlolf and other vlol- ent exerclses will return, but for the present the thouzht of a week- end of idleness with perhaps the greatly-to-be-deslred egg ls all that. ambition deslres. .

Word has come from Dr. K. M. Ruchlll of the University of Leeds and G. M. Tlmmls of Imperial Chemical Industrleft that‘ during experiments on growth undertaken to test the action of a series of flavlns or yellow pigments, a hitherto undescribed property was discovered lll a compound design- ated as 9-phenyl-5:6 hcnzo-iso-zll- loxazlne. The layman will rom- prehend little and care less about that caballstic label. But. he may be interested to learn that when some.of'thls_..substance was inject- ed lllfcrtllblilb‘ rats It. turned their halrmorange-yellow ln a svm- metrical pat/tem along the spinal column. When injected into black- eyed white mice, the stuff led to a yellowing of the hair on the back and flanks-Brantford Ex- positor.

Some landlords have found that catastrophe has not overtaken them when they admitted children to their property. We have in mind the case of an apartment house owner who enforced the "no children" rule rlgldly untll his young married daughter, living ln one of the suites, presented hlm with a. grandson. She could not. very well be put. lnto the street- al: least the landlord didn't think so under the circumstances. The old rule fractured, other families with young chlldren were allowed

. Latest reports Indicate all tenants have survived the new dispensation. In fact. everyone feels happier that they llve ln a place where babies are not re- garded as evlL-Edmonton Journal.

There has been a tendency to disparage the efficiency of the suicide assaults (on the U5. fleet off Okinawa island). but the flg- ures do not support that vlew. The Japanese have lost 4,002 planes slnce March 18, yet 1f only 100 of the human bombs got through to the decks of our shlps they have each taken more than 40 American llves besides inflicting damage. Admiral Mltscher believes that we must. redesign some of our equip- ment against the bomb-riding en- emy. The Japanese acknowledge that our defence has improved. es- pecially ln the use of “rocket ships." The American fleet ls still there and will remain until our troops have won the last foot of Okinawa. But tlhese sulclde squadrons have warned us what to expect when our shins assemble off the coast of Japan Itself for the flnal invasion. —New York. Times.