GUARDIAN

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l-TE lvlaoazluh GUARDIIAN F°a.1.?.‘:;f;':;; l`-i.“.f.."::::

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T0, THE FARMER '-

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Farmers and ot‘~ers interests

Invited to contribute to The germs, .The Dairy. The Turf, and good reads departments ot the Guardian either by question, correspondence oi- otherwise. Answers will be given by experts to all questions of general interest and space will be given to rf '.f.“:‘:° '“ rl G P vance r nce Edwa - land interests. rd. IB

Contributors are asked to have

their articles at this oilice early each WGGR. BB Oilly a short emergency item can be handled all late as one p. m. Wednesday. All received after that hour cannot appear until the following week.

' THE SCHOOL 1

slln ,

THE llolllr ,

Contributors for tllis department!

should be addressed to

President Teacher's Association,

Guardlan's School and Home. P. o. Box las Charlottetown.”

FOR BUSY HOUSEVTIVES.

To cool jellles, etc., ill a short time,

take a handful of salt and the same of soda; put in a bowl of water, and

stand the jelly mould in lt.

When eggs are not required for im-

lnedlate use, put tile yolks ill ll basin and barely cover witll cold water; place a plate on the basin to exclude the cold air, and stalld ill ll dark, cool

place until required for use.

\Vllen roastlllg a fowl in ll gas stove

put three tabiespoollfuls of water into the nleat till at the bottom of the stove. You will find the steam will make the bird tender, and obviate the

necessity for continually busting it.

After boiling a piece of ham or bac-

on tlle liquor should be allowed to stand until cold; thc fat should thell bo skimmed oil alld the water pressed from it. It can then bc used for mak- ing pastry, which will be found beau-

tifully light.

Should the kllob como off tho pan or

kettle, a screw sllollld he slipped through the hole with thc head inside of the lid. and a cork screwed on to the protuding cnd; tllls will make ll knob tllnt will llot get hot and that

can be replaced as it gets dirty.

Before wearing new kid gloves, if

they are laid between thc folds of tl damp cloth for an hour they will be foulld mucll easier to put oll. The damp ceusestlle kid to become more pliable, so tllat it will stretch to the required shape witllollt l-racking or splitting, and if rllbbvli with a piece of stale bread every time they are taken oll’ they will never lloed to he sont to a cleaner's. Gloves treated in

tllis way will last a long time.

After using ll. gas stovc for baking

leave the door open a little while to allow the host to cscapc. Tllls will

prevent sweating and rusting.

Fish should be very carefully' exam-

ined alld thoroughly cleaned. After being well washed, fisll that is to be fried needs drying well in n clean clotll. if the fisll feels slinly rllb it well with tl little salt. Scales should be scraped off with a knife. scraping from the tail upwards, and tile fish well rinsed afterwards. lf, sometimes the case with fresh water. the scales are hard to remove, as is fisil, dlp the flall in boiling water for a moment.

.The color of boiled poultry docs lnucll to commend it. or otllerwise displeases the eye. It should be white, and, to obtnirl this result, put what- ever has to be blanclled into a small quantity of cold water; wllell it boils throw the meat into cold water for s. low minutes; then cook it ill the usual way. Boiled meats, as wcll as rsh- bits end chickens should be tied up in thin calico whilst being boilod in ordcr that they may come to table witlloui. discoloration.

When slicing bacon place it with the

rind side dowll, and do not cut through the rind. When the slices are cut, slip the knife under them as possible.

To test butter. take a clean piece of

white paper, smear a little of the but- ter on it, roll up the paper, and set it on fire. if the butter is pure tile smell will be rather pleasant. but the odor is distinctly tallowy if the butter is made up wholly or in part of ani- nlal fats.

When cooking vegetables remember

that all vegetables which grow above ground should be put into boiling water, and all which grow under- ground in cold water, with the excep- tion of new potatoes.

Do not use too nlucll force in pol-

ishing shoes. A gentlc brushins with a soft brush than the vigorous work of the boolblack. Never allow a thick crust of blacking on your shoes. Wash it ofi' occasionally and apply a little castor oil; then polish ovor in an hour or two.

Milk whicll has sligiltly turned may

be sweetened and rendered fit for uso again by stirring ill a little soda.

Dish-mops may be kept odorless by

having a solution of soda in a. jar bo- 'sids the sink, and placing the mops in this when they are not in use.

Corlls boiled for five minutes before

use, in the case of bottled fruits. etc.. can be easily pressed in. and then make perfectly air-tight stoppers.

_.A-an-&@1-ui---_-°

l ras nancy

THl_ DIRK DAIRY BARN Dsmpnsss Forms whore Dsylllllt ll

' ~ lxeluded _

While there are but few dairy barns

that are Milly suillolently lighted at

make the quarters snug and war

it must come.

ID Gd ti 1 f. fl t llllulds passed by the cows, forma a

lation of all sorts of disease germs.

what accustoms them to the gloom

strains and pal-alyzes the optic nerv- eil. tllus seriously affecting the eye. sight. A limited amount of light ad- mitted ill front of the cows in their stalls will rectify this great _mlstrike_ The 0P€l\lH5 of the manure holes-ii' you are not equipped with o modem litter carrier-may he 1-egg;-ted go when the weather will permit, but as there are times when this practice would expose the herd to severe weather, the ligllt supply must be made ample and permanent by the in- stallation of regular frames for hold- ing glass to admit the proper amount of light required for the general wel- fare of the herd.--H. W. Swope, Dan- ville, Pa.

And while you are lllaking the barll

lighter, see that it is equipped with ll10d€l‘I1 Stalls. stancllions, litter car- riers, etc.--Farlll Life.

THE GOOD MILKER.

Some cows, it will be noticed, have

the escutclleon extending from the outside of one thigh to tile outside of l-he Other. while in other cows the as- cending hair barely reaclles over the back of the uddcr to the inside of the thighs. Tile condition of the hair varies, too, and also the color of the skin under the hair. These things all help to indicate the usefulness of the cows for milking or butter purposes. lnd must be noticed when studying her different qualities and points. For instance, if a cow has a wide escutch- eou with a very fine hair on it, you may be sure sllc is n good ulllker. Again, if the skill is yellow and found to have greasy scales on it. the cow will be fl rich lllilkcr whether she be- longs to a butter breed or not. Now, on the other hand, if the escutcheoll le narrow and small and the hnlr coarse and lollg and not particularly thick. tllo cow will be a poor lllilker with poor quality milk. Hence it will be seen flint tho internal capacity of the uddcr is indicated by thc escut- clloon.

MILK FOR BUTTER~MAKING

High-grade Butter Needs Good Quil- it Milk

'i`llc impressions is general lllllollg

farlllcrs that the lualif of thc nlllk

sequence. Any fluid outfit for utiliza-

tlle drawing process and its subse- quent llandllng it is possible for ulilk

Guard against stable odors ill milk

flavor of every stable smell. Pure air

tionable sastcs. The cows, too, must he kept carefully brushed alld the

there is the slightest possibility of

milk, cool and aerate it immediately

lt ls just as nlpo all o exer so

every care ill lllc handling of milk for

lo this ond the milking itself, thc

m . not only be washed thoroughly after llsiug, bllt they must also be exposed to live steam or boiling water before using. On most farms milk for but- ler-lnaklng is kept where it can ab- sorb bad odors. Milk has the power of quickly absorbing these and holding

made, it cannot bo of good quality if bacteria are allowed to enter the fluid and develop ill a while it` is held in

tial ill the production of high-gradc butter is quality nlllk. and thc pro- duction of fluallty milk involves the maintenance of healthy 0-0W*’» feeds free from strong flavors. clean stables utensils properly Clelllleii “nd Sieirn' ized, careful handllns Ol UW mnsi' its holding at a low telnP0\‘Hi-“|°° 'mt an immaculate storage comPll"lm°“ ~

in the pr ' flllid fronl which the butter is made.

‘

POULTRY _

any ti' e," e nudbsr of dark barns,

liurlrlg*tllo`%inter mouths are much

I

kltcllén server of nlodlllm

lnost dairymen, in their efforts to

nl

for the animals throush severe Win- ter weather, bar much of the light by should be removed close to the breas °l0Biils up all openings through which and put with the giblets. Witll the

g finger locate the centre of the place

Tile dark dairy barn is more apt to where the neck was attached to the

be damp since dampuess is sure to backbone, and cut down on top of the

latter through the skill and fiesll only.

W pens ra e an his with the This will guide you in making the

nd 5.

form where the sunlight never is al-

ideai seedbed for establishing rheu- Ulillim Bhd Other Similar diseases suit will be ragged and unsightly. Af- 8U\0I\E the herd, while the absence of ter you become skilled in cutting open llsht further encourages the accumu-

the dark dairy barn is its detriments effect on the eyesight of the herd

several days at times, which some-

lligh temperature. The first essen-

greater than during the Summensince angular shaped knife, which should be

very sharp. The wedge shape of the blade makes it a good one with which to cut through the bones. Tile neck

ll second cut through the bones, a

enable you to cut straight, or the r

a chicken in this manner, you wil

hands. Thorlo who broil chickens wil

knife; tileback, split down the mid

are asked to leave it ill one piece.

together, fold the paper neatly, mek

should be packed inside the chicken

ing, nothing is better than the three pint ice cream box, used by the gro cers for delivering many things. can be bought in the fiat cheaply. ‘ The roasters, which come into sell son late in the fall, should also be dry

many variations from established cus toms, except that housewives general

front and rear when cleaning a ross

vent sllould be neatly sewcd after til

ends should be left so that the thre can _be pulled out easily by the coo when the chicken is ready to be serv

chickens, they must bo daintily pro pared.

SETTING A HEN.

In tllcsc days of the incubator pos

sibly very few people set hens, bu the small poultry keeper will rind

enced it may be said that if a box selected it should not bc too large

i y '

used ill butter-making is of little con- Bl10lll¢l b0 ill!!! big 0Il0\l8ll i0 C0i1l-alll

the hen comfortably.

lion il_l the lla_tural condition is also A handy sizc is a box fifteen illchcs uniit_ for llse lll buttcr manufacture. long, fifteen inches wid., ,md Sixteen Qual"-V "‘,b“""" 'S ‘urecu-V due _lo inches lligll. lt will be an advantage the nttentloll given the milk during to nt it with a Wim netting door’ and

to nail wire netting over the bottonl

to lle so impregnated with food taints A good pm" is to place a sod of turf as to render it worthless for butter- at me botmm' a"`““5mg_ is 5° 'hat making. Thc feeding of strollg flav. there is a slight hollow ln the middle orell foods, as cabbage and soured sll- allll 011 £011 Of this build \1Dll1@I1€5l Of age, will cause the lnilk to become ob- hay. .i€Ctl0nnbiy flavored. Before putting the hell on her eggs

it is advisable to give her a good dust-

glttendell] for butter. There is nlucll mg Wm, insect powder, taking care to u ter t at las tile characteristic gs, it wen under the wmgB_ Uniess

t e hell is a very big one, do not put

produced by perfect ventilation will . do ulucll to free butter of its objcc- more than "me or ten eggs under her

if early in the season. She should

grain than this for her regular diet

stable odors gaining admittallce to Wheat and barley may sometimes be

given for a change.

after drawius. If llw Selmrsllvu Of she should como on' ller nest at the the crcam is not to take place for Same time every day (uw mo,-ning 15 °°v°"*i h°“‘°s “ner mnkmg' mid the the best time) alld remain off it from fluid ill lt temperature below 50 de- ,cn to twenty minutes and in cold

ewes-` i rt t Q ci westherashorier period. Aghen sits

best ill partial darkness, but is pro

butter-lnaking as for flllid milk, ulld Vldcd this ll Should be fenlembefeii

that ventelation is a necessity.

utensils used ill conveying and hold- Most hens make good sltters, but ills the milk sud the storage place bed ones are sometimes met wltll and UBL be Clean Tile Ulellsllfi Sh°\1ld re uire coaxill to return to their

collle difficulties of this character.

SCORE CARD FOR EGGS.

them, illlpartillg them to the ultimate llere is one of tile best prepared product, butter. Keep the nlilk from score card for eggs that wo have yet the time lt is drawn until ready for seen. Tile standard size for an ogg is t-,hurlllng ill nll atmosphere tilat is that it should weigh two ounces or one sweet and Dum dozen eggs sllould weigh one and one-

No matter how carefully butter ~ ‘ is half pounds. The shape is oval and it

should be smooth in surface:

Size . . . . . . . . . . . . '.....15 _Cleanliness _ ...15 Shape . . . ... . . . 5 SbeilColor...... ., .. ,.5 Shell Toxturc .. 5 Fulness . . . .._ _.15 Quality and Flrmnoss of Yoke. .20 l~‘irmness of White _.20

100

` . PIGS

Better butter can be mado ou every _, U _ _, _, V _/ , , V

. _ .. ._

farm if lnorc discretion is exorclwll

oduction alld carlllfl f0l' U19 ¥

'8ANlT_ATiON IN HOG HAIBING

it may be s ‘bit far fetched to s

` < , . '

be able to do it before lt ls drawn.

Another most undesirable feature of The oil gland above the tail should be

1 cut out, and the cllicken laid skin . down on the table. In order to make

Tile animals are confined in their dark it lie flat on the broiler. the curving quarters for several hours, perhaps ribs are scored twice with the French

knife; they can then be broken

y througll by being bent back with the

atmosphere. Being turned into the op-

en Slmlisllt Ggilill. the sudden change appreciate this.

For those who fry the broilers, the

clllckeu should be cut into the follow- ing pieces, in the absence of special

instructions: two wings with tips re- moved; two legs; two second joints- boned if desired; the wishbone piece; the rack, flattened by scoring with the

die; and the breast divided, unless you

To pack the broilers fondelivery,

use waxed paper of suitable size. Lay the chickell with the inside surfaces

ing a. square package. The giblets

To deliver the cut up cllickeu for fry-

it

picked and cleaned. There are not

ly desire to have them trussed as well ns cleaned. They look better on the dish when trussed before roasting. Use great care in making the vents at

ter. They sllould be made with one cut of a. sllarp knife, and not longer than absolutely needed. The neck

e

chicken is cleaned, n coarse linen thread or line cord beillg used. Long

ad k

ed. You should ailn to locate all tile internal organs of the chickell by the sense of foucll. This will enable you to work ill a. very sulllil vent. itc- member that thc appearance of a. food lproduct makes the greatest appeal to lthe purchase, and to sell pan~dressed

necessary at some time orother to

have a big feed of maize before start-

floors alld gutters well cleaned. If lui! her 10-b0l`S» and lhefe 15 “0 bel-ter

Cl K

nests. Patience will generally over-

the simple and cheap tonlcs that are most needed in the feeding ration and habit of Mr, Hog. How many of you hog raisers have so constructed your hog houses' so as to give the hog a chance at these most necessary pro- visions of Nature? Do your hogs have to bobble ll quarter of a mile over rough and frozen ground to get 'll drink of ice cold water? If they do it is a certainty that they are not Set- ,ting as much water as is needed for lhealthy growth and quickest gains for early maturity. Put as much of the water inthe food in the form of slops as possible durillg the winter, and serve it in clean troughs without the chill of ice.

Most of you wllo feel the nip of wea-

ther that registers 40 degrees below, zero may scout that the idea of the hog not being able to get plenty of fresh air these winter days. Where proper quarters are provided the hog will have no trouble getting ills share of air, but many farnlers who keep but a few hogs allow them to pile up in dirty hunks under the barns where they wallow in dust wllich is breathed by the hogs causing them to cough and wheeze and become an easy prey to pneumonia and tuberculosis, Plenty oflfresh. bright straw tllat is changed

- often enougll to make the bedding dry

alld clean at all times, is the proper bed for the hogs. Tile coldest nights are not likely to harm the hogs, even in open sheds. if they are sleeping ill deep, dry beds of straw.

- The hog house or slled should al-

ways be placed on groulld hlgll enough

. to be well drained. Germs cannot

thrive where there is dryness alld slul-

_ shine. Consequently thehouse should - face the south, and have open sides or

plenty oi’ window space, the windows extelldillg deep so as to allow the sun to sweep the entire floor space at

. some time during the day. Sunshine

is nature’s ov_m disinfectant, and one

. that has never been improved llpon . by any drug manufacturer wllo may

make disinfectants. Where tllere is sunshine there is happiness, and it happy hog is a tllrifty one that is growing alld fumlng his feed into pork

. ill the shortest time possible.

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FEED THE SOWS.

Weight of Young Pigs Doubled by Feeding Balanced Ration.

Pigs twice as heavy as most pigs

are at birth are being farrowed at

_ the University Farm of California, at

Davls._ High colldition of the sow is the chief cause. The feeding of zl pro- perly balanced ratioll brings about llllli lllsll colldition. 'I‘llc farm is care- ful thnt it shall be accolnpanied by sufficient exercise. That thc results are desirable and highly profitable

_ has now been established. The old

llotioll has been disproved that high conditions lessons thc sow’s profic- ,lellcy. I Tllese investigations are valuable to _ the stock growers of California as ov- , ertllrowing the nlistakell idea that

nllligll colldition_is necessarily injurious

to breeding animals.

Carefully kept records of pigs far-

set a hen. For the benefit of those

y who are making u Bm" or are mexperp rolved at the University Farm show n

. is

It

total of 222 live pigs farrowcd from 24 sows. Of these 24, 14 have their ,flrst litters. The birth weight is jllst ns remarkable ns the nllmbor, for they woigh as much as four ami two-tentlls pounds at birth, and are exceptionally vigorous. So for the average birtll weight has been approxilnately 3.2 pounds..yet anything over 2.2 pounds is considered heavy.

- That these sows ill high colldition

are heavy lllilkers, thus inducing rapid and economical gains on the young pigs ls attested by the weigllt of the last litter weaned. These pigs were 61 days old on the day they were weaned, and averaged 55 pounds ill weight. These results are still nlore remarkable, because tlley represent the average reproduction of six dif-

fgrcnt breeds, at least one of ullprol-

c. No feeds other than those produced

on the University Farm are used ex- cept wlleat shorts or middlings. Al- ffillil Dasture is utilized whenever available, except ill the Fall, after it has been frosted. The pigs are weigh. cd at birth and the sows as soon after- WHl`<l HS Possible, and both are weigh- cd oacll week thereafter until the pigs are weaned. All of the grain and milk for both sow and pigs are weighed and thc area of the pasture measured so that later it will be pos- sible to determine actually the com- plete cost of producing pork under l California conditions.

THE TURF "

CLYDESDALE AS80CiATION.

Report of the Directors of the Cly-

desdale Association of Canada, sub. nlitted at their Annual Meeting at Torollto on Tllursday, Feby. 4th.

ln reviewing the work of 1914, it

is not too mucll to state, that, not- withstanding the somewhat unsatls. factory condition of the horse market l which generally prevailed, the Clydes- rale ilorse well maintained its posi- tion as thc premier draft horse of Canada. Tho Clydesdale type has become rl flxturc‘iu the market. lt is the standard of quality set up for gm. er breeds to follow. The top prico for draft horses moans tho best prico paid for ihc boat Clydosdales in harn- css. This should be satisfactory to the brooder and should induce him to keep to ills ideals and maintain and improve upon thc high standard nl- , ready attained. in horsc brooding as well as in everytlllng else there must

` be no standing still, The breeder

must aim to produce only the best and

to increase thc nlimber on the market up to the highest standard. It must be admitted that there are draft hors-

y es of what is claimed to be the Clydes-

- a

that clesnlliness is. alsln to godliness dale type which are far from being in the hog pen. At the same time the equal to the standard set up. The

pngggliuq THE FOWLS FOR MAR- general rules of hygiene. that apply to aim of every Clydesdale breeder

KE1-_ all class!! of live stock. apply just as should therefore be to bring all up to ____ 1 strongly td the hog, and intelligent use the standard -of the best. When that

,ll when me clmkel, is nmged, pluck of these .males is rognldfby success in point is reached, Canada, will have "gnu di-My it in the usual manller, tak- the business ef.-Dork production. The a reputation for draft horses second in g Q not to hllrst tile gall bladder ,hog is not a dirty .animal if given ' Ithnmtniis 'rho gihletll, consisting a chance. , l-is gets lice, 'msnge, only that. but the demand will be bet- °; “P h t ,gm ,ml glmro. should ollolerrllnd tnlleronlosls amuse me tor as other lands will look to uull g teiggllzeir at once and nut into salt owner compels him to live, and ex- country to supply their needs more :nor “mu ready ii, deliver. For swift; xglihalgdto \hrlve..‘u\\delt-uuahealthy thx; they have been doing.

the bac 9 . . . - »

}1“€,‘§|`:t:§‘“§;?t‘eg0:;,‘;n the French i Furs air. pure water and sunshine, more concerned about the future than

' lllrofll lrl- and plenty of all, with exercise, a

to no country the world over. Not

e borsemsn today is, however,

re the past. But before leaving the past

we would like to smphasize this one tiling-future success will depend ina large measure upon how the mistakes of the past have been improved upon. Today more than ever before. the breeder must keep the best market type before him. Tllat is the ultimate goal. lt is what the Clydesdale men are in business for--to give the buy- ing public the best draft horse avail- able. Tllere may be ups and downs in the market. but if you are in the Clydesdale business and intend to stay there, you must aim to produce the best type of the breed. You owe it to the men ill the old land and ill this, who have championed the Cly- desdale and kept il. to the front, to continue the good work and maintain a standard of high quality. If this is done no other breed in this or any

other country can take its place.

Many are asking as to the future of

the horse industry, 'your Directors, while not claiming any superior knowledge on this subject, after a careful consideration of all the con- ditions llaving any bearing upon the future of the industry, would say that the outlook looks'most pronlising. There are these who see ill the cessa- tion of railway building on a large scale and other big undertaklllgs,such a falling off ill the demalld for draft horses, as will seriously affect the market for some years to come. Prob- ably thllt would be the case were this the one big source of demand. Just at present the lumbering indus- try is at a standstill, but this condi- tion is not likely to be long main- tained. As soon as the war is over, and possibly before it is over, there will be a revival in lumbering opera- tions which will afford a big outlet for horses. Then tllere is the de- mand for city trade and farm work. Both tllesc sources of demand have been on the quiet side during the year. For sonle time the Eastern farmer had a good market for ills horses ill the West. 1-ie cannot how- ever hopo to have tllat market always at his disposal. The Western breed- el- is annually increasing the supply of horses available for farnl work ln the West, and while the special ef- forts in the lille of increased crop production may cause a bigger demnlld for horses this spring than usual, the Eastern farmor lllllst more and more adjust himself to this condition-that the west will_ sooner or latcr be in st positioll to take carc of tho Western farmer on thc scorc of

horse supply.

This is a situation that should not

be viewed by the Eastern brceder with regret. lt is credit to the nlell oi` the West that they llzlvc llnd the enterprise and the courage to tzlkc _up horse breeding on the extensive scale which they have. They llllvc been the best customers of thc Eust- erll breeder and fllrnlcr for many years alld will continue to bc cut- tonlers, but to a more limited extent as thc years go by. \Vllilc increased production of horses in the West must be accredited largcly to .individual en- terprise, it is llot overstating the case to say that the industry would not have reached its present position so quickly had not our associllliotl. by liberal grants to exllibitlolls and in other ways relldcrcd clfectlvc aid in fostering tho Clydesdale breed

the West. _

So lllucll for the loval situation. 'I`hc

influence of the war upon horse breed- ing generally is deserving of careful consideration. One has only to re- call the great wflstc of horse flesh ill the countries in thc war zone, andthe rapid destructioll of horses ill the war itself to be convinced that the world's supply of horscs is being reduced at a very rapid rate. Tile average life of a horse in thc battle field is said to be only 12 days. Tile chief de- lnand is for remounts, 'and thousands have already been taken fronl this continent for this purpose. It is rea- sonable to suppose that when tile sup- ply of the ligllter types is exhausted, thc heavier kinds will bc drawn upon. At ally rate, with the withdrawal of horses for remoullts, will come a de- mand for the heavier kinds to flll their places. lt looks indeed, if hostilities 'are long colltlllued, tllat horses of all kinds will be drawn upon to supply thc wants of war. This will have its effect on the market, not only for thc lighter types bllt for the heavy drafts also. l

The outlook for breeding horses is,

however, the one tllat should bc es- pecially cousidercd. Thcrc caullot be ally doubt that when thc war is over and peacc is‘restored, that there will some a demand for breeding stock ill the horse lillc such as this coulltry has never before witnessed. Alld this demand will not be confined to types suitable to breed remounts. The war has put ll stop to horse exporting froln France. We understand that the Freucc. We understand that the French government has already issued an order prohibiting the exportation of breeding females until 1920. There is not likely to bc any cxportatloll of mules from that country either. In lielgiulll exportation has ceal-lcd be- cause there are no horses to export. ln Great Britain the llorso supply is being rapidly reduced for war pur- poses, and` our information is that many draft horses are being taken. ln any caso, prices have advanced and the importer will llavc to psy more than llc dill a year-`or two ago. Tho indications point to much higher prices still, which will undoubtedly have all effect upon importation of Clydosdales for some limc, all of which will add to the .value of the Canadian bred animal; ln fuct, it is clalniod by some who havc mnrio a close study of thc situation. lllat brocdcrs in Scotiall dnlay be looking to Canada to supply them with breed- ing stock in the not distant fllturc.

It is this feature of the situation

that concerns us most at the present time, and your Directors would urge upon every owner of a Canadian bred animal to have it registered if it is eligible. During the past couple of years registrations have fallen off considerably. due to neglect on the part of nisny owners of eligible ani- mals. it is a serious mistake to post- pone registration. lf an animal is not a scrub and is pure bred lt should be recorded. There is nothing to be gained by postponing. The owner ill- tends to have the animal recorded some time, then why not do it when the animal is young and all the in- formation readily available. So lm- portant is this that it is well worth

in

considering whether the penalty for nomrocording should not belncrcas-

sdvanta e of the means afforded fo

increased penalty fee,

Y

the expense and trouble of recording.

foresight to have it recorded should stay out of the business of horse

breeding.

A review of the,Sllow season again

emphasizes the strong place held by the Clydesdale horse in this country. The general conditioll of the market affected exhibits considerably in some places, breeders not being aux- ious to go to the expense of exhibit- ing when prospects for busilless were not of the brightest. While the ex- hibits showed some falling off a high average quality was maintained. Each show season emphasizes the growing importance of the Canadian bred classes. At all the Shows the Cali- adian breds were out ill force and of a standard that speaks mucll for the lllgh quality of the home bred Clyd-

esdale.

There is ollc feature of the horse'

display at Exllibitions that is not enl- pllasized as much as it should be,and that is the heavy draft harness class- es. Tllesc classcs show thc fillislled product, the object of all breeding, and if they are not emphasized at Ex- llibltions the value of the display is lessened, The Western Shows set a good example to the rest ill this respect. At several of the Western Fairs the team classes are the big events of the Show. Clydesdale breed- ers need not have any misgivings when it comes to the team classes at exhibitions. It is the Clydesdale tilat lnakes the show in the heavy harness classes, and this has been true for many years. Tllero are breeds of heavy harness that have been ill this collntry for n period nearly as long as the Clydesdale, yet they never como to the front in the heavy draft team classes at exhibitions. It is only fair to the Clydesdale breed to state that while we have had other draft breeds in this country for a number of years, with perhaps a few excep- tions, at no exhibition ill Canada do those breeds figure ill the draft team classes. The owners of these breeds seem to be contented with confining

themselves to agricultural teams.

The Flancial statement for 1014

shows that thc Association is not as healthy as it should bc. The balance ou hand is $11,067.04 as compared wltll $16,824.39 a reduction of $5,757.35.

There are two ways of bringing

about improvement in the financial position if you so desire-increasing receipts alld reducing expenditures. ll’ every owner of a Clydesdale ill Canada eligible to record, would have it recorded, the annual revenue would soon got back to llorlnai. The reven- ue of this Association ill future will more and more depend upoll the rc- gistration of ilonle bred animals. lm- portatiolls have continued to fall ofl' for a couple of years back null are likely to keep down to a low level for some time. Tllerc were only 185 ilu- portatlons of Clydesdales into Can- ada ill 1914--160 froln Great Britain and 25 from the United States. There- fore that source of revenue need not be looked to to contribute to the funds of the Association the large sums it has contributed ill former years. Tile chief item of expendi- ture is grants to exhibitions. Whether these should be reduced or not it will be for the incoming Board of Di- rectors to say. A reduction might be wortll wlllle until such time as the Association were in a position to know what the normal revenue from registrations would be. There is this to be said, however, if every Clydes- dale breeder in Callada would have his animals recorded there nccd not be any misgivings on the score of rev- cnuc. Tllc large breeding operations of the past year or two nlust mean n largely increased uulllbcr of animals eligible to rcglster.

Boforc leaving this part of the itc-

port it llligllt be stated t.hat ill 1014. $3080.30 was paid ill grants to Fairs held prcviolls to 1914. alld that there lcmaincd unpaid at the cnd of the year grants totalling $3,195.00 with the addition of some amounts where por- tions of grants were held back lllltil all transfers were made. Of this let- ter sum $750.00 will not be called up- on as scvcral exhlbitiolls were called off on account of the war. ln addition there are one or two grants ill dis- pute owing to the Fair Associations failing entirely to comply with the regulatious. if these are not paid it will reduce the amount owing to Fairs previous to 1915 to about $2,200 as compared with nearly twice that amount at the beginning of 1914.

‘During 1914, your Directors made

grants to twenty-eight exhibitions. totalling $8,640.00 or an increase of $295.00 over 1913. This amount was distributed to the various provinces as follows: British Columbio.$800; Al- berta, $1,020; Saskatchewan, $860; Manitoba, $060; Ontario. $3,875: Que- bec, $400; New Brunswick, $150; No- va Scotia, $225; Prlncc Edward is- lalld, $150: and $200 to tllc interna- tional at Cllicago. From these figures you will sec that your Board has on- deavored to be liberal with all parts of the country. their solo aim being lu promote thc interests of the Clydes- dale horse. _ _

0

Tile Association have this year

granted $50 for Clydesdale prizes at the Horse Show to be held in Char- lottetown, Marcll 17th and 18th.

..Z..__._.---

THE FARM

I FRUIT TREE TROUBLE8.

More than a million apple trees have

been killed in Kansas, Missouri. Okla- homa and Nebraska. by a disease known as the blister canker. This disease was introduced from the Best 15 years ago. At hrst it attacked the

oirl nnfl greatly weakened trees, but

, , '1

ed. lf the 'breeder will not take new is a serious U1. N "§,flD' 5 l . .|1Q§|l)‘ ` recording his animals early, the Ast- P e meh' B 'Tug V' ‘I B sociatlon would be doing him ll good

turll by stirring him up a bit by an making ideal conditions (onthe Y0\'l_¢

of applsugeea hal been fh- ducsd by drouth the last four'yea.\’l,

of the fungus. ' ‘ ' '

Tile breeder however, should not The blister canker ig; wpundjpara-

need any special urging at the present site and experiment! IIIVG . if time. The demand for breeding stock it is unable to' enter the rk in a year or two's time will be such of the apple ti-gg, ig) " ' ed as to pay him man times over for through broken but vm y f ls-in

which the heartwood is ` l'lTlle

with llnportatlona or Clydeennles .lineage is og.-fied by wind or. g ‘-The necessarily reduced, the day of the first appearance is the _dark` " of Canuulan bred Clydesdale has ar- rived. lt will have the field to itself, so to speak, in a most marked de- gree, and the owner of a good Cana- dian bred mare who has not the disease cannot be guccessfullyehfi _ oi-

tbe bark near the wound. vlgéikrk area increases in site and ill IDI moist the first year but the.; f nd year it becomes dry and crack I e

ley by spraying because the sporelare developed in slightly raised arehrone- fourth of an inch in size. Which' ap- pear below the outer bark but‘over the surface of the canker. -' _~

Ben Davis and Gallo trees are. very

susceptible to this disease. alllhdie in two years. The Missouri Piigin. Jon- athan, Grimes, Golden sod' ork. im- perial are much more resistant. if the infection is noticed before itihas gone to the heart wood it can be _cut out and the wound kept paintedwyith waterproof paint until the vlblind grows over. lf it is in the liedltlwood it is best to cut down the treealld burll lt. It' the fungus ati.a_oks the branch it may be cut off and burned- Excxeeding care should be exercised ill the pruning. The pruning aliollld be done early in the fore part of-the growing season, giving theiree a chance to heal. General sanitary measures, such as removing and burn- ing all thc brush and dead trees. open- ing tlle trees so as lo light all parts of the bearing surface, careful spray- ing lo prevent other diseases and insects from harming the trees, and cultivation where posible, will be of great value as general preventive.