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@112 muardiuu

*‘ Coven Prince Edward Island Like the Dew

ggblisned every week-day morning at 165 Prince Street ariottetown, P.E.l., by the Thomson Company Ltd Ian A. Burnett. Publisher and General Manage! Frank Walker. Editor Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Member of The-Canadian P.ress B Member Adult Bureau oi Circulation: ranch offices at Summerside. Montague and Alberton Represented Nationally by- Thomson Newspaper: Advertising Service 44 King Street West. ‘Toronto, Ont. 640 Cathcart St. Montreal 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver 3! Carrier Charlottetown, Summerside $15.00 per .11. uum. Elsewhere in P.E.l $9.00. Other Provinces and U.S. $12.00 oer annum.

“T he strongest memory LS weaker than the weakest ink.”

‘ MONDAY, JAN.. 27, 1958

PAGE 4

A Serious Decision

Apparently, the United States’ : plan to establish missile bases in V ' European countries is not proceeding satisfactorily. At the NATO Coun- :il meeting most of the Governments agreed “in principle” to the sugges- tion. Since then, however, they have taken a second look at it and what they have seen is not exactly reas- suring. With the exception of Britain ff and West Germany they seem to be growing lukewarm to the whole idea. : Even in Britain there is much public ' opinion against it; while in West Germany there is growing support for the Polish plan to make all Cen- tral Europe a. missile-free area. The ‘A British Government, while still ad- . hering to the American plan offic- ially, would much prefer the missile bases to be erected on submarines. ,- At least, that seems to be the gist of

4; a recent report from London.

I The fact is that the European na- L- tions are halting between two opin- / ions. Naturally, they want the NATO alliance to. be effective, which means that it must be well supplied with modern weapons. At the same time they are not sure whether, in the

.

event of war, the offensive power

which the bases woud provide would be an advantage or whether it would .-if merely make their own destruction more likely. 1 It is, indeed, a serious decision for .‘§‘-.__iiny country to have to ‘make. And, of course, it _ is not made any ‘less serious by the _tlireatenings which are coming daily out of Moscow.

Strange Assumptions ,

Commenting on a. broadcast by Hon. Mr. Pearson in which he re- viewed his no-confidence motion in‘ Parliament last week, Judith Robin- son in the Toronto Telegram scores‘

the Liberal leader’: arguments for their astounding departure from Lib- eral principles. Mr. Pearson, it will be recalled, moved that the Diefen- baker Government quit office and re- instato 3. Liberal administration without calling an election. ‘

This motion assumes that govern- ment as well as Parliament “ceases to function” and remains in a. coma for two months from the time an election is called and that, for that reason, elections are undesirable and dangerous things tofhave in time of economic uncertainty. V I

Another assumption is more start-

_ ling- It implies that votes and re- solutions passed at a political party's

-national convention are sufficient

I substitutes for electoral approval and entitle at party leader thus briefed and supported to invite an elected government to abdicate in his and ,

‘his party’s favor without the tedious formality of a ballot.

* “If Lester B. Pearson believes the first”, says the« Toronto writer, “he should not be in politics in a par- liamentary democracy. The second

‘ ~ wasra thesis widely accepted—and

where not accepted enforced’ in Ger- many. and Italy, before 1945. In that part of the world where you-know- what party is supreme it is political orthodoxy. But it comes oddly from the lips of the chosen» leader of Can- adian Liberalism‘. In his most horrid‘ nightmare an heir of Laurier could hardly have dreamed himself to be hearing such reasoning from such a source.”

Learning About Canada’ A

It is common knowledge that the information about Canada held by the average adult American is woe- fully meagre, especiallynas regards the ._country’s political structure. (Millions of Americans ‘actually be- lieve that Canadians have to pay ‘tribute to the British Government.) The younger generation, however, ought to do better, judging by the . results of a survey conducted by a joint United States-Canada commit-. tee on education, a pI'lValSely-OI'_ganiz. ed group set up in 1944 to study edu. cational projects of mutual concern. The survey learned that some study of Canada is practised in the schools of all 48 States. Some States’ school systems require such study to

s

be 1 part of the school curriculum. Most of the study is in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary schools. In junior high schools it is the required study in geography, and in senior high schools it is included in courses on world history and world geo- graphy. In addition, a number of tea- chers’ colleges (normal schools) in- clude the study of Canada in their professional courses. There are few, if any, Canadian texbooks in use; but several American publishers have on hand a good variety of texts deal- ing with Canada.

In 1953 and 1954, the report states, Canadian Consulates receiv- ad nearly 14,000 requests for instruc-

California sent in the most,requests—- 2,416; but several sent in more than 1000. About 34 per cent of the re- quests came from teachers and about 11 per cent from students. Most of the others came from parents of ichool children and school officials.

“The space given to Canada American schools is slowly but steadily increasing”, the commit- te reported. “The quality of these ‘ text books becomes increasingly im- portant when we rbalize that at least 23 States determine the text or list of texts that may be used in the ele- mentary schools and onlya slightly

, smaller number" determine the text

or list of texts for the high schools.”

EDITORIAL NOTES’

There will be’ a “Canada House” on New York’s Fifth Avenue after all. And this will happen because the Diefenbaker government which only a. few weeks ago washed its hands of the project has changed its mind. This was a sensible thing to do af- ter having examined the new facts and circumstances.

! -m o + 3‘ For the second time, Ottawa's City Council has ap roved fluorida-

issue is now before the Ontario gov- ernment, which is being__ asked for enabling‘ legislation that would per-

provincial health authorities have publicly supported fluoridation, on the basis of experiments carried out over a period of years in'Brantford\ and other cities, it can be assumed that the necessary permissivepower can be granted to the city without un- due delay. . . _

i it

The scientists-—relatively few-— who understand what the Einstein

_ Suggesting that space travellers will ' live longer than people who stay home. “That means”, writes Dr_ Robert K. Plumb in the New York Times, “that a 20-year old man who leaves his twin brother at home while ie travels at the speed of light to the star Sirius for example, will find his brother 38 years old when he re- turns; the traveller ‘himself will have aged only a few years”. The words ‘.‘only a few years” would indicate that he would be only about 25 years

brother. -Ar

Impatient anglers in these parts ,with a little time on their hands might considertaking a trip to New- foundland where the trout-fishing season is in full swing. Normally, this time of the year fishing is done through the ice of the lakes and ponds; but this year. everything is v open and fishermen age journeying by car and train to their favourite streams. That, at anyorate, is the ‘ report from St. John’s. Incidentally,

1' I’

in early January and lasts till late fall, officials say that no apparent damage is done to the trout supply. We don’t want to get into any argu_ ment over this. We merely give the report as we heard it.

I «I 4

There’s a certain cab driver in Washington, D.C. who has the’mak- ings of a fine_diplomat. One evening last week a man got into his cab and began to talk about the state of the

A nation.‘ The driver, so the story goes i

made outgthat things couldn’t be worse. Everything was going to the dogs and would never be any better until_the “Eisenhower gang” was dri- ven out of Washington. “And”, he added as a parting shot, “I don’t .care if you are a Republican”. The passenger was so pleased that he handed the driver a 50-cent tip. He was Adlai E. Stevenson, ‘President Eisenhower’s opponent in the last election. The joke is that Mr. Steven- son is noted for being a little less than lavish with his tips. The driver, who no doubt recognized him, was

well aware of it

in-

mit the city to proceed. Since the-

ild, 13 years younger than his “twin”

despite the fact*that the season opens A

tional material about this country.‘

tion of the city’s water supply. The A

Theory of Relatiyity is all about are ' J

— the National Liberal Convention of

I’ But Parliament has its own re-

éalso happens to be a representa-

I lish Canada in his own person. A

HELPS .8Ko1’H_ElZf5-

“we Ace PREPARED To HELP You A5 A Boomer: SOVIET‘ REPRESENTATIVE AT THE AFRO-Astor PeoPi.es’coNi=skeN_cs

STEP - B ROTHERS

‘The Honorable Lester Bowlesl Pearson ‘has now been installed, formally, as Leader of Her Ma- jesty’s Loyal Opposition. He had become National Leader of the Liberal Party, of course, before

1958 closed its doors.

quirements. And Mr. Pearson did not become Leader of the Oppos- ition until a caucus of the Liber- al Parliamentary group had’ duly ratified the convention’s decision. This fills, of course, the vac- uum created by the retirement of the Rt. Hon. Louis St. Laurent. But it leaves. untouched another vacancy created by Mr. St. Laur- ent’s decision to retire. - . The effective leadership of the Liberal Party has, traditionally, been discharged by two persons. One of these is the National Leader. When the National Leader

tive of French Canada, as was the- case with Laurier and St. Laur- ent, no other is required. Though he will, probably, have a first lieutenant who represents Eng-

man such as Howe.

But when the National Leader is a representative, of English Can- ada, then it has been the prac- tice for him to rely heavily on the services of a deputy, repre- sentative of French Canada, who is able to maintain some kind of

The Right Hoind Mcin,

Arthur Blakely in The Montreal Gazette

he received little, if any, assis-

jcornes from the right part of Que-

balance in Liberal Party leader- ship. ‘ Q ‘ KING’s FIRST CHOICE

King’s first choice for this key post was the late Ernest Lapointe And‘ after Lapointe, it was St. Laurent. ‘

And‘who will emerge ‘as Mr. Pearson’s deputy for French’_C‘a- nada? .

Mr.-‘ Pearson is_,faced with a difficult decision —- one in which

tance from the recent convention. The convention heard most of the oratory of most of the potential candidates for the post. But it did not attempt to indicate any pref- erence. So Mr. Pearson must make his own choice. And that choice will be as important as it will be difficult. ’

Let’s take a look at the more likely looking candidates:

Hon. Jean Lesage: Former Ml- nister of Northern Affairs and National Resources When first a- lected to the Commons in 1945, he was regarded as a newcom- er "f considerable promise. At 45, e is still a promising young man. But he’s never quite emer- ged from that state. He's ag- gressive, fluent, bilingual and

bec (for political’ purposes the Quebec district rather than the Montreal district). But he has demonstrated a tendency towards rashness and impetuosity which

New Guinea is one of the last‘; strongholds of the Stone Age. With its wild jungles, rugged ‘mountains, and malarial swamps, it is 'a land that seems hostile to man.

Yet; two nations, the Nether-

lands and Australia, hold firmly to their respective western and eastesrn halves of the island Ne- therlands control of the west dates from the early days’of the Dutch East India Company. Australia administers Nonth-East New Gui- nea and Papua under the Inter- national Trusteeship System. A third country, young Indones- ‘ia, has recently stepped up an eight-year campaign to acquire Netherlands New Guinea,_ which it calls West Irish and claims as part of the former Netherlands East Indies. « .

On the map New Guinea re- sembles a prehistoric reptile float- ing north of the Australian conti- nent, says the National Geograp- hic Society.

ter Greenland, it stretches 1,500 miles from head to tail. Its back- bone is a series of" mountain chains towering in spots above 15,- 000 and 16,000 feet. It was nam- ed New Guinea by a 16th cen- tury Spaniardwho noted a simi- larity between ‘the island’s people and those of West African Guinea

Stone Age New Guinea I

National Geographic Society ' ,

The world's largest island af-v

facing Indonesia, occupies nearly 160,000 miles square, an area lar- ger than California. Its inhabi- tants —- chiefly Papuans, Melan- esians, and Negritos —' number only 700,000 compared with 1,700,- 000 in the areas under Austral- ia’s trusteeship. _

Dutch officials of western New Guinea, like administrators to the east, must deal only, with in- hospitable nature; the natives’ lack of hospitality sometimes ex- tends to head hunting.

The islands terrraiii does not favor the farmer. Much of the high mountain country, though equat rial, is covered with snow and ' laciers. Soil is generally poor, and even in fertile. valleys heavy rainfall causes erosion.

Enormous swamplands, tangled jungles, and dense forests hamp- er communications in the plains and coastal regions. Mountain spurs and torrential rivers in the uplands isolate valleys and pla- teaus.

The same conditions that have retarded progress in New Guinea attract naturalists and anthropol- ogists. "

The island abounds in little - known plants — creepers, orchids, ferns, palms, and other trees. Its wildlife includes egg-laying mam- mals and marsupials, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, swarms of

The contested western region,

”P|unge I

We are told that the Liberal Pa.rty’s national convention took “afateful plunge into free trade.”

How fateful a plunge? ”

Says the resolution

“A Liberal government would give immediate, sympathetic and detailed consideration to the Bri- tish proposal for the gradual es- tablishment of a free trade area between the United Kingdom and Canada and would take into ac- count. . . the importance of main- taining existing industries and living standards in Canada.”

“Consideration,” t h a t blessed word of politics and it hedged at that. Some plunge!

If the author of that plank, if that it can be called, didn’t have his tongue in his cheek, didn't have one eye cocked on the prair- ies and the other on Bay Street and St. James street. then we’ll eat what is left of the Coliseum’ red bunting.

1919 RESOLUTION

trade" with the free trade plunge

that was taken by the Liberal con-

nto Free Trade”

Ottawa Journal

Compare this “plunge into free ,

multi - colored butterflies, and

vention of 1919. Then —- 39 years ago ~— they resolved . “That the best interests of Can-

uctions of the burdens of custom taxation be -made. .

“That to these ends wheat, wheat flour and all products of wheat, the principal articles of food, farm implements and ma- chinery, farm tractors, mining, flour and sawmill machinery and repair parts thereof, rough and dressed lumber, gasoline, illum- inating, Lubricating and fuel oils, etc., nets, net twines and fisher- men equipments, and fertilizers, should be free from customs dut- ies as well as the raw materials entering into the same; that a revision downward should be made and substantial reductions should be effected in the duties on wearing apparel and footwear. and on other articles of general consumption (other -than luxuries) as well as on the raw material

the same: that the British pre-

such a man is needed by Mr.

ada demand that substantial red-,

entering into the manufacture of

have occasionally, landed him in hot water. And there’s still some doubt whether French Canada re- ‘gards him, confidently, as its Li- beral representative now that Mr. St. Laurfnt is stepping down.

«OTHER CHOICES

Hon. Lionel Chevrier: Form-

er Minister of Transport who

rates top marks for administra-

tive competence, Parliamentary

ability, oratory and ability to

speak French and English with

equal ease. Biggest strike against him is that his roots ‘are deep in Eastern Ontario, rather than Que} bec (he’s serving his ‘first term as MP for a Montreal district rid- ing). And there’s no certainty

that he would be generally ac- ceptable to Quebec.

I-Ion. Rene Beaudoinz Former Speaker of the House of Commons Would have been a natural for

the post except for two things.

His Quebec riding is located a- long the western bordersof the

province in the Montreal district, ' which would be a" break with tra- dition as far as the postof Que- bec deputy is concerned. And his prestige hit the skids with the pipeline debate and he has nev- er fully recovered from this polit- icalsetback. ." Mr. Pearson, in short, has no obvious choice. If the Liberal Par- liamentary group contains a poll- tical successor to Lapointe, Laur- ier or St. Laurent, he has not yet emerged clearly as such.

Yet there is little doubt that

Pearson and by the Liberal Par- ty at this juncture.

many varieties of rare birds. Its scattered tribal g r o u p s range from pygmies to six-footers, from wandering hunters to sett- led peoples skilled in building, weaving. and pottery. Many have never seen a European. ’

A /1953-54 expeditiion led by E. Thomas Gilliard for the National Geographic‘ Society and the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History returned with a spectacular pho- tographic record of Stone Age cul- ture. Among its collections were weird ceremonial ma ks, shell and feathered ornam nts, and flamboyantly beautiful birds of paradise.

In today’s economic life, ‘the once flourishing‘ traffic in bird- of- paradise feathers is no long- er permitted. Interest centers on such basic raw materials as oil, gold, silver, copper nickel. and co- balt.

Lately the Netherlands and Aus- tralian Governments announc- ed plans to exchange specialists in the interests of improving me- dical and educational facilities, and the development of hydro- electric power and other natural resources of New Guinea.

per cent, of the general tariff.

“That the Liberal party hereby pledges itself to implement by legislation the provisions of this resolution when returned -to pow- er.” ALL THE WAY

“We have gone in for free trade with the w orld.” quipped Mr. Sam Jacobs — “free trade with the world and 50 per cent better for Britain."

How did the Liberals keep their word to “implement by legisla- tion” these pledges?"

The answer is in an amend- ment which Mr. Crerar’s Progres- sive party moved to the first bud- get which the ‘Liberals brought down after they took office. This:

“That the Liberal party having been returned to power, the bud- -get proposals of the Finance Min- ister now brought down, based as they are mainly on the principle of protection in respect to' the ta- riff, are wholly inadequate to im- plement such‘ pledges by legisla- tion.”

Mr. Mackenzie King's only ans- wer was that 1919 tariff pledge was not a pledge at all, but only a “chart”, and Mr. Fi'elding’s the gay cynicism that a plat- form was “only something to get in on.

MAXIMS

Faith is to believe what we do not see; and the reward of this

iference should be increased 50

,faith is to see what we believe.

' America. It killed about 45.000

Deoith’ Roite Still Too High

l

NOTES BY

THE wit?"

This is pneumonia and iiiflu—[ enza weather. There are three times as many deaills from these two diseases during Jan. and February than during a summer month like August- Unfortunately, many P€Y50“5 these days mistakenly believe that_we don’t have to worry about the flu or pneumonia any more. With our modern drugs, they feel, these diseases no longer are dangerous.

NOT TRUE

This just isn’t true. The pneu- rmonia-influenza team is the sixth leading cause of death In

persons last year. That’s more than the total number of persons killed in motor vehicle accidents. Now don’t misunderstand. By using various anti-Pneulllmlla sera, then the sulfonamides, and, more recently, the broad- spectrum antibiotics, we have made great strides in combating the pneumonia-influenza death rate. But neither disease is licked yet——far from it!

ATTACKS VERY YOUNG

The very young are most_sus- ceptible to the ravages of either disease. Back in 1954,‘ the last year for which I have world _fig- ures, deaths among victims un- der one year were nearly 100 times higher than mortalities bet- ween the ages of 15 and 24. Preschool children and young adults appear to’ have benefited most from our fight against these communicable diesases. , Since 1900, doctors have slashed the mortality rates. about 95 per cent for children from one to four and for persons between 15 and 34.