PAGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

ltlornlng Daily (Founded In 1887a Authorized us Second Class Mail. P057- 01"" Department. Ottawa. President, fun A. Burnett; Vice-President, Wm. R. Burnett; Secy-Trcas" G. ltl. Burnett; 55"" and tlnnazing Director. J. R. Burnett; Associate Edlliil- Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Th0" the Weakest Ink."

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CIIARLOTTETO\VN. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1w

Fishery Conditions Ilompareil

cry-operatives have is Province to ities and elim-

Government loans and done much in recent years in th raise standards in fishing commun _ inate one old-time drawback I0 llle mdlls- try, which is apparently still bemQ fell Sdls‘ astrously in Newfoundland. The Western tar, published in Corner Brook, Nfld. devotesh a thoughtful editorial to this subleclr Pl9"'"9 l "l the time is now opportune for a radical move to eliminate the barter system WlIIClt has always operated to the detriment of both fishermen ("Id merchants

“ln fact," says the Star, "it would be Well ll" every Nevrfoundlandcr who is gainfully emPl°Y" ed to realize that the credit systemus his worst enemy. It is a deceptive and tricky affair which creates a fool's paradise and in mqflY cases destroys the incentive for better manage- ment of oncs personal affairs.

"Ono has only to journey around Newfound- land to realize the disadvantages of this system. Right from Water Street to St. Anthony and along the other shores of thegcountry can be seen fallen or tottering premises-mute evi- dence of an uneconomic trading system. Places where once great fishery supply fIOIICEPIIS "We in operation can now boost of nothing more than one or two small stores and yet the population has increased rather than decreased. The cause of these business recesses can not be entirely attributed to local conditions but rather to a system which, by its very nature, precluded any provision for the future. Thus one or two lean years was usually sufficient to force the fish- eries supplier into insolvency thereby exonerat- ing both himself and the fisherman who owed him the money from the obligation of paying their bills in full."

ln this Province, the Flshermen's Loan Board during the ten~year period Aug. 1 to 1936 to March 31, 1946, did $520,623 of business, including in loans to fishermen $245,550, l" loans to organizations $141,861, and in erec- tior. of fish buildings $92,861. A considerable proportion of these loans had been repaid at the time this report was tabled last session in the Legislature.

A still greater factor in improving condi- tiuns in this Province has been the fishermen's co-‘iperatives. The first such co-operative of which there is rccord in Canada was formed at Tignish in 1924, and the same year the lsland Legislature passed an Act permitting the in- corporation of fishermen's unions. Some thirty umons in all received charters, though only half of this number actually functioned successfully. The law as passed was loosely drawn, and in 1944 seven of the most successful fishermen's unions became incorporated under the general Co-operative Associations Act. One of the most remarkable cases of the influence of co-opera- tion on community welfare has been at North R'!Sl'1CO,——l'l1f1I1l(S to exceptionally able leader- ship, which is also, of course, a vital factor in commercial enterprises of all kinds.

Churchill's Best Season

As already noted in these columns, more wheat hos been shipped out over the Hudson Bay route this season than in any year since the 2,500,000-bushel terminal elevator operated by the Dominion Government first discharged grain into the holds of ocean steamers in the fall of 1931. The two-months season has clos- cd with tofzrl exports reaching nearly 5,000,000 buslrcls.

"The amount," says the Winnipeg Free Press, "is rial spcctacular, but it will greatly en- caurcg: pfilsofis of the Bay route who believe that a m lha c'<p:r:'i.c: c.‘ cnsthcr season to study, they will be able licltzr to appraise the physical prob- lcmz, including aids to navigation in Hudson Strait, viicrc the chicf l".::ards occur, and the possibility cf curbing rivcr ice within the harbor during 11'.‘ late fcll. In tires: ways, the nuvi. gotinnsc-zon may b: strctchcd out materially.

."'n:-. var, all s:v:'r stops will be of little avnl, as for as actually increasing the volume of freight is conccrncd, unless incoming cargoes can more nearly balance exports than they have eves done hil-hrta. This season imports were cgoin almost nzgligible. Tlicy amounted to 373 tcnr, which irtcludcd 193 tons of glass, 62 tons of rough costings, about the some tonnage in liquor, and eight tons of curling stones. Most vessels arrived in ballast. Ships cannot be ex- pected to come empty into even the finest nat- ural harbor in the vrsrld. Here is the ract of the problem of Churchill and the Hudson Bay route."

lTranium From Congo

Prospects of tremendous colonial wealth, for exceeding that of the 17th-century Spaniards or 19th-century British, are being dangled before tho Belgians by independent and antl-govern- ment newspapers which are still trying to pierce the secrecy surrounding the vast atomic poten- tial of the Belgian Congo.

It i1 claimed, on questioned authority, that the quantities of uranium which the United States has bought from the Belgian Conga in the last seven years alone represent six times as much physical energy as do the g-rofino re- ums of the United States. ,

lt has been claimed by a few writers that this enormous wealth in the main energy source of the future will sonsationally cliongo Belgium's hitherto modest role in world politics.

. 1935.

By an agreement mode early in the war, the entire uranium potential of the Congo, said to be at least 60 per cent of the world's stock, is reserved to the United States; and it was under; the termsof the agreement that the Congo pro-‘ vided the vital element of the atomic bomb which hurried Japan out of the war.

In spite of recent active campaigning by Communist members of parliament, great sec- recy is still preserved about the tcrms of the agreement with the Unitad States. lt is not known how long it lasts nor, officially, what is the price paid for the uranium itself.

- EDITORIAL NOTES -

lf the packers strike costs Ontario farm- ers $10,000 daily, how much is it costing our

farmers? I

H. R. H. the Duke of Kent, born this date His father was killed on active service, August 25, 1942.

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lt is predicted there will be a Provincial election this Fall to be followed by the Federal election next Summer or Fall. I if X I Education Week, Nov. X8, will be ob- served throughout North America. The general theme is "Education For The Sevcn Freedoms." l." Vi’ I k N lt is encouraging to householders and oth- ers who have.reccntiy introduced oil furnaces and cookers to learn on the authority of the Imperial Oil Co., that there will be sufficient fuel oil to keep up with the demand. R

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Mrs, Roosevelt's invitation to Foreign Min- ister Vishinsky to debate his war-mongering charges, and Mr. Vishinsky's refusal to comply

respective countries.

The Tulsa (Oklahoma) Tribune suggests that the time has come for the U. S. to make some offer of economic unity with Canada. Meantime, Maritimers generally would welcome the free flow of trade which would follow rc- moval or reduction of tariffs.

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The Maritime Synod of the Presbyterian Church got off to_a good start Tuesday night, followed by successful and interesting szderunts yesterday. Rev. Mr. Somers was receiving con- gratulations all round on his unanimous choice as Moderator. He presides with dignity, and rules with promptitude and efficiency.

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Mr. Gandhi threw in his hand as an apostle

of peace (says The Lcffcr-Rcvic-v/l: announced that there might be war of India against Paki- stan, because wicked Moslcms were killing many virtuous Hindus; did not mcntion any Moslcms having been killed by Hindus. "

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Hon. John Bracken has let himself go in the York-Sunbury elzction, and will b: receiv- ing congratulations ond encouragement from all sorely taxed citizens and business men. What he has said badly nccdcd to be said, and now others will summon up courage to follow in his

train.

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The forecast of Sir John Boyd Orr, dir- ector general of the U. N. Focd and Agricul- ture Organization, that more people would die in the next 12 months as a result of food short- ages in Europe and Asia than were killed in any year of the war, indicates how pitifully in- adequate is the contribution of such favored na- tions as our own.

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There must be something brewing in Brit- ish Labour Government circles when the Duke of Windsor, unaccompanied by his wife, has been

grzater volume is practicable. With ‘

the guest of his mother, Quccn Mary, and also visited his brother and succcssor the King. lt is generally understood the Duke and Duchess have been experiencing hard tims on the Euro- pcan continent since the Labour Government has shut down on remittances from hard-pressed Britain.

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A London firm has undertaken largo-scale production of now plastic lcnscs which have numerous advantages ovcr glass ones: Ihcy arc more transparent than glass, giving clcarcr vis- ion; they are less sensitive to hcat, and so less liable to mist; they weigh less and cost loss; be- sides all of which, they arc practically unbreak- able. _Th2y are cast in stainless stezl moulds, requiring neither grinding ‘nor polishing and arc described as being equal to the best ground loans. -

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Skylarking affords an outlet for high spir- its, especially when two or three kindred souls get together. That is what happcnzd in the case of Monty's famous beret, which, when he visited the military training schcol of Sandwich, was filched by six cadets and hoiztsd, appropri- ately enough, on the statue of a licn. Thcy got 28 days C.B., which will confine thcm to bar- racks over Hallowe'en, saving thcm prrhapz, from further ill-consequences on that night sot apart for n universal walking obrcad of" spirits, both visible and invisible, on mischief bent.

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l Feast of St. Denis, named St. Dionysius who has been sometimes stat:d errozirausly to be the first to introduce Christianity into France, but of all the Missionaries in Gaul he was the one who, preaching the dc:trin:s of the Crcss pene- trated farthest into the country, and fixed his seat at Paris of which he b came the first bishop, being put to dccth du. ng the pcrsccu- tion: of Valerian in 272. The l-rcnch adopted St. Deiils as their patron Saint, in tho same man- ner as the English chose St. Gzorgo. The guardianship of the two countries is thus ox- pmsed in -the chorus to the old ballad: "St. Georg: he was fer England, St. Denis was for France, Singing Honi soit qui mal y oense."

are both in strict accord with the mores of thcir'

THE‘ GUARDIAIS-Jltlélil-LYPIIEJLQYYL Notes By The Way

Most of us agree something should be done about. the mess the world is in — then go about. our

lawn business, hoping someone else will do Jl. - Kirkland Lake North- rrn News.

The colon and semicolon were |frst used in English literature In the 16th Century. In the case of Some careless ‘writers, they haven't been used since. St. Thomas limos-Journal.

The Vancouver doctor who, after research has suggested that polio is traceable to the eating of’ lm- pi-ripcirly cookcvl eggs. could be irlglit. Medlcal science says that ll is uliat we put into our stomachs that l5 the cause of many ailments some serious, some not. Therefore, ‘it scams reasonable to ihave 1t. pro- ven, after research that. any dis- ease could have its origin frrm that. szurcc. Eat ‘cm hard-boiled could becrmc a. household slogan. - Port. Arthur News-Cituonlcle.

Johnny‘: chocolate candy bu: and Alumnus chocolate ple have reach. (d a crossroads. Cocoa beans sold fcr less than five cents a pound 1n pro- war I939. Yesterday they were worth ~19 cents. Tlhe Increase Is roughly‘ 900 per cent. A dzzy 50 par rent rise has been scared in a shaft six wccks. Says one chocolate lllilllllflll'llll'£‘t'_ "You think other prccs have gone up? If they had kept pace with cocoa in percentage pains snce I939, wheat wouid now be worth $10 a bushel, butter $3.20 n pound, eggs $3.20 a dozen and rcund steak $3.60 a poLLnd." — Wnll Street Jotunal.

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt will re- meive from Queen's Unlverslty an honorary degree rit a speclal Con- vocation next January- This rem nds us of a Iicnrsny situation in I938 uucn Queen's franc-red the late President with a. Doctor of Laws degree. Queen's keeps on hand a limited supply of rich sllk LLD gowns “nth which to drape the shoulders of the degree rocipenls of the day. Alter the cercmonles, the gowns are put away 1n moth balls until the next convocation. But. President Roosevelt drove off after the degree-giving stlll wearing the costly slk gown, Peter. borough Exzimner.

A llttle white dog informally name-d Brakes was in s. shelter of Llze Philadelphia Soccty for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals today after more than forty-eight. licurs 1n 1h» blaikiicss of the c1ly‘s SlllJ\\’.1_\r funnels. I-le was trapped at .Il1c Allegheny Avenue station yes- lCTCltW by :1 society agent, tired 11nd liungri‘, army mid gray. When v.11 .cd he turned wliitc. Time and zrpriu for Iisro days, he had appeared ull the tracks in front. of the trains, slwving them up and disrupting sugczlules, only to disappear again, H s owncr is not kncvm. The name IBTJIRCS? From stopping the trains ufthn. New York Herald luuburic.

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When the American Society of Newspaper Editors was organlzczl some 25 years ago, Wllllam Allen ‘White was appointed chairman t.) ,d:*aw up n code of ethics. The 1'01- jU\\'ll1g your ho was called upon to wnake his report. The old sage of Emporia smiled blandly as he stepped to the platform. "Your tommittee," he said, "has nothing to report. as yet. We have spent the whole year trying to find the meaning of the word ‘ethlcs.”‘ To- ward the close of his speech he Iiecnme earnestly eloquent. "You tflllllOl. organize a code of ethics for a newspaper," he said, “because each editor must face hls own problems, and meet. them as hls uonssicnise dictates. You cannot draw up a code of how to be o. gentleman. If you are not a gentle- mnn you will nal; understand it, nnrl if you are n gentleman you do not. nccd one." — New Glasgow News.

“anti-d: mushrooms, at least. two or llxrc» ions. Deliver to Miss tinmy Atk nson, Institute or Mcd- lTfll and Veterinary science, Acl-"ln dc, South Australia. Not, ihzil Miss Atkinson 1s 11.1111. fond of ‘muslirocnis on ionst, notes science ISCTVlCO. Sire has a good scentiflc lICJSQII for waning such B. huge ‘quaniiy. Slir- 1121s found In the coin- l mcu mushroom that you buy in Lin; lm‘ 1111:» baskets n penclllin-llke irlrug “'11 cli s-lie states kills tuber- culosis germs In a test, tube, and

attacks a widcr range of buterta

than penicillin Itself. Now she wants 'l'1 make up :1 cuff clent quantity of lhrr now nntlblotlc to Iry It on Iguncu ply; Infected wth tuber- iculcsis. and .f they survive the lircatmcnt, than pcsslbly on volun- ‘lecr T. B. pat ants. The ccunmun imarkr-t mushroom (Psalllofa to l botanists) was only one of more than

2P0 vur (tics c-I fleshy fungi 1n lvrhich llfss Atkinson found antl- l bacterial activity. l l I l

Radlshes are responsible for the ncwrst. ndcllton to the chemical frimlly of antibiotics, or penlclllln- like germ-cllcclcng substances, says SrlJme Sci-v cc. Dr. George Ivan- ovlcs and Dr. Star-lien Hcavath of the University of Szeged. Hungary, announced in the journal, Nature, published ln London, the discovery of an nntlb all‘; compound in radish socd- It. will not. be useful 1n med- irlne. in its present form at. least, jl: .nu=e cxpcrlmcnts have shown l1. ‘in he pn sJnOus to animals. It. has ynlsn bern found tfghly active 1n rprcvrnrfng the germination af sricds nf various klnds of plants, Including czfimge and mustard. which are relatves of the radkh, as wr-II as members of the cucum- hrr rind grass femlfes. Bccaue the genrric name of the radlzh 1s Rnphantls, tho new snttblotlc has been named rorphsnln.

Newfoundland and N.B. By-Elections

(Montreal Gazette)

External Affairs Minister 5t. Laurent appears to have spent. u portion of this week denying a news story which had never been written. The apparent subject of his dental was a clespatch to The Gazette reporting that the New- foundland delegation was leaving Ottawa with details of unusually generous terms by which the lsland could enter Confederation as a 10th province, but that. the Govern- ment's preoccupation with the York-Sunbury by-electlon was hin- dering the course of true love.

All this. sold the Minister, was just not so. No attempt had been made to negotiate terms and lt. “as, thus, impossible for the dele- gates to be carrying any off In their brlefcases. Nor was the by- election is nigger In the union woodiplle.

M1". st. Lau cat's own definition c-f what the Newfoundland-Can- ads, representatives were doing over three long' months Is deserv- ing of attention. They were, he says “exploring as completely as we 'could on ~what terms union could be made to work In a prac- tical way." Nowhere does he sug- gest that. the exploration was l failure so It. would appear that the net result was the emergence of terms, no less; or just: what. the denied report had stated.

What do the Newfoundland dele- gates say? They are under the impression, rightly or wrongly, that they are returning In possession at the details of "about 95 DB1‘ cent of the terms."

1t goes without saying. of course, that. the formal Confederation of- fer. whenever made. Wlll be PW" ceded by the sounding of brass and the tlnkllng of cymbals.

Mr. St. Laurenvs assurance that. the York-Sunbury by-election ls not raising an ugly lleiifl l" l-lle Newfoundland negotiations . . . explorations that ls . . . Is timely. But It ls passing strange that. he should couple hls assurance with (l) an announcement that the for- mal offer (not to he confused with terms) would be made at. some moment following that try-election 11nd (2) a. reminder that. the Fed- eral Government. mlght, should Its candidate. Mr. Gregg be defeated, feel that. It should be “extremely prudent" 1n the terms the offer contained.

But even stranger was hls In- sfstence that. the Newfoundland terms are-or would be-no more generous than New Brunswick had received in Its entry year. Since no newspaper report. seems to have raised this issue In any way. shape or form, 1t. ls difficult, Io see 1.0 whom, or at what, this promise ls directed. It may be pUTElY c0- lncldental that the by-clertiondn question ls In a New Brunswick constltuency.

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Old Charlottetown (And 1111.1.)

EMPIRE LOYALISTS

Most. of the United Empire Loy- allsts who came to Prince Edward Island dld not arrive tlll 1784, the yfifll‘ after the great. influx to New Brunswick and Nova Scotln. In the spring, summer and autumn of 1783 not less than ten thous- and Loyallsts and disbanded troops came to Shelburne. N 8., at the head of the harbor of Port Raz- alr, with heady hopes of bulldlng a city which would some day out- strlp Halifax and be the capital of the Province. But; hard luck hounded the new colony and soon all but a small remnant dispersed to other parts. Cape Breton got many of them, and a number, at- tracted by the promises held out: by the Colonial Government of free tracts of Iimd, came to Prince Edward Island. Most of these made Bedeque their destination. 1n the Nova. Scotla Archives there 1s preserved a Muster Roll of dis- banded and discharged soldiers and Lioyallsts who with their fam- llles arrived from Shelburne and settled 1n Prince Edward Island, 26th July, 1784. It ls as follows: Loyalist, John MacDonald, wlfe, one chlld. 17th Regt. Drags. George Malby, wife. Loyalist, Wm. Wright, children. ' Loyalist, children. Loyalist, child. loyalist. children. Loysllfl, child. 17. Regt. Drags. Mooretleld, wlfe, 1 child. Refugee Loyalist, Sarah I" child. loyalist, John Breek: ‘.. Loyalist, Robert Elmer. Loyalist, Wm. Stalrman, wife, B children. 17th. Lt. Drags. John Bllfox. 87th. Regt. Dudley Wells. Loyalist. Robert I-Ianclcock. 17th. Lt. Drags. Thomas Gould. 17th. Lt. Drags. Thomas Chamb-

wIIe, 3

Jacob Sllcher, wlfe, 5

Nat. Wltherel, wlfe, 1

John Murray,

David Stisggs, wlfe, I

Richard

Palmer,

ers. loyalist, Lawrence Berry. loyalist, John Murray.

Loyalist, Andrew Eastman.

Loallst, James Wharf.

17th. Lt. Drags. Wm. Sauchis- back.

lsoyallstf Jessey Strange.

Ioyislisb Nathaniel Wright.

17th. Regt. of Foot, Richard Price.

17th. Regt. Wood.

17th. Lt. Drags. Richard Garrett.

Total, 26 men; 10 women; 11 children under ten, 11 children over 10 years.

No lot numbers are given but. all settled at Bedeque, where they received grants of land. This part. of the country hsd been at least psrtlslly settled by the French In 1751, and their church and reme- tery Md been on what. later be-

ot Foot. Joseph

came the llonuomm form.

The Strand l

(Art-hut Bush In London Calling), j From London's early days, the ‘road we now know as the Strand‘ has been of great Importance. Al- ways, 1t was the connecting llnk between the City of London and what was then the entfrely separ- ate City of Westminster; each so lndvldual that Steele, the elght- eenth-century essayist, wrote 111st their inhabitants were "as differ- ent from each other as those who