THE GUARDIAN

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w memory is weaker than the weakest ilk."

saruinav. JUNE iii. 1955

Not A Target?

This Province did not participate in the recent civil defence test because, in the words of an official release, ”it is not con-

-sidered I target area”. Presumably, our enviable status is due to the fact that we have no heavy industry or important mili- tary installations, which are supposed to be the chief attraction for bombing crews.

In the event of atomic war-or non- atomic war, for that matter-no one on” this Island is going to feel at all slighted if I, the big, death-laden bombers pass us by simply because we are not worth bother- ing about. But isn't the comfortable as- sumption a little on the naive side? True, l bombs of any kind cost a great deal of ; money, and it is reasonable to suppose lthat, by and large, they would be used where they might be expected to do the most. harm to war-making potential. How- ever, it is an unfortunate fact of history that an enemy sometimes acts on caprice Ind just plain oussedness as well as on sound military strategy. This happened on quite I number of occasions in the last war; and there is no way of being sure

'5. Ithat the practice has become obsolete. Then. again, the jettisonlng of bomb loads by crippled planes, regardless of location, is standard practice. How does anyone in -the Defence Department know for certain -that this Island will be excluded from any such inadventure or accident? We are, after all, only I few moments flying time from St. John's, Newfoundland, Saint ilohrn. and Halifax, all three of which are numbered among the likely targets.

The more one thinks of it, the more one is inclined to believe that in another war-which may the good LORI f0!'bld- the security of any community, however Insignificant militarily, will be relative and not absolute. Would it not be wiser to proceed on that assumption rather than on wishful thinking, even though this lat- lt-er, if and when the time comes, may turn out to be accurate?

I "The

Soviet Farm Problems

A review of current agricultural policy . J in Russia is oontained in the latest issue ; of Agriculture Abroad, I monthly digest 3 igued by the economics division of the l ' Canadian Department of Agriculturels marketing service. The economists note that the USSR has now abandoned its "biological" method of estimating grain production and has issued no 1954 output figures. This biological method estimated outiput on the basis of pre-harvest yields and did not take into account heavy har- vesting losses. In setting I. planned six- year goal to increase grain production 164,000,000 tons I year-the equivalent In wheat alone would be 6,625,000,000 bushels--the Soviet Government and the central comimittee of the Communist. party admit that present grain production does not meet the country's requirements. Agriculture Abroad quotes from s meech by Mr. Khrushchev that described fan some detail the problems now facing Soviet agriculture. "At present," said the Minister, ”we are still lagging seri- ously behind the level needed to satisfy the rqu-iraments of the country." On many collective farms, sows only pro- duce one litter. For half a year the farms receive no return from them de- , ,1 v qoite the fact that their upkeep involves much fodder and labor. "Intolerable mis- management" exists in beef production. Milk yvielm per cow had increased only

17 pounds instead of the "485 poun s en- visioned in the plan." However, Pravda

'- remarked, with what appears to be forc-

nned before or sdjolns land which is til- led today-though not highly productive. Major handicaps are the incidence of drought, I dust threat, inadequate soil and storage facilities.

To secure an eight-fold increase in corn production, a system of rewsrrh and penalties have been announced. Col- lective farmers and tractor drivers are promised 15 per cent of the corn harvest of 1955 - over and above their regular pay. The newspapers report numerous cases of fines and dismissals for errors in farm management. The Soviet Gov- ernment hopes to make further net pro- duction gains by obtaining fodder from the silaged stems of this crop.

In his latest address on the subject, Mr. Khrushchev said the 1955 new break- ing would make about 50,000,000 acres of new land available to Soviet farmers. Should the new land yield 16 bushels to the acre. the country will harvest an ad- ditional 20,000,000 tons of grain. Since the ministerial upset of Febru- ary 28,ithe USSR has changed men as well as methods. To augment and en- force its virgin soil campaign and the switch to corn, the Government has purg- ed the management of collective farms, replacing them with party members who will be directly responsible to the Krem- lin.

M. P.'s Pensions According to information tabled in the

will be in receipt of maximum pension of 553,000 under the Parliament Retiring Al- lowances Act, if unkind political fortune leaves them at home at the next election. These 53 have contributed the maximum amount required of 04,000 to the parlia- mentary pension fund.

There are 211 members contributing to the pension fund, and excess receipts over d-isbursments of the fund now stand at 31,325,745. Each member of the Com- mons participating in the plan pays 6 per cent of the first 04,000 of his or her an- nual sessional indemnity.

At present there are eight former members of the Commons in receipt of pensions under the Act. Since it came into force, Nov. 20, 1952, I total of 18 allowances have been authorized. Apart from the eight now receiving pensions di- rectly, six are paying on the instalment plan and two have entered the public service, with the result that their allow- ances have been suspended. Four of the eight M.P.'s receiving pensions are over 70 years of age, and the amount of their old age pensions, 55480 a year, is sub- tracted from their pensions as retired members of the Commons.

The government pays into the fund contributions matching those made by the members. The total amount paid former M.P.'s last year, including withdrawal allowances, was 349,199.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Battle of Waterloo, this date 1815. O O O

23 Sea Cadets from Britain are to tour Canada next month as guests of the Navy League of Canada. The trip is part M I policy developed by the Navy Lea- gue of bringing together the Sea Cadets of the Commonwealth in a spirit of empire brotherhood. Canadian Sea Cadets are at present on I visit to Britain.

0 O C

If Japan is going pacifist, In some re- ports indicate, the trend is certainly not being helped any by the student popula- tion. When Dr. Yukitoki Takigawa, Pres- ident of Kyoto University, banned I party which the students had arranged to mark the university's 58th birthday, he was im- prisoned in his office for ten hours. It took I strong police force -to get him out.

0 I 0

According to I Mission Board of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, both Hin- duism and nationalism are growing rap- idly ki India. Moreover, there has been I noticeable turning away from Christian missions in recent years. Perhsm this

ed optimism, "the solution in five or six 'years of colossal problems in agriculture H absolutely realistic and within the Iieans of the country."

Currently, the official plan to solve these problems is threefold. It provides for increased grain production per unit of land: the sowing of grain on virgin llld

Jfallow lands; and an increase in the acre- age sown to com, is relatively new crop '1" fhp soviet Union and, apparently, not I popular one among conserva-tive-mind- -ed farmers. Already, the digest reports. "'6'fflcial returns indicate that about 44,- 000,000 acres of virgin land have been plowed in the Urals, Kazakhstan and Si- berls. While the main struggle will be to

1 yields per acre, the USSR's ob-

jective in 1956 is to sow nearly 75.000.- ... an a "virgin" lend froiiiwtildi

I i;i!eun..I-or-Jo we 30-000-0001” i' - ;-Aunn

was to be expected. Missionaitiiet, haw: ieveir, can take some consolation from the knowledge that Christian influence has helped to build up whatever is good in ymodern Indian society. Even Mr. Nehru -has testified to that.

In the course of its periodical review of Canada's election laws, the Commons committee on privileges and elections re- cently brought in I proposal to lengthen the period between nominations and elec- tions from two weeks to three. Normal- ly, recommendations of the committee are almost automatically approved by the Home. In this instance, however, Op poeltlon Leader Drew objected that 'opln- ions dlffered in regard to the proposal, and that two weeks was adequate. Prime Mhlster St. Laurent. 0-(Peeing for once with his major opponent. intimated that the government would Iccept In amend- ment. The Commons. accordingly. Voted

for-et.slItliItwowuIusinurvIl,asst IUIO

House of Commons, fifty-three members -

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Anyway, Happy Father'snVDay!

PUBLIC FORUM

rkis ssfl-I II IDOI lo III dues- xlu Iy correspondents of question- If Interest. The Guardian I s In Issesssrlly Ildorse the angle: II wrrrnnnlldrllll

TEACIlERS' LICENSES

Sir,-Mucli has been written these days on the subject of edu- cation and I feel I'd like to con- tribute my nickle's worth. Having spent nearly I quarter century in school-rooms, I feel that it would relieve my conscience to make I frank confession-which might en- courage others to do likewise.

I attended Prince of Wales Col- lege in 1900 and received I fairly good mademit schooling for those days. but as for professional train- ing there was none. Having my Second Class license, I-went out to the country to teach at 3225 per year, which is perhaps more than I was worth. considering my lack of training. In those days summer Ind refresher courses, which should be I must for those staying in the profession, were unknown. By the way, I should point out that I am writing solely in the interests of the Island children, particularly those in our junior grades, where in my opinion the best teacher: from the points of adaptability and training are needed.

While visiting on the Island .I few years ago, I am proud to be able to truthfully say that many of the pi-e-school-age children, whom I had met in country dis- tricts, were Imong the brightest I had ever seen. But it made me sad to think of the poor chance these young people would have in the majority of cases, when sent to school.

Do not for I moment think that I am blaming the teachers for their lack of flttneaa in the field of teachlrlg. But let us compare the salaries of the most easterly Ind westerly Canadian Provinces. The average teacher in British Colum- his is receiving S3405. while in Prince Edward Island the average is 31335 I believe. Why this great discrepancy. particularly when the people of the Island Ire the wealthiest, per person per acre. in all of Canada? You could ask me. "Tell us, what are you paying your teachers in Alberta?" I am not proud to say that the average sal- Iry was only 32840 in 1952-53. This has had its u-percussion in that some 200 of our schools were either without teachers or badly over- crowded. However, we have de- termlned to correct this situation by raising the salaries and other benefits to I point where we will retain qualified men and women in the profession.

Another matter in which British Columbia has beaten us is in the qualifications of her teachers, 4096 of whom are university graduates. We here are aiming to reach high- er qualification. both academically and yl fessionally.

One fact I am ashamed of is that the majority of Island certificates and licenses Ire not recognized west of Quebec. One Island man said that the reason that the teach- er qualifications are kept so low is to prevent teachers from going afield and thus forcing the prov-l lime to pay living salaries. I hope rue: s statement is far from the

ac .

I am, Sir, etc, J. M. MCDONALD Eckvllle. Alberta.

0 jlte Woed 074” 1'!!! ORPIIANI

At five o'clock on April man

I met them making tracks, Young in Ild Abel Horn. With bundles on their backs.

Young lenjuliln is seventy-five, Young Abel. ssventy-uven- The oldest innocents Illve Beneath that April heaven.

I asked them I'll! "I0! hldled about '

With crabby looks and sour "And dogs your mother know

. out

At tb:minr:Irtkly hurt"

They stopped: and seowllng up It Each ':I.o'ok I led head.

And swan; on aim bitterly- As with III who tic III: "1-lomdsss. about the cu-tn-Iios Ne nevi to roam:

Bot matter, his son Ill

bl. " Asllsokssitliehssie.

-IDI-1-.

'membei's are called

, Hon. C. 6. Power

Ry Richard

l-rencn is neard more frequent- ly in the House of Commons. says Paul Frenette, chief of the French- language stenographic staff of Hansard official verbaitm record of the federal House.

Mr. Frenette recalled in an in- terview that only 10 years ago his two-man staff stood by as long as a month at a time without writ- ing a line in French. Now his staff. increased to three, handles daily business.

"It's all part of I growing biling- ual pattern in the Commons," he said.

Prime Minister Sf. Lliurenl re- plies in French to direct questions asked by members in that lang- uage.

INTRODUCED IN FRENCH

Opposition Leader Drew now formally introduces newly- ' cted French-speaking members of his Progressive Conservative party in French, although he spoke no French a few years ago. Mr. Fre- nette said.

Increasing use of French in rou- tine Commons business has helped create the pattern. .

"One example is the verbal iden- tification of members as they rise to vote during a Commons divis- ion." Mr. Frenette said.

Before 1949, French and English- speaking members were called "Mister." Today, French-speaking ”Monsleur" and English-speaking members. "Mister."

Prime Minister St. Laurent al- ways is identified Is "Monsieur."

"I can recall when Commons Clerk Leon J. Raymond. then just appointed. began the practice." Mr. Frenelte said. "He verbally identified Mr. St. Laurent as 'Monsieur' and all heads turned iii the prime minister's direction. ex- pecting I reaction I imagine. But today this is all accepted pract- ice."

PATTERN WIDENEII

The bilingual pattern has been widened by Speaker Rene Beau- doln. who represents the constit- uenc of Vaudreull-Soulanges. near Mon real.

He greets official Commons vis- itors in both languages and hands down rulings in the language used by the member he addressed. when addressing the entire Com- mons. he-speaks In English.

Steady customers of Hansard's French section are three Quebec province members who rarely speak English: J. Wilfrid Dufresne, Progressive Conservative member for Quebec West. and Raoul Paulin and Paul Gagnon. Independent members for Beauce and Chicoul- iml, respectively.

Most talkative is the fiery little member for Quebec West. Dr. Paulin, I physician, speaks the fin- est French in the Commons. Mr. Frenetle said.

There was I time when French-

' ,, members limited speech- making in their native tongue to the debate on the speech from the throne and on the budget, the sessions big showpleces of oratory.

QUESTIONS IN FRENCH

are asked English- irilnlster. and

But today questions is French. And some speaking cabinet

Bilingual Pattern At Ottawa

Daignaiilt

Canadian Press Staff

R. Knight CCF-Saskatoon and .Ioliii Dickey L-Halifax. parlia- mentary assistant tu Trade Min- isler Howe.

P. E. I. Ferry Service

("A F. C." in The Financial Times) OTTAWA.-What's this I hear about making I ferry terminus at Georgetownn for Prince Edward Island's long suffering populace?

I write as a mere Upper Cana- adian and risk the chance of being accused of not knowing what I am talking about.

Bu the facts appear to this re- tard Canadian to be as follows: The Canadian National oper-

ates a fair to medium service to the Island via Borden to Cape Tormentine. But it seems never to quite keep up with the traffic. especially in summer.

The privately operated service from Wood Island to Pictou County needs some subsidy and it could happen that it would be bought out by the federal authori-

165.

But if they buy out this system then there is talk - at least here in Ottawa - that the Island ter- minus may be moved. Then if it is moved, the chatter has it that Georgetown is being seriously considered. Once upon I time Georgetown was quite I place, sad when I went to school in darkest Ontario, we learned it as one of the three big places on the Island. Those down in Kings also put in I kind word for Souris. But Souris is loo long I run for the average motorist and Georgetown is geographically better. Or so they say.

Naturally. the logical place is Kensington, home town of Watson MacNaughi. only trouble with the Parliamentary Assuiafanfs home town is that it is not on the water. And when you run I ferry service water usually helps.

However now is the time of

year that the Spud Islanders should start hollering. Pressure counts up here too, and Minister Marler is I mild and I ” fellow. Certainly, we owe something to Prince Edward Island these days and I real good ferry service should be given them.

SEEK FIRE CAUSE

TORONTO (CF) m The police arson squad Thursday sifted through charred debris of I down- town factory seeking clues to the cause of I fire which raged for three hours Wednesday night and caused an estimated 3200.000 dam- age. More than 50 firemen fought the blaze which giutted the one- storey plant of l' ” P ” t

nae to understand readily that he

Medically Speaking l

lssnIIll.lIIlIssI.I.lI.

IAIY EOE IXPIADRING IIAND-NEW WORLD

is A menial 3: under-

tlilngandwhatyoucaiidosbout it inlxlit help matters.

NItIu'Il Clrlellii

Your ' younlll-If Cl!” satisfy his natural curiosity mere- ly by looking. He's had to be con- tent with watching and ustenlns and occasionally trying out I few things in his mouth for some time. By creeping time. usually about 10 months of Ice, he must touch things to learn that some are rough. some are smooth. some are hard. others 'are soft; some rip and tear, while others do not. Only by actually feeling things can lie learn.

Don't expect I baby of creeping

can touch some things and not others. Keep your prized possess- ions well beyond his reach.

Explore Ind Lear-I

Slapping his hands and repeat- edly telling him not to touch cer- tain lhings wonlt solve the prob- lem. It may keep him away from these objects when you are with him; but once he's Ilone he'll probably be unable to resist the desire to touch what is forbidden.

Then again, punishing him might curb his natural tendency to ex- plore and to learn. You don't want to destroy this desire. Just remem- ber, it's your job as parents to see that your baby doesn't get into trouble. not to punish him after he does get. into it.

llll door 215,108 times II twelve hours.

leading hat maker, said ,"The in

year 880.

V I NOTES av THE-WAiYfl

gr

..I I announced that boy on I .mp- spectator.

or nearly lielf Is In Ictlve inIr's dI)'--

gift? rift

Usoilpleylsest issuance Is es- Ictly that.-fiisiiranoe. It's suppos- edtoprotectsllofusagslnstthe black day when we're out of I jobftlssupposodtotldouswer

job. It lsnft supposed buy I cluster- fleld suite for the bride who never lntends to work lllin. And it isn't supposed to provide intermit- tent vacations for characters who are allergic to work. But because it's being tricked into doln: both of these things its cost is higher than t ought to be. and its benefits do It extend to cover some of those who really need it.-Vancou- ver Province. i

The men's ks: Industry is worry- ing about I rabbit shortage. A

it

follow the cyclists for whatever distance is necessary: to insist on passing 1),, cyclists on I narrow road and against oncoming traffic is to in. Vite disaster. And on I hill, it would appear but if cyclists walk, for it is difficult to keep I bicycle on I straight course while riding uphill and any deviation might carry the cyclist into the path at I ssing car. The open road .5 made for cyclists as well as for motorists and there is room for both if common sense, courtesy, and patience are employed, nut In outing that is full of hazard contains little pleasure for any. one; it is for cyclists and motor. lsts alike to ensure safe travelling on the highways.-Ottawa Citizen. :

dustry soon must face up to the shortage of wild rabbit fur. which is the principal raw material used in makng quality for felt ban." Because of diminishing supplies. wild i-Ibbll. fur is currently selling at more than twice whst it did I other sources quoted typical rabbit skin prices at 81.75 a pound, compared with 65 cents less than I year ago, and trim- med pelts at 38 I pound. com-

Hls Shelf

Teach your baby which things he can have and which he can't. For instance, he'll probably grab magazines off I low shelf or table and promptly rip them apart. Place some old newspapers on this low shelf for him to play with or tear as he pleases. Little by little he will learn that this shelf Ind the things on it are his. He will know the other shelves belong to mama and daddy. And he will leave them alone.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

H. 'I'.: What precautions could be taken to prolong the life of I 68-year-old woman who has In enlarged heart?

Answer: The main thing in pro- longing the life of I person afflict- ed with heart disease is the avoid- ance of mental Ind physical strain at all times. It is important for the patient to get plenty of rest and sleep and to avoid overeating Ind. of course. to be under the care of I physician.

The Age Old Story l

And Jacob said. Nay. I pray thee. if low I have found n-Ice. II sky sight. thes receive my; present If my hand: for there-' fan I have seen thy face. as, though I III! sees the face ell God, and thou wast pleased wltlil me.

COSTLY STRUGGLE

BONN (AP) - The West Ger- mans have added up their cost of the last war Ind found It came to about 3100.000-000,000. A govern- ment spokesman gave these figures in announcing that the cabinet had approved the draft of I msulve law providing for settlement of Nszl war loans. compensation for property damage, pensions for war widows, orphans. cripples and vet- orsns.

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