CHARUOTTETUWN

{AGE

FEBRUARY '1. 194s

‘i... so UCA 110m

_____ M

F7

ins GUARDIAN,

L HORIZON,

pgESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

I

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

CT}, NATIONAL OFFICE REACI-IES FIRST ANNIVERSARY

n, ‘he January News Letter of c '1‘ F. Secretary, Mr. Cros- wy reviews the all! W!" “w” i“ iiln the framework 0! "l8 setup at Ottawa. uotation will be Treasurer

m” ltirtionnl not)’ Those words l" ll rho" or the FSecretary a C. . . dash“; of the most pleasant and t fruitful developments has m” ti"; close co-operation and been i] contacts which have been "filmhaa between ,. rsonnel of m" lfiiitiflill agencies as the Film mm M i tiie Canadian Broadcast-

Bonrslfi-llllfilllflfl and the Canadian mg~hpf(‘ Federation. These have Tcnutlh.“ m greater efforts to focus T: attention of the Canadian pub- ‘? l»... problems of education mdviI. iriiie about an appreciation a‘ ‘i... difficulties and active sup-

ii: overcoming them- n-ri... press of Canada hll. ‘QB been most co-opera w l" “up ,1“; our programme and rEpM-nii. our activities.

".\l iii» national level, our pro- gssiiuii li-IS been honoured by the (‘llf'f‘ of Cabinet Ministers at aur illnvilflns and the delivery on such f)t‘i‘Z\Sl0f‘iS of addresses of out-

tiiiiii‘ 'llll\lll.\'~ "l-“Ftdliv dny the people of Can- “, M; growing more conscious of y” importance of the role of the Ieachei n. bulldIllB a strong Cun- mflt it mic of our responsibilities

r. {irniesslonal organization to pdumitr- the public to recognize the wmmnn factor in the purposes of mgr various professions and to convince all concerned that the eco- l0lfllt‘ return to well-trained teach- m llllf) are entrusted with a large

m; \\ iiaic.

pres

measure of the intellectual and moral development of our future citizens must be brought more in line with that of the other profes- sions.

"One cannot review the past year's activities without being im- pressed by the international aspect of our work. . . The need for unity Is obvious.

"Through our participation in the work of UNESCO, we have made a specific contribution to teachers and children in war-devastated areas. Approximately 800,000 children re- ceived aid in the form of school supplies, and in addition, food and clothing were provided for 5,000 teachers.

"The Canadian Teachers’ Federa- tion ls a national member of tho World Organization of the Teach- ing Profession which is in a posi- tion to bring the views of teachers forcibly to the attention of UN- ESCO.

"As we review the past year and approach the present programme with an eye to the future. there is one factor that stands out as es- sential to the success of any of our undertakings. That factor is UNITY. . . The measure of our strength is the degree of our unity.

“As we move forward to achieve our objectives and to bring the force of Canadian teachers‘ opinion to bear on national and interna- tional issues, we need unity.

"in calling for unity and a na- tional spirit, we. at the same time, reaffirm the stand that the control of education shall remain with the provinces. The importance of keep- ing government close to the people applies in our professional organiza- tion as elsewhere."

SALARIES

1i.» tininrin Secondary Teachers’ “aeration at its annual Assembly in UPFPIIIIIPI’ arrived at the follow- in; saint-y objectives as a reasonable

Fin I'll" Ontario Secondary {hunts Tnrnlilil, Hamilton. Ottawa, Wind- V.“ ran-ion as maximum for y.“ ‘iflllilfi. 13m.- .- i-viilrcs employing 20 teach- W.O 1i. ‘il-i-iid Organization of the

‘Qaghitli Profession at its 1949 dele- [ltd riuembly will be one of un- Isusl importance. M3101‘ qlleil-h“!

Qrpiiyilziiiltiill and structure will Eiseiliitl fnr some time to COIIIOr flirt.» -...ii he a discussion of na-

ers or over $4.500; centres employ- ing 4 or fewer teachers, $3.500. Al- lowance for specialists’ qualification

$200 extra: minimum salary, at least $2,000. Annual increment. $200

Many schools have already given considerable lfiCfEiLPS, either by way of salary or of increments. which are usually $200.

.T.P.

tional teachers‘ organizations: their purpose, structure, and work. A third feature will be a discussion on the ways in which education can help to make and preserve peace- ful relations among nations. Can- adian teachers make the eighteenth group of this W. O. T. P.

PUBLIC RELATION-S

An togicllflfi‘ organizations carry an a \rr_\' active campaign to keep his piiliiiv niid teachers cognizant st ti» \iifll work of education. hst lilflfllll, we noted in this re-

rt that Saskatchewan had con-

udcii a public educational Con- krorce on the LaZerte Report on lhs SP-Iiis oi’ the Teaching Profes- sion. Tho t‘. 'l‘. F. News Letter for he month n! February gives a full

each province. The FORUM of New Brunswick Education, publish- ed monthly by the Department of Education. is distributed free to teachers and members of School Boards, and brings reports of the activities of various educational groups, departmental plans and progress, to all communities in the province. In Prince Edward Island. the P. E. I. T. F. Educational Pub- licity Committee looks after public

lccouiit of thc work being done by

The Canadian Teachers‘ Federa- Qori filtered its services in any

The Canadian Education Associa- sn Information Service reports t Protestant SchooIVBoards in ‘ ebcc have now on hind 54 (WVILODIIOS. These are bu!" WW1 tors at the back and skil 0!‘ eels at the front which can tra- l without difficulty through snow 08p enough to hinder the pro- ess Ill regular wheeled vehicles. Dur-iiu the school year, 1947-48. ova St-eiia increased its grants to dLICIlllf"! by almost one and a sit million dollars.

lii the same province curriculum

Match the meanings below with s words above by insertion in t blanks:

l. Incredible I. Fivhilarntlon i. Ecstasy 4. inveterate f. Orrttlon B. Nnicotic 7- Wfiietrntor l. ilssitiuously

. tmirilu-omise . \I-I>i

I. Iiiiticur

2

. Postcrlty l3. Placata 1A. Vcracity lit. Pedestrian it. Facility 17. I'm-loin 1R. Chttrlttinn m Aiiwrity m Tflrotechnlcs -- Pl- \ vndor 91’. Perturb m- Harbinger i E4. liaronteur ___. -5- Penury 7f?- Alltlur g- Pflrslnioniousk-a ‘

. Avnrico -_.

I'll Planner.

u’) Sher-ch.

‘Pi Intrinsic. lnanosslbia,

a

m Glazggtlier of pain. Ii) All excuse.

i?" Unbelievable.

‘I Certain.

t ) 3W3: nsree by each party glv.

N‘) somewhat.

"I cfisitate.

‘"0 Carefully.

m Gm" Ilflpniness ""11 rotted.

,2) Xuberangg,

If "My tells: (fl rlvfl,” u (t) 3am ‘_“.h"'~'-

relations.

THE MONTREAL STRIKE

mediation that might help to bring the impasse to a satisfactory con- cluslon.

C.E.A. REPORT

revision is taking great prominence. It is being started at the element- ary level. A Committee has been set up, consisting of: Assistant Sup- erintendent of Education, two pro- vlnclal inspectors of schdols, two assistant supervisors of City schools, three teachers, two lay representatives. and eight ex-officlo specialist unembers. with the Di- rector of Curriculum acting as secretary. Three smaller commit- tees, consisting largely of active teachers. have been formed for the study of reading. social studies. and arithmetic.

VOCABULARY DRILL

(x) Fireworks. (y) Agltatl.

(s) Please.

(as) Descendants. (bb) Seller.

(cc) One who walks. (dd) Messenger. (ee) l-‘oreteil.

(ff) Roushness. (gg) Steal.

(hh) Malice.

After each of the following sen- tences write "T“ if the statement is always true, "F" if it is always false and "A" ifit is true only in special cases.

1. An angle formed by two per- pendicular lines is a right angle.

2. A line parallel to one of two parallels is perpendicular to the other.

3. If two perpendicular lines are cut by a transverssl, the alternate angles are supplementary.

4. An angle formed by two psrsl-.

lei lines is s straight angle.

5. A line perpendicular to one of

two parallels is perpendicular to the other. ,6. If two parallel lines are cut by a transverse]. the interior angles on the same of the trsnsversal are equal. _

7. A line perpendicular to one cf two perpendioulsrs is parallel to the other.

8. 1f two parallel lines are cut by a tratisverssl, the alternate angles are supplementary.

0. If two lines in a plane have the same amount and direction of rotation from a transverse], the two lines are parallel,

10. 1f two lines in s plane are cut- by. a trsnsversal. the corre-

. epondlng angles are equal.

11. If the vertical angles formed by two in‘ rsecting lines are right angles. the lines are perpendicular to each other.

If two parallel lines are cut b7 l I-Plllllflflll. the blseciors of either pelr of corresponding angles on the same side of the transverse!

are perpendicular to each other.

After each of the following state- ments write T if the statement is

is false.

1. Elusion and illusion have the same meaning.

8. Factlous means of or pertain- ing to fact.

3. Lenient and weak are syn- onyms.

5. Pair, pear and pare are not homonyrns.

Sore throat is usually the first symptom in patients over a year old. In very small children it is Kilt to be croup. In the latter there may be no patches showing, but in the former they can always be found in "typical” cases either on the throat itself. the tonsils or the palate-sometimes on all of them. Some cases look like simple tonsilitis. In naval cases discharge from the nose occurs which usually excoriates the upper lip and may be bloody.

Dipththeric croup simply means diphthcriivof the larynx. It is an exceedingly dangerous form of dis- ease. Method of Infection. Contact

QUICKSILVER

The only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures. It is a heavy tinny-white metal with a tendency to separate into globules. lt amalgamates easily with other metals. Although mercury some- times is found uncombined. the main supply for commerce comes from cinnabar (sulphid of mercury), a cochineal-red mineral. Spain, Aus- tria and the United States have been the big producers, so far, of this metal.

The peculiarity of mercury com- pared with other liquids is that its molecules have a very powerful attraction for one another. We see this same attraction when water forms in drops. If we put a drop of water on a piece of blotting pa- per. the attraction of the surface of the paper for tho atoms of wa- ter is greater than their attraction

' THE FRENCH

Absolutism in France and its overthrow; a despotic monarchy, the king was the state. he made

the laws. No longer a parliament in France. Nobles and clergy were exempted from heavy taxes on

land. a burden which fell heavily on the shoulders of the peasants. The great land-owners lived ex- travagantly at court, his interest in his tenants was purely mercen- ary: the extravagance of the king and the uneven taxation resulted in a huge deficit. The National As- sembly met In 1789, to solve the problem. instead it brought on the Revolution.

New ideas of Liberty and Equal- ity. and Rule by the People: Voi- taire told in his writing how the English landowner took a practical interest in his estate. his farm and his tenants and contrasted him with the French noble who squan- dered money recklessly at court.

Countless pamphlets were writ- ten about these new ideas of "lib- erty". The coffee houses were jam- med with people llstening to fiery

I-le was given his farm by the seigneur and paid his rent yearly on Michaelmas in poultry, eggs or grain for his and for his front- age on the river. He must work for the selgneur three days a year without pay. I-le must take his grain to the seigneur's mill to be ground into flour and for his service the seigneur retained one-

Note the movement of the poem. The whole poem suggests the gal- loping of a hunt. but certain sec- tions ‘show excited preparation, in- creased movement as the hunt gets close on the stag. renewed move- ment. less certain of success as the stag breaks away again. Try to spot these changes. You may have to read aloud several times to do

so.

1. What time of year was it? Early autumn: "When the pods went pop-and apples began to be golden skinned."

2. Who were Tinkerman's Pup and Bell-of-the-North? The chief hounds.

3. Explain: for the, lcent lay will,

The pace grew liot. and the

Suppose all the animals that have ever lived and died on the earth were lying about on the ground,

what a horrible world this would be.

Nature has cleared sway the dead. because nature cares only for the living. How does nature clear away dead creatures?

1. By flies, carrlon birds and animals like the coyote and wolf.

2. By'decay, which carries off dead stuff into the sir, as water vapor and gas.

3. By the growing gran, which gradually covers the bones with sod.

Suppose that all the foul sir that we‘ breath out. end all the smoke from our chimneys. stayed .'ciose about usi We should very soon be

Thus beetles with their gorgeous armour of green and bronze st- iack gardens, orchards and fields. This beetle begins its depredqtions in June and July. They est the leaves of fruit of manycultivated plants including raspberries. black- berries, apples. cherries corn. red clover, roses. elms. birchss and oaks. When they have eaten -sil they need they lay tiny white eggs in the earth. When the grubs hatch out they est roots. This does much

damage to lawns during the late

true; write false if the statement »

' posure of onset. contain no

TRUE OR FALSE

6. Canvas and canvass have the pams meaning. 7. A casualty is also a fatality. l. A reprlsal is the same as a reprieve.

9. Gesture and gesticulation are synonyms.

l0. Personal and personnel are p-onounced alike.

11. Blannual and biennial have the some meaning.

12. The prefixes ante and anti may be used interchangeably.

DIPHTHERIA

with a previous case or carrier. Discharges from nose and throat contain infection. Milk may con- vey infection. Often spread through mild, unrecognized cases, or by per- sons harboring the _germs of the disease. though giving no evidence of having had an attack of diph- theria (carriers).

Isolation of Patient. Until two successive cultures from throat and nose at least 24 hours apart, the first taken not less than one week from date subsequent to last ex- diph- theria bacilli; If diphtheria bacilli are present after 5 weeks from date of taking first release culture, case may be considered a carrier.

OR MERCURY

for one another, and so the drop of water is broken up, and the wa- ter wets the paper.

But though a drop of mercury is a true liquid, it will not wet the paper. Even if it is split up it simply splits up into smaller balls or drops. This is because the molecules of the mercury have a much greater attraction for each other than they have for the sur- face of the paper. s

Mercury boils at 357 degrees centlgrade. As mercury in the tube will freeze at about 40 degrees be- low zero in the Fahrenheit ther- mometer, alcohol coloured red is used in the thermometer in ex- tremely cold places. The alcohol thermometer cannot be used for temperatures above its boiling- point. which is S0 degrees centi- grade.

REVOLUTION

speakers. The people were starving for want of bread. the harvest had

failed and the government was bankrupt. The National Assembly dlsssed the "Declaration of the

Rixhts of Man.” All men born free and equal: the People is the State and the Sovereign. The old feudal system and bad laws were com- pietely abolished. "Liberty, Equal- ity. Fraternity". was to be their watchword. A new Era-Democracy or the Rule of the People-had be- gun and the new ideas travelled rapidly throughout Europe.

Bastile was stormed July 14, 1789; Chateaox of nobles attacked and destroyed all over the provinces; September 1792, terrible massacres of people thought to be enemies of the Revolution. Louis XVI guil- lotined, followed by a reign of ter- ror. Queen also guillotined. Ex- Lremlsts beheaded anyone who was suspected of working against the Revolution. The terror raged from September 1793 to July 1794; its leaders were Danton, Marat, and " bespiene.

THE l-IABITANT

fourteenth of the flour as a fee. When a new hsbitant took posses- sion, he pald the selgneur a tax of one-twelfth of the value of the farm. Very friendly relations ex- isted between them. This system was beneficlal for a new colony be- cause there was protection and help for all against enemies. cold and hunger.

THE RUNNAILE STAG

runnable stag goes _right ahead. The hounds began to travel fast for the scent was heavy and easy to follow and a runnable stag picks the easies‘ road.

4. What happened to the stag? He made for the ocean and swam until exhausted then drowned. .

5. What picture dolwe form of the stag? The picture is somewhat in- distinct. but we know it was a large stag, swift of foot and with five horns.

6. Does the writer intend us to pity the stag? No.

7._ Do you consider the satisfactory? Yes. The stag rath- er than be caught and killed by the hunters took his own life after making every effort he possibly could to preserve it. '

s.

HYGIENE

unable to breathe any more. and so die of suffocation. How'does na- ture prevent that? By the winds which blow the foul air away over the seas, and bring us a constant supply of clean, pure air.

The rain helps too, by washing the soot out of the air, by wash- ing awby rubbish and dirt from the hillsides. fields and roads; by washing dust off the buildings, the trees and the grass. Much of the earth's surface dust and rubbish is carried off by the rain into the streams. then into the rivers and on to the sea.

What about the old trees, the old leaves and the dead grass? The air carries off part of them, too, in vapour and gas, and what is left of them turns into the good black soil that you find in the bluffs.

JAPANESE IEETLE

summer. They spend the winter underground passing through the pupa stage.

Their native land is Japan. Here thoy are not a pest because they have natural parasites that prey upon themiand because the Japan- ese practice such ‘ntsnsive cultiva- tion, but in America they are a serious pest costing the farmers and gardeners-much money by their destruction. A few of them were found in the United States in 19l6.

They became such a pdst that the

80,000 Volumes In liew lisrvartl Lamont Library

ar JAMES r. arms

CAMBRIDGE. Mass, Feb. d — (AP) — Building s. first class libr- Iry horn scratch sounds simple, doesn't it. Well, it isn't.

You need about 8l.000.000. a. lot of scholarship, some detecWe a- bility and plenty of hard, head work.

A gift from the late Thomas W. Lamont, New York banker. made ‘possible the new Lamont library at Harvard College. Stocking it. with 80.000 volumes was left to the college.

Harvard is placing emphasis in reading for recreation and study. rather than research. .

TWO Years’ planning went beyond Katherine the books themselves. There are lounge chairs for re- laxed reading; study alcoves, a. 100B "library table" with um chairs; smoking rooms on every floor and a typewriting room,

Librarian Edwin E. Williams got Off to a coed amt in shaping the new IIIJTHYY. Two famous reading rooms in the big Widener Library at Harvard - long favorites among the undergraduates — were moved to the Lamont ‘Library They are the Farnsworth Room and the

Wvfidbsrry Poetry Room. Both 5D€claIizc in reading for enjoy- ment.

Cum“! “ndefsraduate libraries

at Harvard and editing the "Shaw P? of books for college libraries e‘ °"I-‘f 40.000 t0 so in reaching g3 firrint Librarys aim of S0._

Research Secondary

The professors were then called in. They compiled their lists — always remembering research needs were secondary. The Widener Library filled the bill for research at Harvard.

SCOui-ing of second-hand book- stores lh Bostoml Philadelphia and New York led to 2.000 out-oi’. Drint books. The search continues for 3.000 others.

Sixteen pcr cent of Llie books iti this new library -- 5,883 of them —- are on English and American lllr-‘rflturr: 4.99s on government and economics.

None of the natural science has more than 1.000 books in the llbr. ary.

There arc more books on religion — 1.284 — than on philosophy - 1.264.

The sits —- classroom studies for some students ibui: pastimes for others — see 1.377 books on music, 3S7 on architecture, 9B2 on

the theatre. Only 3'10 ooncbrri Latin; 4'74 Greek. Just moving the M000 books

into the Lamont Library provided a back-breaking job,

Berk 1n 1775. a professor packed up the entire Harvard College llbllify alone and carried the books off to make room for General Geflrse Washington's troop-