Ehc Tfiiiardian

P“N(iJsI>n\'Fedr| Prince Edward Island Like the Dew - every week-day morning at 165 Prince Street Charlottetown, P.E.I.. by the Thomson Company Ltd. 1: A. Burnett, Publisher and General Manager Frank Walker. Editor Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Member of The Canadian, Press

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MCTNDAY, Jan., 6, Isis?

No Soil Bank

The United States’ soil bank pro- Igham, under which farmers are paid so much an acre for keeping good land out of production, was an experiment in surplus-control. It was believed that, if farmers could make, say, $3000 a year on idle land, they would not go to the trouble‘ and expense of ' raising wheat or cotton on_ it. It. seems,- however, that the -plan has failed to such an extent that some mem- bers’ of the Congress are wonder- ing_whether it ,»'would not be better to do away with the program al- together. Surpluses are still accum- ulating; and much of the land that was set aside is deteriorating from lack of use and attention, although the original idea was_to keep it in good condition against the time when it might be needed.

From time to time the suggest- ion has been made that some kind of program resembling the soil bank might be worth considering in Canada. So far, no government has seen fit to introduce any such legislation, and it is to be hoped that no government ever Willi Canadian farmers are entitled to a fair in- come. They are entitled to share in the country’s' prosperity, at least to the extent of achieving a rea- sonable standard of living. Some way must be found of bringing prices for farm products into a fair relation to the, costs of operation. Price supports, when necessary, are economically sound;’ and they should be strong enough. to protect the farmers from market slumps. A sound farm economy is essential not only to the farmers but to the

PAGE 4

‘entire nation. But a soil bank has

nothing to commend it. In‘ fact, there ,:_seems to be something immoral about keeping good land out of production, surpluses or no sur- pluses.

Surely there is plenty of need for the. food which every acre of Canadian soil can possibly produce»

The problem is to get it to hungry

people—more than half of the world’s population. That is a pro-

‘ blem for Governments. No one pre-

tends that it is an easy one to solve. But solved it must be, if the demo- cratic way of life, about which we in the Western world talk so much and which we prize so highly, and rightly so, is to keep its friends in Asia and Africa, let alone make new ones.

Yukon Election The first change since the gener- ‘ al election of last June in the stand- ing of the parties in the House of

' Commons at Ottawa was reported

recently from the farthest ‘riding in the country and it went‘ in favor of ' the government. Erik Nielsen, run- ning on behalf of the Progressive Conservatives in the riding of the Yukon, defeated his Liberal oppon- ent, Aubrey Simmons. Thereby, he reversed the result of the polling six months ago, when Mr. Simmons, after trailing in the voting at home, went into Parliament as the service- men’s vote wiped out Mr. Nielson’s election day majority.

, As a result of this voting, the administration headed by Prime Minister Diefenbaker counts 113 members of the House to the right of the Speaker, giving it a margin of nine over the official Opposition, represented by the Liberals. The government remains in a minority when its support is compared with that behind all others than Pro- gressive Conservatives and whose combined total is 152 members. In theory, therefore, the party in _pow— er could be defeated by a united op- position, an event which shows no. immediate evidence of developing-

Line Busy!

Alaskans talk over the telephone more often. than any other people in the world. In 1956 they averaged 630 calls per person, thus out-talk- ing the Hawaiians, the 1955 cham- pions, who last year recorded 531 conversations each. These are some of the facts revealed in “The World’s Telephones” an annual report pub- lished by the American Telephone and Telegraph Co.

Other facts in the survey are as follows: Canadians, who took third place in the “talkathon”, marked up 481 conversations per person, Swe- den 455 and the United States 426. The world average is only 51.

Respecting telephones in use, the United States leads the world with 35.45 phones for every 100 persons. Sweden comes next with 31.50 and Hawaii third with 30.10. Alaska, the home of the busy talkers, is in 11th place with 17.52 per 100 of the population. On a city basis, Wash- ington, D_.C. took first place with

‘65 phones for every 100 persons. The highest ranking city ‘outside the United States was Stockholm with 56 per hundred. Only two Commun- ist countries were included in the report. The citizens of neither do much talking over the telephone. Hungary reported 3.55 for every 100 residents, and ‘Poland 1.37.

Britain's Economy, Britain has weathered a good

‘many economic storms in recent

years, and. there is evidence that she will come out of the current one in good shape. That is indicated in a report issued by the Organization for European Economic Co-opera-_ tion which has been looking into the situation. It says that at the present time the British economy is “in _a better state’ of balance” than at ,any other time since the end of the war. The improvement has been particularly noticeable over

the last year, especially in the im- ;

portant field of foreign balance. » On the domestic front, the gross

trade

domestic product—value of all out- ‘

put and services—is 2 per cent

' higher than it was a year ago, while

the total volume of fixed invest- ment is 4 per cent higher.

In the 'first and second quarters of T. 1957 capital expenditures: in manufacturing industries increased “markedly” over the same periods in 1956. Wage rates__rose about 5' per cent above the 1956 level. The report adds that before long— some time this year, ]!ritiaIn_’s foreign I exchange reg serves will be, at their highest post-

’ war peak, thus allowing ‘for relaxa-

tion of restraints on the domestic economy. ’

EDITORIAL NOTES T

The Agricultural Institute of Canada will take the agriculture implications of nuclear energy as the theme of its- annual convention in June. The convention will be held at Wolfville, N.S. ‘

‘ -a-‘~ it 4:;

Historic finds are still being made in_ the-_Old Country. A water gate constructed for King Henry III some 700 years ago to lead di- rectly from the River Thames into the ancient Tower of London has been unearthed in excellent con- dition under. the Tower.

i‘ * 1'

A Japanese inventor has perfect- ' ed a typewriter capable of writing Braille and the English ‘alphabet simultaneously. Fittingly, the first machine will‘ go to Miss Helen Kel- ler, the famous American deaf and

-blind lecturer and author.

iv -k 7 Frederick Margareten, 70 ‘year

old managing director of a firm in New York, has an unusual problem on his hands. He says he would Te- tire and take it easy only for the fact that his mother is stillworking as treasurer and a director of ' the company and has «no intention of giving up her work She is 95.‘ . f 1' 1'

Russian leaders sent a 3-para- graph New Year greeting to Queen Elizabeth. Her Majestey replied in a 2-line message, which probably con- tained as much sincerity, or more,

_as the longone from Mr. Khrush-

chev and his colleagues. The best thing at ¢ t the exchange is that it took place at all, considering the present state of international re- lations. * ‘k 1'

Oliver" Goldsmith’s “The Desert- ed Village” is a very famous 18th Century poem. Perhaps it is not gen- erally known that Canada, too, had an Oliver Goldsmith. The Book of

_ Knowledge says that he was a nep-

hew of the English poet and was born in Nova ‘Scotia in 1781. In 1825 he published a long narrative poem, “The Rising Village”, which describes the natural surroundings of his home and throws much light on the lives of early settlers in the Maritimes. It follows closely the plan of “The Deserted Village", but nobody claims that it is as enter- taininx.

probably-— \

\

I

1

NEW ATLANTIC NATION

OTTAWA REPORT

Grcubstokeci By Ccinodions

By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent For The Guardian

. Ottawa: Explorers adventuring in search of treasure used to be financed by the merchant -princes of England. From the first Euro- pean settlement in Canada, call- ed Newfound Land, to the" open- ing up of our western provinces

and the Territories, our own ear-

liest explorers were grub-staked largely from England. The set- tlement of all this New World was made possible by the wealth of the Old World, poured out to back adventurers who are now history’: headlines. '

But today comes a story of a successful reversal of this tradi- tional pattern. Explorers have gone forth from this New World to find riches in the oldest part of the world, backed by a Can- adian grub-stake.

This little band set in search of rich mineraldeposits, seeking

‘ especially to establish a new min-

ing empire based on increasing- ly sought-after Nickel. ~ The historic role of the old City

of London in venturing capital,to ~

back this.exp1or-ation has been taken over by our thriving Nia- gara community of Welland. The giant ‘grub-stake needed was ar- ranged by Allen Wright, well - ‘known as “mine host” of the Reeta Hotel in Welland. POOR MAN'S BONANZA Mr. Wright says with justifi- able pride that nearly all the peo- ple of Welland and Niagara dis- trict who subscribed to his “Ni- ckel Empire Grub-stake syndicate are of very moderate means. The grub-stake came in shares

each. And this money, by no means the unconsidered peanuts of millionaires, was sought to fi- nance — if, Lady Luck should smile -— the exploitation of an undetermined mineral in an un- surveyed mine in a country not yet decided. With such a shot in the dark, can anyone say that Canadians are unwilling to risk their capital on speculative in- vestments? . _ '

Mainspring of this venture}:

T Green Bears Purple Geese

National Geographic Society

0' Many North American wild

creatures wear identification tags — like delegates to a convention.

A Woodsman today shouldn’t be surprised to find a black bear with brilliant green haunches, or a purple goose. Waterfowl wear bright plastic neckties; sparrows sprout white chicken‘ feathers; butterflies are — embalzoned “YALE.”

Suck markings, help overcome one of the biggest problems of studying the behavior of animals in the wild to human eyes, dif- ferent members of the same spe- cies-look alike.

Althoughnew methods of mark-

ing are being developed, it is an

old research tool. In the 4th cen-

~ tury B.C., Aristotle had fisher-

men nick the fins of porpoises to learn their life span. BANDING BIRDS

Bird banding, the most wides- pread system of marking, was first practiced in North America by John»,James Audubon, In 1804, when Audubon was -19, he put

.' silver wire around the legs of two

nestling pewees in a cave near

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus- sion by correspondents of question of interest. The Guardian does not neces- sarily endorse Ch-A opinion of corres- pondents -

POTATO MARKETING

Sir,-—According .to potato mar- ket reports, Ontario has to look to the Maritimes or the States fpr most of her potatoes for the rest of the season.

There is an ever increasing consumer demand for small po- tatoes for roasting, etc. In mech-

anical peelers they peel and cook -

to a big advantage. New potatoes can be graded down to 1 7-8 while we are not allowed to sell in Canada tablestock under 21/4. That is why there is such a demand

for and sale of new potatoes. Af-

ter the middle of February near- ly all potatoes imported are new

» potatoes. .

We should be allowed to sell a No. 1 medium grade from 17/3 to 21/2 to meet competitionfrom the States. No. 2 grade has a lot of undesirable potatoes allowed. This large 21/A grade is a real hardship on any one who has a small run. sometimes amount- ing to half th e i 1' crop counting culls, and hits the small grower hardest {or often he spreads his fcrtilizcir a little too far. More- over, he does not have the me- chanical equipment to grade, spray and cultivate his crop as the big grower has.

We can't leave it to the ex- p(:i“.s. We need more organiza-

' tion and lilarlictiiig Boards all our

own to wake them up sometimes. I am Sir. ctc.. DISSATISFIED l-‘ARMER. Freetown.

_,Philadelphia. The next year_ he ..found the birds nesting near by.

ed‘ bands did not begin in the U- nited States until a century later. ‘ Since then some seven million American birds have been mark- ed, and about one in ten of the bands has been recovered. The technique has taught a great deal ‘about migration and other avian , habits.

To read a numbered band, the ornithologist must have the bird in hand. For sight identification, bright plastic leg bands, neck rings, white feathers attached to plumage, and other bags were de- vised. Then-things got out of con- trol.

Too many, people were putting too many things on the birds. -Complaints came from hunters that ducks looked likevflying dime stores. One experiment came to an abrupt stop when some ducks caught their bills in their neck bands and starved to death.

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service, which regulates bird banding, recalled all permits and rewrote them to make plain what they allowed. Special au- thority was required for use of the color tags. Experiments went forward on a reduced scale. DYE BATH FOR GEESE

One of the most easily recog- nizable “tags” is a dye bath for the whole bird. White snow geese for example, have been traced in California after being colored pink, green, yellow or purple. This technique is not limited to birds.

have trapped black bears, dosed them with ether, attached num- bered ear clips and then, for easy identification in the woods, covered the hindquarters with green enamel.

Alaskan b e a r s get different treatment. In a study of deter- mine the extent of salmon fishing by bears, the big brains were shot from behind with harmless ar- rows. The tips were vials that broke on impact and splashed the fur with dye.

Tiny paper strips attached to the wings of monarch butterflies in Canada have been recovered in Texas and Maryland, proving that at least some of these insects migrate south like birds. Now Yale scientists are stamping the name of their institution on butter- flies in Florida to learn more a- bout butterfly migration.

A homely m e a n s of mark- ing, usually done from motives more personal than scientific, is carving the date and the finder’s initials on the shells of turtles. A note of whimsey sometimes intrudes. Turtles have been found in the United States hearing such dates as 1492.

"Eldcution, or public speaking, ‘was an important study in an- iclent Greece and Rome.

of only a few hundred dollars-

Systematic work with number-.

In New York State, biologists

W. A. “Bill” Richardson, a skill- ful Toronto prospector who, al- though still in his Thirties, has an impressive record of rich miner- al discoveries, alone or in part- nership. These include B.‘» C.’s Cran Duc copper mine, uranium . and gold deposits north of Sask- atchewan's Lac la Rouge, and the Mystery Lake nickel deposit

co,” giant. ' Working W I t h.I Bill Richardson on his world-wide treasure hunt are his assistant, Dean Vaughan; his lawyer, Glen Wilton; and of course the man holding the purse- strings, Allen Wright. Hon. Paul Martin is a counsellor to the group. START FROM OTTAWA Carryinga suitcase full of $24,- 000'worth of airliner tickets gird- ling the globe, the party came to this Capital at the outset ‘of their tour. Here they had their passports approved for entry in- to twenty countries, including. Russia. As they headed westward at the opening of their adventure, their keynote was their confi- dence that they would “make In- co cringe.” . -Soon newspapers around the world reported their progress. The Indonesian “Observer”, re- vealed that in Djakarta they were received by Prime Minister Dju- ands Kai-tawidjaja, and had dis- cussed with him “the possibility of close co-operation between Ca- nada andlndonesia, in develop- ing Indonesias’ industry on a‘ large scale, including exploitat- ion ,of a1uminum,Tnickel, iron and other metal‘ ores.” Then came photos of the Canadian explorers ‘with, Prime- Minister Djuanda, discussing a valuable nickel con- cession in the Celebes. _ Now, only a few weeks later, comes word that the Nickel Em- pire Grub-stake Syndicate re-' ports “the discovery of a bonan- za which far exceeds anything ever hopedfor, even in our most optimistic dreams."

No details are ‘announced yet,

but those meetings with Mr. Diu- anda may drop a hint about Cele- bes. . So it is “Good Luck” to that little team from this country which, so long dependent for its own development upon the know- how and grub-stakes from other countries,.i's now important e- nough to e able to reverse that old pattern. -

The Age Old Story

the International Nickel’

God: from him cometh my sal- vation. He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defense;

in Manitoba which he sold to In-,

Truly my soul waitcth upon.

New Uses For Chewing Gum

By Herman N. Bundesen. MORE news about tranqU11lZ' ers, a new -and 511111716 D1'9V9n' tive for motion sickness, and something different in the way of chewing gum are the advances I want to discuss in ‘our New Year’s review of medicine. _ You can chew gum to relieve heartburn and indigestion, you can chew it to soothe a sore throat and halt a cough, you can chew it to aid bowel functions-— and now you can chew it to stop a headache.

A new gum which incorporates the use of aspirin can be chew-

throat and minor muscu ar-pains while you are driving, attending a movie or just about anywhere. IRRITATED TISSUES _

One apparent advantage 13 that irritated throat tissues can be bathed in a soothing flow of as- pirin, a difficult feat when as- pirin is used in the conventional manner. ,

The motion-sickness remedy is a simple injection of sodium bl- carbonate. Such an injection, :1 Japanese physician reports, may prevent motion sickness for as long as one month.

He says the sodium bicarbon- ate decreases the concentration of potassium in the fluid of the inner ear, thereby reducing the sensations after rotation.

Out of 100 susceptible persons given the injection 69 reported it completely effective. The _ther- apy was partly beneficial in. 23 others. . '

A $1,000,000 research program of a large pharmaceutical firm has resulted in four n w famil- ies of powerful tranqulizing a- gents being synthesized.

In ‘tests on animals, some of the agents have exhibited 20 ~timc- the strength of chlorpro- mazine. I GOOD NEWS

This is good news because the number of powerful tranquilizers used in the treatment of deeply disturbed psychiatric patients has been rather limited.

However, researchers point out that a lot more work will have to be done before it will be known whether the new agents have a place in human medicine. QUESTION aAND ANSWER .

M.W.: Is uremia always fatal?

Answer: Uremia', which is can- sed by failure of the kidneys to act normally and thereby fail- ing to get rid of the waste prod- ucts of the body, is not always fatal. If the cause can be deter- mined, in many cases the con- dition can be releived and the

CONCERTGOERS

Their days are raucous in the shop or street,

Where steamy kitchens swelter, or the mills ,

Rumble and clatter, traffic shrills

« or snaky highways, or in office

. heat,

Bent darkly over plledaccounts andbills.

But here they lose their robes of

v‘ dingy prose,

The market’s dissonance, the mo-

, tors’ blare;

And faces,: badger -sharp or goug-

ed with care, -

0!‘WhCl'¢

dor grows

bling through the‘air.

Then foixan hour a magic door swings wide;

The house - worn matron feels love’s wizardry

' As Iseult or Helen or Eurydice;

And the drab clerk or salesman, glistening-eyed,

Araby.

—Stanton A. Coblentz in the New York Times.

OUR YESTERDAYS (From The Guardian Files)