1 the season. Resort operators must, in lit-

. I lesser extent Bermuda, are faced with

- beef cattle that grow horns. They contend

. see cattle with horns.

are, those men commanding the

u

PAGE FOUR

THE IGUARD-IAN

Authonsod as second CIIII bill! Pout Office I uepu-fluent. Ottawa Tlu lunnn Gulmflnn Puhlloblng co. CIECULATIDN

roul cm Zone -w--- ' "fr Kelli! Trading loop 3.080 All other I .......... .....................L............... 733':

lull

Tuul Net Paid ...... ...........,........................-.. Editor and Managing ulroewr. 0- 0- Burn-It Associate Editor, Frank Wlllwr "The Strongest Memory ls Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.”

SATURDAY. SEPT. 10. 1950

CBABLO'l”I1::'l'bWN Seasonal lllfflelllty

The one great obstacle to. expanding tcurist facilities here is the shortness of

tie more than three months, cover their op- erating expenses and annual charges. The result is that the Island is tapping only a fraction of its potential tourist system, yet it is impractical to take steps to attract greatly increased numbers without provid- lng the facilities for receiving'tllem. The islands of the West Indies, and to

a similar problem. They, however. Provide a winter vacationland and find the sun- mer to be a slack period so far as travel is concerned. 1

One possible solution might be to pro- vide hotel accommodation afloat, complete with all forms of entertainment, and en- able it and its staff to follow the seasonal migrations of holidaymakers. Capital cost and overhead might be higher than for sim- ilar accommodation on land but that would be more than compensated for by its year- round use. '

Horned cattle controversy

A controversy has been stirred among livestock breeders by the order of the Can- adian National Exhibition that only horn- less steers could be shown at the fair. This applies to animals destined to the slaugh- ter houses-not breeding stock. The chief objection to the CNE ruling, says the Ot- tawa Citizen, has come from breeders of

it will throw their business to such com- petitors as breeders of hornless types such as Polled Aberdeen Angus, Polled Here- fords and Polled Durhams.

' But Ottawa livestock experts consider the action at the Toronto fair an excellent It follows the lead of the livestock

move. show in Moncton, where for years no horned steers have been admitted. In

Western Canada, packers have been trying to encourage cattle raisers to dehorn the steers. It is a simple matter to stop horns from growing by applying 8 Caustic when the calf is young. Packers wish' to pre- vent.the waste caused in meat and hides when steers gore one another in crowded cattle cars. .A horn thrust may waste 25 pounds of beef.

Agriculture officials say it would be better if all cattle were dehorned. Indeed, the trend is that way. True, people like to But these add noth- ing to the animal's health or productive- rless.

illysterlolls Generals

Who commands the various units of the invading North Korean army? The ques- tion intrigues an American exchange which points out that the North Korean units are always identified. but never the command- ing officers - an unprecedented situation in warfare.

Military intelligence services historical- ly make a point of knowing who the enemy's commanders are because each commander traditionally reacts in an in- divldual way to particular conditions and tactics. By knowing what the reaction of the opposing commander is likely to be, strategists can plan a more effective figllt Igalnst him.

But the U. S. intelligence service ap- parently dcesn't know the names of the North Korean commanders, despite their impor ance to U. S. tacticians, our Amer- ican, contemporary says. "Whoever they North Korean forces, they are not beginners. Perhaps these North Korean generals, no matter what they call themselves now, had names which ended in 'ski' and 'off'."

; connlplst Lle ltallell

the delayed report by the United NI- tions Commission on Korea has now been published. It nails finally the Communist lie that the South Koreans launched the httack, with its implication that the so- ;,l1ed-aggreesion, is I United state:

Nodttuhv.of the United States was I 1 Commission. Its chairman Iistts. Mrf.mAnllp Slngh.

trary and tragic: that they made "several

view to exploring the possibilities of unific- ation." They add: "Unfortunately the regime in the north was not only non-co- pperative but hostile in its attitude to the Commission." v -

There follows certain information which is not generally known. "A few days prior to the military attack from the north," the Commissioners report, "the northern re- gime issued a plan of its own for unific- ation. We sent a representative from the Secretariat of the Commission to person- ally receive this plan. accepting as bona fide the intentions of the sponsors of the scheme." -

The similarity between this Red tactic and the Japanese precedent of lulling the United States with a peace mission on the

er of the 'report, alsg the fact that the Commissioners are in no doubt whatso- ever as to the source of the aggression. The manoeuvre then was in progress and the Commission had taken action towards consideration of the northern scheme. "Twn came the sudden and apparently well-planned and organized attack that frustrated all our efforts and brought with it horrible sufferings to the people of Korea." i

This is the verdict which will pass into history.

EDI IORIAI. NOTES

Tomorrow, 15th Sunday after Trinity. 0 O C

Tomorrow is Battle-of-Britain Sunday, the tenth anniversary of Britainls, and the world's, great hour of peril.

Mechanization spelled the doom of har- vest excursions to the West and now bids fair to do the same to the annual migra- tion of potato pickers to this Province.

It looks as if Federal civil servants can expect a worth while Christmas box in the form of wage increases now under con- sideration.

O O .1

Parliament stands adjourned till Febru- ary 14, and it is sincerely to be- hoped nothing will occur to necessitate another summons before Christmas.

The City Championship Rifle-Match is being shot today. Marksmanship is a sport which, in times like these, is also the ex- pression of good citizenship and practical patriotism.

O O 0

Many, far too many, leave here to seek employment elsewhere due to our lack of industries apart from our primary ones, but judging by the latest economic survey of the Island, those who remain at home fare not too badly, both in town and country;

0 I 0

Another native Islander is making a name for herself as a writer of childrellls books. "Lucky Orphan" by Ida Cecil Moore, now of New York, is being well received in the United States, and the Can- adian edition should prove highly popular here. , -

ll 0 0

Alfred Noyes, English poet and critic, born this date 1880. He gave the Lowell Lectures in America in 1913 on "The Sea in English Poetry", andthe following year was appointed Professor of English Liter- ature in Princeton University. He has published a large number of works, in- cluding "The Loom of Youth", "The Flower of Old Japan", "Drake" (an English epic), "Mystery Ships", and "William Morris", in the English Men of Letters series.

Ottawa observers have not missed the fact Minister of External Affairs Lester Pearson has been handling defence policy matters during House of Commons debates on joint foreign and defence department policy, thus taking a load from the shoul- ders of Defence Minister Brooke Claxton. A cabinet shuffle is freely predicted for be- fore the end of the year, says an Ottawa correspondent. The assumption in some quarters, based on this circumstance, is that Mr. Pearson will take over Mr. Claxton's portfolio. Mr. Claxton's future scene of operations is still a question-mark.

More than 3 million people live on some 733 thousand farms in Canada and more than 25 per cent of Canadians from the Atlantic to the.Paciflc make their living on forms that produce a large percentage of Canadian exports. The story of the. people who work Canada's farms. their dif- ferent methods of farming, the crops they

g'row,v and the various services available to

them in mIlntIfn1ng this primary industry

, la" told in I new booklet entitlpd "1l'Ir-mlng

in Cenede", IvIilIble on request from In-

tttrl. Ottawa. , ,

for-motion service, Department of Ameni-

'5.-..-uh.

overtures to- the regime in the. north with I-

eve of Pearl Harbor, will strike every read-'

v-s.

II III: fur”: llrrmt

I'HE GUARDIAN. (IHARLOTTETOWN

not

-l.-l.- n.uvA- pusuc fORUM

This column is open to the dllcuulon by w-respondents of questions of interest. The Guardian docsnot necesuh lly endorse the opinion of 3 um. Ipondents.

' NEW FEDERAL BUILDING

Sir,-I note I let in the Guar- dian about the new building in Charlottetown. If it be so urgent as some seem to think why not extend the present Post Office to Richmond and Grafton streets, and add I win to each side of the Court House which should give enough office lpace for some time to Come and no lands to dlcker about.

I am, Sir. ctc..

JOJ-IN H. DOUCETTE Renfrew, Ont.. Formerly of P.E.I.

APPRECIATION sir.-May I, through the medium of your paper. express my sp- preciation of I play entitled There Goes The Bride" which was pre- sented ln Little Pond on July 14th by I group of young people from Morell. several times a year it is neces-. sary for me to visit New York City on business and while there I usually attend B musical comedy but never have I had a more en- joyable evening than that in Little Pond. . Here in Boston I follow all the items in your paper and have of- ten wished to see some of the plays mentioned. so please give us visitors to your fair Island earl: summer more of this kind of en- tertainmcnvt. I am. Sir.. etc. R. J. MCCORMACK East Boston, Mass.

COMMUNITY PLANNING EXPANDS

Sirriivery city in Canada over 30,000 population today has In of- ficlal community planning board. Altogether there are about 150 planning boards or commissions ac- tive in Canada. most of them on I city or town level. some of them with Iuthority for a group of neighbouring municipalities.

The idea. of community plmming, has caught on. Asia result, planning agencies in Canada this year are spending over two million dollars on their activities.

Community planning too is now taught at Canadian universities. Prior to 1945 Canadians had to go to the United States to study plan- ning. Courses are now on the cal- endars It Mcaill, the University of Manitobl. and the University of British Columbia. ,

The need to extend planning is still great. It is likely that the vol- ume of new construction in Canada will be very heavy in the next: few years. For this and other reasons, we must have more and better corn- munlty planning.

one of the major obstacles to, community planning. especially in residential areas, is that many, builders and their clients are not. aware of the full possibilities of! working together new federal hous-y tng legislation with provincial; planning legislation.

officials of the Community Plan- ning Association hope that much to remedy this situation will be done at the national conference on plIn- nlnz. to be held in Ottawn, Octob- er 6.end 7. The theme of this yeIr-'5 confelrencet will be "Making good use of our new housing lIws."

I m. Sir. etc. ALAN H. ARMSTRONG

Ottawa. T:

I Weed?

Ioon

There where the rusty ll-on llu. ' The roots In bowing In Q". a". Porhnlu no man. unlll III am. will understand that. what

801-, The evening makes the sky line

The -favor norm nigbffei 1-no 1dfI.IIf”" Iv -0 ...n"..'.'......

-rm .uI,. . v ' vi ....,.':'.l:.l.......f-:'lg.l.'.-z.-zlo- Pl-omdd:,y Iolllsflt. V to I

Royal Canadian Air Force

The Brit.-ish Commonwealth Air Training Plan produced more than 131,000 Iilrcrew during the Second World War.

The n.c.A.r'. .;...1.... out 213 Search and Rescue operations dur- mg 1949.

R.C.A.F. flyers learn how to cope with Arctic conditions at the Air Force sul-ival school operated in northern British Columbia and in the Arctic.

The R.C.A.F.. ruched its I11- tlme peak strength in January. 1944!. when it totalled over 215,000.

Out of 131,000 aircrew graduat- ed under the British Common- wealth Air TrIi.ning Plan. nearly were members of the EC.

The CF-100, the R.C.A.F.'s new all-wea-ther. long-range jet fighter designed and built in Canada. has been named the "Canuck."

Air Force Day. the annual oc- casion when R.C.A.F. stations hold open house. comes on the first or second Saturday in June. First held in -1947.

Air Marshal .W. A. Curtis, Chief of the Air Staff. is the only Cane- dian chief of staff ever to have served in all three armed services.

Summerside. P.E.I.. is the home of the R.C.A.F.'s navigation train- in: centre, the Air Navigation School.

Clinton. near London. Ont.. is the centre for radar and com- munication training in the R.C.A.F.

Tihe R.C.A.F:, won the Olympic and world ice- hocvy champion- ships in 1948.

The R.C.A.F... "which was of- ficially created in 1924, is actually Canada's fifth air force.

Establisllment strength of the R.C.A.F., when created in 1924, was 68 odflcers and 307 airmen.

In 1948 the R.C.A.F. covered 911.000 square miles of Canada by aerial photographs. ,

The first trans-Canada flight was made by air force officers in 1920, from Halifax to Vancouver.

About 22,000 Csriadians served in the RI-l.C.. R.N.A.S. and R.A.F. during the First World War.

Forest fire patrols were an im- pol-tam. part of the R.C.A.F.'s duties during its early days.

rile n.c.AJ.5. received its first Hurricane fighter in June. 1939.

3OOMOO&OO300MOOM Old Charlottetown (And r. I. r.) . .

ROAD CONDITIONS

"We have reads, it is true. but of the worst possible kind: all our mIln post roads lead directly over the summits of I11 the hills that Ire to be met with in the route through which they pus. - In the spring of the year. they In all but Impasse-ble. In the summer, it II true. by patching here Ind mending there. without the lent pretense to qstemtor regularity. or with I view to permanence. I tolerobly lnooth surface is ob- tained, lutiu Ibout two months to the twelve. The fasten! the Iutumo reins begin. Ind the in- ureoune lI- greeteet. the rents Ire cutup Into deep rate and gullioez II In buffered to exist In-Iqten danger to ll.fI Ind to marten the story. our

i

gigii? E :50 3

No. 110 City of Toronto squId- ron arrived in the United King- dom February 25, 1940.

The R.C.A.F: erlsigh was approv- ed by the King in June, 1940.

Squadron Leader (now Group Captain) E. A. Mclleb scored the R.C.A.F.'s first aerial victory in the Battle of Britain.

No. l Squadroh '(R.cA.r.) de- stroyed 30 enemy aircraft during the Battle of Britain.

'1'-he ru:.Arf's 'w.;...... Division was created July 2, 1941. 1

Eight R.C.A..F.. squadrons took part in the aerial battle over Die-plpe.

No. 6 (R.c.7A.r'.) Group becsm operational January 1, 1943.

Twenty-ninei of the 133 flyelrs who breached the Mahne dam were R.C.A.F. embers.

The n.c.A.r'. sun College was formed in Toronto August 1, 1943.

A total of 49 squadrons served overseas during the Sec- ond World War.

Canada's .De'tection Corps was disbanded Nov. 15. 1944.

The Air Force Amateur Radio System was formed April 1. 1040.

The McKee'Tran.s-Canada Tro- phy award for 1948 went to Group Captain Z. L. Leigh, R.C.A.F.

The first ri.c.'A.r.'s Air Force Day was held June 14, 1947.

The a.c.A.r.' t.o.ok.delivery of its first Vampire jet January 22, 1948.

Title R.C.A.F'. not-1' awards dou- ble wings to all aircrew.

The R.C.A.F'. celebrated its Sil- ver Jubilee on April 1. 1949.

The n.c.A.r. Survival school was formed Dec. 15, 1949.

Flying time lo.-' the R.C.A.I'. during 1949 was approximately 113,000 hours.

The R.C.A.F. made the first non- stop trans-Canada flight in Janu- ary, 1949. ,

Air Vice Marshal G. M. Croll was the first R.C.A.F. Chief of Air Staff.

n.c.Ar. strehg-th ih August. loan, was 4.061.

No. no City. of Toronto Squad- ron was the first R.C.A.F. squad- ron to arrive overseas in the last" war.

to mm and beast. Ind although the revenue lI now upwards of 5540.000. still there is the name roundabout way of getting to st. Elennol-'I Ind the Gulf shore,

"The Island is out or debt. tri- umphantly exclatms the Examiner. What then? We had much soon- er see it 240,000 in debt, provided there were level roads to I11 put; of this Island, Ind.I daily com- municll-tlon with the mIln-lInd by way of Pictou Ind &ied1Ic. Wbst 15 53.000 I-year interest to I now. 108 00113417 when the Idvsotuoe of internal commun' ' ug considered? It would not be more" than five shillings out of the poo- k9i of In! fIl-met on the mend.- how much would good level roads. dry Ind firm It all Ieuoru. put into it? That's the question. lake I steamboat bridge. so um mm, man who has business with the ml” III In! part of the world. csnbecel-tulnofge toitnp tmlmilll from it In 3 in an wool: while the II flea lute. end you wt11,naIkI 1 I

uInttuonh'hue;:uIa;&..-

--!!IuIld'I aesutm. 1b.: 1. -II---a-:1-I-Ina.

P .16:.,,,1e5o

'9

Nltllll HIICC7

About thirty odd yeus I60, I was trsvelltng by public etuge from Chlrlottstown to Lot 9. On my my there I crossed Lots 12 Ind 11, Ind wII st.rl.1ckiby'Hu level nature of the country: the long stretches of barren land. the gnvelling noture of the soil. Ind the frequent boulders to be seen scattered about-. lying on ttle.eur- face of the ground. '.llheoe bould- ers were of hIl-d grey stone. on- tkely different fl-om.the red Isad- Itone to be seen in the rocks Ill over the country. .

A few years otter this I made I survey of I Inc! of land on Lot 11 which hId supplied the nil- way conilrsctors with mIter1Il for bsllutlng tthe road-bed of the railway. Tillie tract of land con- sisted of I grIve1 bed about twenty acres in extent Ind about seven feet deep. The 3-Ivel consisted of hn-d grey. yellow and white pebbles. of little more t'hIn half an inch in diameter on the aver- Ige, mixed up with yellow sandy

play.

AgIin last Iutlumn. when making I survey of Lot 12, I travelled from Ellerslie Station along the South Junction Road to the Western Road. I observed along the sides of the fields piles of grey stones. I11 of moderate size, some Ibout I foot. lnddameter. most of them I great deal smaller. which had been picked up off the fields. They were more or less In-gvular in shape. with the sharp edges somewhat worn .off..

Captain Richards, of Bideford. informed me that he had formerly shipped hundreds of tons of these stones for ballast. On the fields themselves one could see thous- lands of smaller stones which were too small to pick up. There did not seem to be any clay or gravel mixed up with them. The ques- tion is how did these foreign boulders. stones. gravel and clay come there. '

The usual Ipawer is that they were brought there by ice. This can be accepted as I general In- swer, II we know of no other agency capable of bringing large blocks of stone I hundred miles or so from distant mountains where is now found the same kind of rock Is thlt of which the boulders consist. to I level country with no higher land immediately sur- rounding it which is cut. off from the mainland.

But were they brought here by glaciers moving over the face of the earth. or by icebergs floating in the sea? I think by the even distribution of the boulders, stones. gravel and clay over the surface of the ground. and no appearance of any disturbance after being de- posited. that they were deposited by icebergs floating in deep wat- er. so than I-venture to con- clude that our Island was at this period at the bot.toln of the sea.

0

Then we want to know what was the probable depth of the sea It that time. This can only be guess- ed It. but it may be Iin-ived It approximately by observations made elsewhere. Lut autumn I spent ten dIyI in 1-Ia1ifIx, Ind during that time I went frequent- ly to the park. which is situated at the extremity of the peninsula formed by the Halifax Harbour and Bedford Basin on the one slide. and the North-West-Arm on the other.

One day when walking out there I noticed near the entrance situated next to Halifax Harbour I rounded rock about 5 feet above the level of the sea and jutting out Ibout 50 feet from the shore. I immediately walked out to it, and found. Is I expected, that it was I rock over whicha glacier had travelled. The rock was com- paratively hard and its stratI was inclined It an angle of about 30 degrees with the horizon. Its sur- face. however. was Ilmost perfect- ly smooth. Is if planed by I huge plane. In fact the rock looked like the top of I polished globe. But on looking closely It this smooth surface. numerous lines or grooves could be seen. all pIl-Illel or neIl-1y so. and pointing in the general direction of Halifax I-IIr hour; that is, of the valley of which the hIl-bour Ind Bedford Basin are I part.

Now these lines or grooves were cIused by stones or boulders em- bedded in the bottom of the glncier. II is known from obser- vations made .on.ex.lsting glIcia-I.

Continuing my walk to the oth- er side of the park. Ibou-t I mile away. on the North-West Am. I found mother rock on the bank Ibout 30 feet above -the shore, lnooth Ind polished like the previ-

-roek with numerous

"rox:'unuuIn-bycsomoru.-runu Irnybelog-.3... , IIIAIIIIQIIUIIB loofefy or f rrlnoollluuulrnlu-aI.1soe -

01:; one. Ind wig I groove: on I I Ilu-he. g . log in the generI1'dlrectlc?:m.:g the vnlley of the'North-Wes: Am

Avfew days 1Itel- I other expldratlon of the park ma found on the very lummlt of on bill dividing fhejtwo vIl.leyg of Halifax IIIrbour and the Noah. west Ann. on the ridge of which the citadel is built. Ina H I height of about 900 feet above tn. level of the sea. .I110liIet'lIII00ih lines and grooves on its surface. I11 poimin!' in one direction. I had no meam of ucertsinirlg whether this dlrec. tlon was the sIme as on W -'3 ";r”:.;r:.r.

e ng that tfnese - indicated was that these twonzzklf-. leys had been filled with ice up to the summit of Citadel Hill E. which tuking into account u.,'.” depth of the harbour. would give, us I depth of ice of 800 feet at lull: but when we take into con. elder-Ition that the grinding tom indicated on the top of the hill wag equal to that indicated below. ther; mu.st.hIve been several hundred feet of ice Ibove that again. and consequently six or seven hundred feet or perhaps one thousand feet was the depth at the glacier at this point.

But observations made else. where show that glaciers as they travelled down the mountain sides gradually got thinner. Ind might be only one-thlird their original depth when they reached the sen. Consequently the iceberg; that flostcd across the site of Prince Edward Island might have been only 800 feet thick or lass. and the depth of water about the same.

0 0

"parallel line.

Two years after my first journey to the west end of the Island, 1 made another Journey in that (11. rectlon and went as far as the North Cape. where I stayed some three weeks It I flailing mg. Ibout I mile from the caps on the out side. I was nuking mm. surveys in the surrounding coun. try. but when I was not so an. gaged I spent the time shooting along the coast.

Dutlnl one of then Ihooting expeditions I walked from the em side of the CIpe to the west side” Ilong the cliffs Is for as the low, brush then growing in that direc. tion would let me. Just It this point, about 30 feet from the edge of the cliff, I came upon I long ridge of dean gravel about I foot high or less. which was running almost parallel to the edge of the cliff into the bush. How far it went in that direction I could not see. but it It once gave me the impression of I see beach, where the gl-Ivelu-nd shingle had been piled up by the surf.

The cliff was about sixty feet high Ind the ancient beach show- ed an elevation of the land to that extent. Consequently we have now indications that the land It first underwent an upheaval of perhaps three hundred feet from ' the bottom of the sea. and after- wards I further upheaval of sixty feet.

0 C D

New I shall describe several fact: that I have observed that go to chow that the last movement of the land in Prince Edward island has been I subsidence. In 1872. I was employed on the survey of the Prince Edward Island railway and when making -the survey of the Souris branch we crossed the mouth of the Marie River. which falls into St. Peter's Bay. It is a shallow twist of the see where it enters the bay. about 25 or 30 feet wide Ind only I small stream fur- ther up. Where we crossed there wIs less than two feet-of water. and apparently a hard sandy bol- tom.

'An iron bar was obtained and driven into the sand to see if there was rock underneath the end. Suddenly the bar almost disappeared. On taking it out we found it hId gone into soft mud. We procured I longer bar, but found no bottom to the mud. Fin- Illy. on procuring I still longer bal-Uwe found over -thirty feet of mud. This clearly showed that the original bed of the stream had been excavated by the running water It least 30 feet below its present level.

But the level of the sea was now thirty odd feet I-bove this. and un- der the present conditions the river could not possibly excavate its bed much below the level of the see. The only explanation there is that the land has sunk at lesst 30 feet, Ind during the pro- cess. the gully, 90 feet deep. form- erly excaveted by the stream. had gradually filled up with mud.

(To be concluded)

HROFESSIONAL CARDS

J. I. csrretlm II. 0. Optometrist

Complete, Visual Analysis and Refraction ' g 123 Kent .St. Charlottetown Phone 2872

n.I.j,boANI I oo. . M I

-I---H evlloll J.I olullr o. n.

OPTOMITIIBT - INK IIIIO street

. PIONI 87! Adjoining North American Hotel i

, dz Hdsuord ' GILIIIT A. OAUDKT. IA. IL-5 . IIIIUII Ill lolfelforl

c.n.Ilunhu':I"ai'ro'.77.."n...oa am

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made gn.- l