-NEQWSY

By J. A. Clark. D.Bo.

0& THE EARLY MICMACS

The Miomao tribe was an im- portant branch of the great Algon- quin family of North American radians. The area they inha.bited' when America was discovered by m. white race included what is now Prince Edward Island, Nova scotla, northern New Brunswick mg parts of 'southern and western Newfoundland.

The narne'Micmac is believed to be a corruption of Me8l1m9- nah. the name the Micmacs called them- uelvee. J.N.B. Hewitt stated that -nnieg" was the meaning of rthe Indian word Migmak. When speak- mg of one of their own members the Micmacs used the word Ulnoo, which originally meant "a. man". "rhe English have used the name Micmac for this tribe since 1696.

The Malecites. another tribe of thc Algonquin family that came in contact with the Micmacs in parts of New Brunswick. called them "Porcupine Indians" because may used porcupine quills in their ornamental work. DesBrisay states that the Miomac tribe was called rsourlquois, or salt-water-men" by the French; another French trans- latlnn gives the meaning of the name Bourlquols as "good canoe men". In Newfoundland an extinct tribe of Boothuks once called the Micmacs, Shanock, "bad Indians".

When the French settled in Nova scotia early in the 17th century, they made friends with the Souri- quols (Micmac) Ifllillill-'3. H W”)? noted for its fierce militant rela- tions with other tribes, and later with the English settlers. There was also intermarriage, to some ex- tent, between the French. settlers and members of the tribe, which more firmly bound them together in peace and war. The Mlcmacs lived largely by fishing and hunt- inc, and frequently their main oc- cupation was war and the securing of the sctiips of their enemies.

. . .

l-iroiii the time the English can- tured Port Royal (Annapolis Royal) in l'll0, the Micmacs, who remain- rd loyal to their old allies, harass- rd the British settlements at ev- ery opportunity, and greatly re- iarded the development of the country. This gucrilla warfare, car- ried on by the French and Micmac warriors for more than half a celi- tury, eventually led to the expul- sion of the Acadians from certain arms of Nova Scotia. After the fall of Quebec, the English made treat- ira with the Micmacs in 1760 and 1761, regarding the settlement and clearing of land, and by 1779 eg- reements were completed so that disputes ceased, and since then they luivn iiceii loyal to the British. Nova Scotla appointed a Chief iudlan Commissioner (Monk) to mprove conditions among the Mic- mcs early in the nineteenth cen- tury, and Hon. Joseph Howe, who was appointed Indian Commission- or in 1842. recorded in his Journal plans of lands reserved for the In- dtnns, etc. Shortly after Confedera- tion, the Dept. of Indian Affairs at Ottawa took over the supervis- ion of lands and all matters per- iainlng to the Indians in Canada. schools have been located on most of the reserves that nrc occupied iu' the Indians. Language The Micmac language is a branch or the Algonquian. and seems to be more closely related to the group of Algonquian languages of the ivdstem plains than to the group of Aigonquian languages of the great lakes area. It is remarkable for its extremely soft and melodious nords when spoken by an Indian. .

-BITES

Insect, anah. or animal . . the ban nnaunom in plamy of Mlnard'e at once. It )0 Ieoihaa. heal: and dunes.

in auntie poison! nINARo's , LINIMENT

.----- V...----.-o

NOTES-

it

It has great expressiveness and simplicity, and has the peculiarity of condensing a whole sentence into I single word. Their names at places are poetic in idea and beam- tifully soft in sound when the Micmac enunciation is retained; unfortunately many of these words, when used by either English or French, are greatly herehened, u we fail to appreciate the soft, elu- sive, Miomiac sounds. I

Pere Christian lei clercq invented the hieroglyphics that are still in use among the Miemacs, in 1691. These were used by Rev. Christian Kauder of Tracadie, N.B. who in 1886 had a catechism, meditations and hymns printed in these hier- oglyphlcs. Each part of this book was also pubushed separately in Vienna. in 1866. Rev. Silas Tertius Rand. D.D., D.S.L., LL.D., a Bap- tist clergyman who in i846 took up the U13 of a missionary among the Mlcmacs, translated the greater part of the Bible into their lang- uage, and published the sections between 1853 and 1875. He wrote many interesting facts relating to the history, manners, customs, leg- ends. language and literature con- cerning the Micmacs, publishing them in books from 1850 to 1894. He prepared an English-Micmac dictionary, published in 1888 and also prepared the manuscript for the Micmac-English section. This was later edited and published by Jeremiah S. Clark, B.A., M.D.. who also published "Rand and the Micmacs", 1899.

The curator of the Provincial Museum at Halifax. Harry Piers, read a paper in 1912 concerning the Mlcmacs, which was publish- ed, Vol. XIII, Part 22, pp. 99-125, in the Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science, with an appended bibliography, which listed over eighty available sources of information regarding the Mic- macs.

Early Customs

Very little is known of the cus- toms of the Micmacs in prehistoric times, except that they lived by hunting and fishing. They dwelt near the coast in summer, and withdrew to the more sheltered in- ierlor in winter. living in wigwams. They did not cultivate Indian corn. so far as is known. as did the Al- gonquiaii tribes about the great lakes. They constructed canoes and snowshoes, and made stone imple- ments, rough. poorly burnt pot- tery and a few small copper im- plements.

Marc Lescarbot. in his ”Nova Fl-ancla", published in 1609,. des- cribed some of their manners and customs, as observed at Port Royal. N. S. by him, thus: "They wore a skin breech-cloth attached to a leather girdle. and a cloak of otter, beaver, moose or stag, bear or lynx. tied up with a leather thong. and one arm usually thrust out. In their wigwams this cloak was usu- ally laid aside unless it was cold. The women wore a girdle about the cloak. In winter they wore good, brave sleeves, tied behind, which keep them very warm."

Their hair was black, and they used no head covering. they wore moc:asins of moose-hide on their feet. They greased their bodies and used an oil to protect themselves against insects. They wore "mat- achias", made of dyed porcupine quills of different colours, as orna- rpcnts about their necks, bodies. arms, legs and hanging from their ears. Their bows were strong but lacked finish, but their arrows were long. straight and had eagle tail feathers to guide them. Later they bartered with the French for fish- lng lines, hooks and iron to head their arrow shafts. The women peeled birch bark for their wig- wams, canoes and receptacles for cooking. They boiled meat in these receptacles by placing red hot stones in the water with the meat, to cook it. The mothers carried their babies strapped in a peculiarly shaped cradle on their backs. Their children were taught obedience and respect to their parents.

There are legends that in pre- historic times the Mlcmaos wrap- ped up their dead and placed the corpse in a tree or on staging, but since the advent of Europeans. they have buried their dead in the ground.

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llaiiponlngs or The Week

Continued from page 2 presented with a gift of the Young People of

to Calgary by Mrs. A. Houston who will be employed at. the

school as dormitory matron. Mrs. of summerside had as their week Houston was also entertained by and guest, Mr. the congregation of Central Chrls- saint John, N, B,

.

tlan Church and presented with A going away gift. a a o

Sqrl. Ldr. S. D. Gillis and Mrs. Gillls and daughters Stephanie and Michelle and non Paul, left Tuelday for Trenton. 0nt., after visiting Sqd. Ldr. Glllisl mother,

Mrs. F. F. Slgsworth and Mr. Sigsworth, and Mrs. Gillis' par- ents, Senator Grant and Mrs.

Grant of Montague. Sqd. Ldr. Gil- lis is Chief In tructor at the air- port in Trento , Ont.

o n a

Rev. A. J. G. Murchison and Mrs. Murchison of New York City.

N. 11., returned to their home after spending the summer months at their summer resi-

dence "Murchcroit", Point Prim. e - .

Mr. and Mrs. Donald.1-Iuichlna and three children whb spent the summer here loft Monday on re- turn in their home in the Canal Zone, Panama. They motored to New York from where they sail- cd to Panama.

o o , Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Etlzoli loll yesterday by motor for the East- ern States and Montreal on holi- days, and later for the Lauren- ilans where Mr. Edgett has ac- cepted a position at Mont Trem- blant Lodge as manager of the Chalet ties Voyageurs. They will be returning to Charlottetown in the early spring.

. .

Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Turner arc leaving this weekend on a trip to Boston. In Moncton they will be joined by Miss Barbara Smith. who is accompanying them. . o 0

Mrs. Roland Jewell, who is mov- ing to Halifax, was the guest. of honour at a dinnnr given by the fellow members of the Trinity Church group to which she be- bclonged at the Villa Waters, when she was presented with a parting gift.

0 .

The Science. Service staff yes- terday afternoon presented Mr. Fred Cannon and Miss Mickey MarLeod, both members of the staff, whose marriage takes place on Tuesday, with a beautiful tea. set. g

. . a

Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Williams of Summerside were receiving con- gratulations and best

an behalf ton left last week to visit relatives the and friends in Boston, Massachu- church. She will be accompanied setts.

rm; GUARDIAN. WN

PKG! NINE

at bridge at her home in sum-i

mci-side on Monday evening. . . .

Mrs. Earle Kennedy of Kenning-

. . . Mr. and Mrs. William Hayward M.' S. Jmviit of

Mfrs: Clifford Smith returned last week to her home in summer- slde after visiting relatives and,

friends for the past month -in: Saint John and Moncton, N. B. . . .

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Coliinsi have returned to their home in Taunton, Massachusetts after vis- iting in Albany, guests of Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Cameron.

. . .

Dr. and Mrs. Vincent Grant of summerside have returned after visiting in Montreal.

. . .

Mrs. Robert Baxter has return- ed to her home in Ottawa after spending a few days in summer- side with her parents, Dr. and Mrs. J. A. MacPhee.

. . .

Miss Helen Holman left Sum- merside on Monday to resume her

ilglltiles at the University of 'I'or- Wind dress”. Each . I O I Mi's.- William Hayward, Sum-

merslde. entertained on Thursday

afternoon when bridge was ill S155 H "3 44'

play. . . 0 Miss Evelyn M:icLure, accom- panied hy her father, Mr. A. R

lVDacI.ure, left Summerslde on

Tuesday on a holiday trip to Bos- E h

ton, Massachusetts. ac ' . .

MlSi Anna MacKenzie return- ed on Monday to Summerslde after a three weeks' vacation in Brewer, Maine and at her home in New Glasgow, N. S.

- . . .

Mrs. Ralph Beatles and children, Sizes 8V1 to 11. iEdward and Donald. lcft Soni- mcrslde on Monday to take up residence in Fredericton. N. B. Mr. Boatcs preceded the family. Mrs Boates was guest of honor at a Inumbcr of social functions prior to her departure. Among those entertaining for her were Mrs. George Meikle at an afternoon tea; Mrs. Wilfred Burns at an evening party; Mrs. Earle Sim- mons and Miss Alma Corney, al- so in the evening.

. 0

Sizes 9 io 11.

and plaids. Priced from

Miss Ethel.-MacDowcll, who has ihecn vacationing in Summerside. ithe guest of her brother, Mr. Ar- rhur MIacDowell and Mrs. Mac-

brown.

return

Lodies' House Dresses, broken ranges of higher

"Helen Morgan" Housedresses, smart fall styles and pat- ierna in colors blue, mauve pink and green) Each ......................................... .. "Juliana" Housedresses. floral designs in smart 3 9

fall styles, sizes 14 lo 44. Each ............................ .. I 8

ladies' 344 length Smacks, good quality cotton in nice floral designs. Sizes 14 to 20.

' lddies' Nylon Hose (subsiandurds), full fashioned; fall shades, piquoni iongolo, sweet spice, illusion and fonglini. Polr .............. .. l.adles' Lisle Hose (substandard), full fashioned, two good fall shades, Beuehsand and Pepper. Pair ......... .. Ludies' Crepe Hose (substandard), full fashioned in colors Pepper, Rose Beige and Beucluond. Pair ............. .. Ladies' Jersey Slips with built-up shoulders, sizes small and medium only in colors tea rose and white. Each ...................................... .. l.adies' Cotton Aprons, full and half styles, plains, floral:

.............. -59c.95c

' Children's all wool Pullover Sweaters by "Penmans"; long sleeves, solids and stripes in colors navy, red, green and Sizes 2 to 6X.

Ecich ...................................... ..

1 .98 2.98

2.98 79:: 95:: -1.19

1 .95

- 2.19

Wednesday on the occasion their Golden Wedding sary.

ra-

Dr. and Mrs.

wishes on Dowell left this week on

Anniver-

Ralph Noonan

0' to her home in Kelowna, B. C. . . .

Mrs. G. J. Hayes of Summer-

Children's cotton Pullover Sweaters in colors blue, wine

and brown. Sizes 2 to 6X.

Each ................................. .. Children's Cotton Dresses, good full weight in smart plaid

have returned to their home in summerside alter a motor trip

through the Maritimes. . . .

The hostesses at the Golf and Country Club, Summerside, on Wednesday afternoon were Mrs Norman Frltchard, Mrs. Mrs. Harold Milllgan, Mirs. Thom- as Baker, Mrs. Murray Willet, Mrs. Henry Wedge, Mrs. Heath Warren. . . .

The Misses Frances Lecky and Zita silliphant were hostesses at the home of the former in Sum- merside at a miscellaneous show- er, in honor of Mim Ellen Miolli- son, prior to her marriage to F. 0. Edward Law on Saturday after- X10011.

. . . Mr. and Mrs. Seymour Scott of Cornwall are visiting in Summer- side, the guests of their son and daughter-in-law. Mr. and - Mrs. John F. Scott.

0 ,. Mr. and Mrs. Carl Crockett have returned to their home in Summerslde after visiting in New Glasgow, N. s.. guests of Mr. and Mire. Harry Brown.

. C 0 0

Mrs. 'r. H. E. Inman entertained

Wicked,

1 .00

side has returned after visiting in Chatham, New Bruns- designsy, - 0 - Sizes 2 lo 6 Miss Lorna Warn-ii. whose ninr- Each ,,,,,,, ,,

rlage to Mr. James Hcffcil will .

take place on Saturday, septern- 5'1" 7 m 12 -

bcr 2'7. was guest of honor at a Each" ................................ ..

miscellaneous shower on Tuesday evening at the home of Mrs. Ralph Somers. Sumnierside.

. . .

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Crockett of Fairvllle, N. B., were the week and guests of the formcr's moth- er. Mrs. H. R. Crockett, Summer- side.

. . .

Miss Mary Muttart. who will he a September bride, was tendered st miscellaneous shower on Wed- nesday evening at the home of her sister, Mrs. John I-faslam, Carle- ton, and a. personal shower on Saturday afternoon at the home of Mrs. Harvey Bernard at Bor- den. with Mrs. yvilliam Jardine, as joint hostesses.

sizes 20 lo 24. Per pair ....... ..

shrunk blue denim. Pair...

” Bio 14.

BRIGHTON. England -(CPl- Post office authorities here are at- taching meters to telephones in houses which share a party line. They will save neighbors from arguing over their joint account.

Per pair .... ..

Children: Long Hose. Beige color In the popular 1 x1 rib quality, sizes 4 to 10. Priced according in size from, per pair .......... .. 1421 -35 Children's Flclnnelleife Pyjamas, smart children's designs in colors while and yellow. Sizes 2 to 6. Pair ................. .. I Children's Fleece Lined Sleepers, pink only in

Pair .......... .. 1 I98 Children's Jeans, navy blue in sizes 2 to 6.

Ch1ldren's "Corhcirii" Jeans. red leather irim, Sizes 4 to 14.

.........

Children's Elastic Top Jeans, navy blue In sizes 2 I

1 .29

225

sanforized

3.15

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Ladiesl Basement

Men's Basement

Men's "Jiffy Sirecimliner" Overalls by Kitchens, heavy

71,', oz. denim, scnforized shrunk, a

size: 36 to 44. Pair ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H .75 Men's Blue Dungorees, plain buck, sanforlzed 3 shrunk, sizes 30 lo 42. Pair rr V Men's heavy jumbo knii Coat Sweaters, 10007 all wool in

navy blue only. Sizes 36 to 44. Each ................................................................. . ..

Men's Winler Weight Pants, browns, blues and greys. Sizes

34 to 48-inch waist. H m.7.75

Priced from

Men's fleece lined Underwear, heavy weight fleece in com. binafion style with long sleeves and ankle 3 5 length. Sizes 36 to 46. Each .- ................... .. I 0 Shirts and Drawers in some heavy qualify fleece

in sizes 36 to 44. Each .. ,. Men's heavy weight, flat knit Combination Underwear,

long sleeves and ankle length.

Sizes 36 to 46 ................................................... Men's Dress Shirts, sonforized shrunk, fused collars, smurf stripes in colors blue, grey and-tan. ' Sizes 1495 to 16142.2 Eoch.... ............................. .. 2-19

Men's Broadcloth Pyjamas, solids with contrasting trim and

stripes. Sizes A, B, C. and D. 2 I

Pair ....................................... ,. Men's "T" Shirts, good full weight in smart lacqucircl do- signs. Sizes small, medium and large.

Ecit-.lo.. Boys' fleece lined Combination Undervlecir, ankle length

and long sleeves. Sizes 24 to 34. 2 I

Loch .................................................................... ,, Eoys' Cotton Work Shirts, solids and fancy designs. Sizes 12 to 14. Each.

Boys' Doeskin Shirts, good weight, plaid designs in various Sizes 121,11 to 14.

combinations. 1 .75

Boys' heavy weight Doeskin Shirts, solid shades of blue, wine and brown. Sizes 12V; to 14.

Each ............... .. . ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 1 .95 Boys' jumbo knit Coat Sweaters, plain colors in sizes 28 to 34. Each ........................ ...............

Boys' Lined Jcickeis, heavy weight gabordine with warm lining, waist length with zipper front, colors wine and blue.

2135: 7.1.??...'.?i ....................... .. - ..................... ,, 4.95

Boys' Dungarees, good quality blue deniln, double stitched

and rivet anchored pockets. ---------

Sizes 24 to 34. Pair ........... .. Boys' sonforized shrunk Overalls, sizes 24 to 34. 2 I

Boys' Tweed Pants, many colors and designs in good fall

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Priced from

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