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1 i QUALITY COUNTS

V

,'.oonunued improvement in the

marketing sittmtion, not.ed in

a article in yesterday's Guardian Quit the Livestock Marketing ‘and, should encourage our pro- ducers to further efforts in im- quality as well as increas- 1h‘ quantity production. This point was emphasized recently by Mr. W. s‘. Wilson, the Canadian Govern- ment Animal Products Trade Com- missioner in London, who stated that if Canada is to get her share of the British trade in bacon, poultry. live cattle and other agri- cultural products, she must regard as all-important the necessity of doing things better, not worse, than her competitors He cited the good impression made upon British buy- ere by the Canadian turkey ship- ment in 1932 and the shipment of chickens last year. The standard was good. "We must continue in this way and also improve upon it," he emphasised, pointing out that there was plenty of room for a far larger export of poultry from this Dominion to the Motherland, even after having made all allowances for the large exports from foreign countries.

The better the quality. the more satisfied the trade and the consum- er in Great Britain are going to be and the less argument there will be to justify the imposition of any restriction upon our poultry ex- ports to Britain, Mr. Wilson declar- ed. And he was particularly ern- phatic in regard to the bacon trade. In this connection the fac- tor of high quality must be more pronounced than in any other, he Said.

It is in this particular connec- tion, says a Montreal exchange, that Canadian exporters do not seem to have realised the priceless opportunity that is at present being offered ‘them. In November, i932, there was a i5 per cent duty on foreign booon imported into Brit- ain. ‘This has been raised by de- grees until today the Canadian ex- porter has a definite advantage of 58 l-2 per cent over all his foreign rivals on an annual quota. for Brit- ish consumption of 200,000,000 pounds. But the Canadian bacon export is not up to the necessary high standard yet. Not only must the right breed of hogs be cultivat- ed, but there must be improvement in the curing and also in the fin- ishing and pecking, if Canada is to secure and-what is of much great- er importance-retain the place in the British market which she is now offered under the Ottawa agreements.

Canada exported less than one- fifth of her full quota of bacon to Britain last year. And unless Can- ada shows that she can give both quality and steady supply, within the period that yet remains before the Ottawa pacts come up for re- vision, the outlook for the future is not bright. If she does, then her place in Britain's market is assur- ed, and so is the prosperity of her agricultural produce exporters. But it. can only be done by righting hard and in the right direction.

‘ THE‘ WAR DEBTS

instalments 0n wal- debts are duc to the United states from eleven European powers on June 15. 0n December 15, 1933, when the last payments fell due, Finland alone (owing the small sum of $229,623) paid in full. France, Belgium. Es- tonia, Hungary and Poland default- ed. They paid nothing. Italy and three minor powers followed Great Britain's lead in offering token payments. ‘These part pay- ments amounted to $6,568,500, to which Great Britain contributed $7,500,000. In all the United States collected, out of $152,952,637 owing, only $6,808,123 or about enough to

gesture of international ill-will,” but it stands on the statute booknready to make troube. what is to be done to ease the situation?

Mr. Roosevelt stands firmly by

two decisions. First, he will not listen to creditors as a group. He will not hold a round-table con- ference with them. Second, be will not make an offer of settlement to any of them. The debtors, that is, must come to him with their prop- ositions and they must come singly. 1n taking this line Mr. Roosevelt ‘is technically right. A private debtor who cannot pay does not expect to be offered terms. I-fe must step up and ask for them. And he can fair- ly be asked to step up alone and refrain from banding together with other debtors. On the other hand, Mr. Roose- velt's attitude can hardly be called magnanimmls. His view that the war debts are exactly like any other debts is narrow and unimaginative. Perhaps political necessity forces his hand. Congress and the Ameri- can public appear still to be under the delusion that the war debts can be paid and will be paid if en- ough pressure is brought to hear. Of course they cannot be paid while the United States, by maintaining a high tariff, refuses to take pay- mcnt in goods. Apart from that, Great Britain and the European powers seem to have taken the pos- ition definitely that the war debts ought to be outlawed along with reparations, or at the best settled for ten cents on the dollar. These are the realities which Mr. Roose- velt and (xmgress appear to ignore. The hopeful flfillect of the mat- ter is that the President is willing to hear representations from the debtors. It remains to be seen what, if anything, the debtors will have to propose before June i5.

THE BRITISH ‘WA Y

Speaking in the House of Com- mons toward the close of the bud- get debate, Hon. Dr. Manion made a striking statement with respect to the different methods of financ- ing followed by Great Britain and Canada. Ii taxation were on the same scale here as in the old country, he said, Canada's surplus on revenue account would run somewhere between $400,000,000 and $500,000,000.

The official records bear out this calculation to the last dollar. Brit- ain is raising $3,800,000,000, and Canada only $300,000,000, by taxa- tion this year. Mr. Chamberlain es- timates a. surplus of approximately $200,000,000, and Mr. Rhodes a de- ficit of $130,000.000 cn ordinary rev- enue ‘account, Canada's population is about one-fourth that of Great Britain, but the Dominion’s esti- mated income from taxation of the people is only a twelfth that of the United Kingdom. That is the per capita rate o! taxation here is only about a third of what it is in Great Britain. If Canada's taxation were stepped up to the British scale, the Dominion Government's revenue would be in the vicinity of $900,- 000,000 instead of the $300,000,000 anticipated by Mr. Rhodes from tax collections. And the additional $000,000,000 w5uld wipe out our es- timatcd deficit of $130,000,000, leav- ing $470,000,000 to apply to the liquidation of the national debt during the current fiscal year. Opposition politicians at Ottawa have sought to make a telling point against the Rhodes budget by citing the better financial showing in the Chamberlain budget at Westminster. In doing so, of course, they ignored completetly the facts above stated. And doubtles they would be the first to protest against Canadians being asked to shoulder such burdens as the British tax- payer has been bearing stolidly and complacently in recent years.

finance the new deal for a day. Mr. Roosevelt intimated he would not regard the nations token payments as in default.

The position, notes the Winni- peg Free Press, has been changed

making I

FARM CROPS COST , The Department of Agriculture

lat Ottawa has issued a 50-page il- ,llistrated booklet on the cost of pro-

since December by the passage of 'ducing farm crops in the Maritirnes

the Johnson bill at Washington. privicling that no foreign power in default to the United States may borrow money in the United States. Mr. Cummings, Attorney-General in the Roosevelt Cabinet, rules that a country which does not pay in full next month must be consider- ed in default. Token payments, that is, will not be accepted again. The British Government has made no provision in its 1034 budget for paying the June instalment and apparently does not intend to pay in N11. It will not hurt the British Government to be deprived of the right to sell bonds in the United Qtptel, but the general application of the Johnson bill will certainly tend to dislocate business. The Bal-

and other part-s of western Canada. The main object is to learn how to reduce the cost of production. An- other object is to learn what crops give the most profitable returns. Owing to the fact that the labour requirements for certain crops oc- cur at different periods of the year, it is,not always possible to make a direct comparison between these crops, but it is possible to compel-e other crops which compete for la- bour at the same time, such as wheat, oats, and barley, on the one hand, or corn, sunflowers or roots on the other. It may also be pos- sible to calculate the maximum acreage of the various crops which could be produced. The booklet covers all angles and is available

wimon‘ sun has called the bill "a

to all farmers asking for it.

e phffljg, " from," has caused a letter- t b: written to the Times. : “My outlook is b01118 0m." bitterod and warm! by the 011mb‘ the writer cries. The climax, we learn. was achcd when the cor- respondent was told s. few night-t ago that the income tax would be sixpence less "as from" Jan. 1, 1936. If such an experience could not reconcile one to the phrase B8 from,” then certainly one's outlook must already have become “embit- tered and warped."

Cleveland Plain Dealer: For three or four years Cartier in successive tripe explored the st. Lawrence and the Saguenay, tried to establish a colony and accomplished a consid- erable amount of amazingly accur- ate charting. But like many anoth- er pioneer he was too far ahead 01 his time. The kings of France had European wars on their hands. They came to look upon Canada is a cold annoyance. Cartier led, but for a long time there were few to fol- low. It was half a century or more before Champlain, La Salle. MB»!- quette and others came who were to carve New France from the wilderness. In the estimate of his generation Cartier was a failure. But a noble river and a thriving Dominion are his everlasting mon- ument.

New York Herald-hihune: The budget speech of Neville Chain- berlain recently before the British House of Commons was interest- ing chiefly as a reminder that a nation can adhere to time-tested fiscal practices and still attain a. substantial measure of recovery. While our own government's chief problem at the moment is the fan- tastic one cf trying desperately and vainly to spend the billions of dol- lars that an unprecedentedly lavish Congress has voted. the chief concern of the British Finance Minister is that of allocating the prospective benefits of increasing receipts during the next twelve months. He has decided to give both the taxpayer and the worker something. '

During the pioneer days of any human development people are so busy thinking out ways of life, and a fair existence, that they have no time to grow envious of their neighbor or to plan out how to be a bigger figure than he. Their only thought is to establish something and then to pass it on for better development and improvement. When wealth and ease arrive peo- ple grow soft and boastful and selfish. Their forefathers alone took the blows-mud became edu- catsuit-Exchange.

‘i.

F. J. C. lfearnshaw. in hie Na.- tional Review (London): Today, once more Germany is on the war- path. She is openly arming in order to recover the prestige that she lost in her last war and to regain the dominions of which she was properly deprived. Once again the invasion and subjugation of Great Britain figure in the program that ls laid before her militant youth. In 1934, even more than in 1014, a half-armed, pacific and unprepared island. with a. vast and rich but quite inadequately defended empire attached to it. lure the would-be in- vaders to the great adventure of conquest. No surer incentive to war than an unprotected British Empire can well be imagined.

Cod liver oil has found a new use as a. dressing for wounds. This was discovered by Professor Lohr as a result of three years of experiment- ing with thousands of cases at hos- pital in Magdeburg, Germany. Com- bined with other fats to make a semi-solid ointment, cod liver speeds up the healing of wounds. Whether the speedier healing is a result of the high concentration of vitamins A and D in the oil, Professor Lohr does not know, although he con- siders it a possibiity. He uses it in selected cases, pasting onto wounds and ulcers a layer so thick that the overlying dressing do not touch the raw, tender surfaces of the wound, thus eliminating pain when the dressings are changed.

Joseph Stag; Lawrence in The Review of Reviews (New York): Many of the apparently revoution- ary aspects of the New Deal are iii reality not revolutionary at all but merely a revival of old restraints which the last century and a half of laisscz-faire show are necessary. The idea of an inexorable natural law in the field of business is not sustained by the record. The Gov- eminent has left management ample latitude for the exercise of discretion. Profits have not been outlawed. Though upper limits have been placed on prices, and ln cer- tain fields on salaries, ‘none have been placed on the profits which management may earn nor on the income which an individual may re- ceive. Wlth the exception of gold on form of wealth has been social- ized. The point t0 be made is that the New Deal, theoretically and in the light of history, can succeed.

Something ought to be done, without delay. about the numberless voracious gentlemen who, under the guise of money lenders, are squeez- ing the lifeblood out of hundreds of thousands cf Canadian wage- earners. In Vancouver thc thing has got to be a scandal. 'I'liese greedy and predatory individuals, many of- whom arc operating wich- out even a civic license, charge as high as 200, 300 and even 500 per cent. Once in their clutches. the hapless borrower is tied down to exorbitant payments until death parts him from his troubles. He neglects paying his legitimate bills because he doesn't want to expose himself and his endorsers-usually close friends-to the ignominy and embarrassment of a lawsuit. Thus. the grocer, the butcher, and the merchant suffer, along with the borrower, from the veracity of these loan leechea-Vaucouver Sun.

' least I did not hear him, but there

(Seton Gordan in ‘Bic Spectator)

medal-s of The Spectator may re- member the protests made by the peoplecfthelsleoflkyeayearoi‘ two I80 Ieainst the running of Sunday railwatyu excursions from Invsgness to illlnd, llld flint in deference to public opinion in Skye the excursions were aband- oned. More recently they may have noted the protests of the northern Highland counties against the pio- posal to run pleasure char-a-bauc tours into them on Sundays during the coming summer.

Broadly speaking, the population of the Scottish Highlands may be said to be supporters of the Nation- al Church of Scotland or of the Free Church. But there are dis- t cts. such as the Outer Hebrldesn is nds of South ULst and Bari-a, and the mainland fringe of Morar and Muidart. where the Roman Catholic faith predominates. Then, again, there are a few localities, such as Glencoe, where the old Episcopal Church of Scotland is strong. The rigidity of Sunday ob- servance varies in different parts of the Highlands. I should say that, generally speaking, Argyll and its islands (Mull, Jura, and Islay, Col- onsay and Iona) are more tolerant than the counties which lie to the north of them (Inverness, Ross, and Sutherland.)

A friend of mine who lives in Argyll asked me one Sunday mom- ing recently when I visited him whether I would care to play a tune on my bagpipes. When he told me that he regularly played on Sundays I replied that pipe-play- ing on Sunday in the more north- erly of the Highland counties would be counted a. very serious misdeed, and that in some districts the playing of the pipes and the singing of non-sacred songs are de- precated even during week days. I told him the story narrated to me by a friend of his conversation with his Highland landlord regarding s. certain neighbour. “Yes," said the landlord, "So-and-so is a fine gen- tleman in e\7ery respect. except one." when pressed for further in- formation the man continued, "One Sabbath morning five years ago he was heard playing the pipes-at

was one who told me that he had been heard." It is a sad thing that in many Highlands districts the Free Church should have discour- aged a.ll singing (except the sing- ing of the Psalms and the playing of musical instruments, and it is unfortunately true that the expres- sion of joy in song and in music is repressed in many parts of the Highlands today. I recall the un- veiling of a certain War Memorial, when many people kept away from

it.

received 'a letter, courteous but

had written to her for

0n Sundays."

would think of the walking. bicyc- ling, motoring, riding, and even flying. to be observed on a fine Sunday in the neighborhood of London. Were they to see these things they would think sadly that England was indeed a heathen land. English readers of this article who expect to visit the Highlands by car during the coming summer would do well to bear in mind that there are parts of the Highlands off the beaten track where no petrol is supplied on Sunday except to fac- ilitate a. journey to church. The use of a. car for any other purpose is taboo. A friend of mine who once used his car to pay e, visit on Sun- day told me that on the following Sunday (he was a member of the Free Church) a special sermon was preached by his Minister on the enormity or his offence, his name being mentioned before the 085813", listening congregation.

Let me not be misunderstood for a moment. The Highlanders out- look on Sunday observance is an honest one. The people tare deeply T011 gious, and old women are often seen slowly and painfully walking a dozen mile and more along a hard rind rough road to church. So severe are the island storms that the church-goers are sometimes storm- stayed in the church. On one oc- casion, during a gale of such viol- ence that small stones were being lifted from the road, a friend and I who were fighting our way to church came upon the Minister ly- lng completely exhausted on a sheltered grassy bank; it was only with our assistance that he could proceed. Yet, even in the wildest and wettest weather, the churches of the Highlands are never empty.

Can it be wondered at that those simple people of the Highlands, to whom religion is a deep and a sol- emn thing, should strongly resent their districts being invaded by char-a-bancs filled with sightseers? The char-a-bancs perhaps meet them on their way to church, and scatter them (for the Highland roads are narrow and tortuous and many of them are uniitted for heavy ‘bus traffic) and they know that the outlook of these sight- seers is far different from their own. The cheerful and noisy crowd pass them at speed. Horn their point of view the rest of the Sabbath is broken. They are sad- dened and perhaps a little perplex- ed. They feel that the old religion is at the parting of the ways, that the old fashioned Sunday, which survives today only in the High- lands, may be unable to withstand the assaults made upon it by those who are mostly town-dwellers, with a different outlook upon life from

the Highlanders.

ly soluble in water, saponaceous

the ceremony because they were ether and. chloroform, and slowly in informed that pipers would play at alcohol, but readily so when heated ' in

There are districts in the Hlgh- the inner epidermal tissues and a- lands where Sunday is kept so rig- T001111 flit 17110-5 01' Qyel- 1X1 lPfWt- idly that it is considered en of- ins tubers its quantity is slightly in- fence to walk, except to and from 0110800. find 60MB Oblfifvefs 1088111 church. A friend of mine, on a Brtcned tubersascontalnlns ID00111- walking tour in the West Highlands, 1y “P80 qua-Rimes-

firm, from the woman he had ap- I11 P0009005. 110M011)’ t0 will! 511101! preached for lodgings, asking him extent a; to cause no trouble what- that he would kindly time m, u- soever. Neither can there be much rival so that he would neither reach, ‘mum? m" @119 5011mm 0001490‘? 1n- nm. leave, the house on the sub. creases under certain conditions, bath Day. Les courteous was the "will"? “V0705 the P700058 01' reply o! a woman w a mmny who sprouting. Normally one finds sol- summer 8:11? hreyresent within a short distance

- . a “t o eyes, lodgings‘ I mow no "nun: o takes placle, this alkaloid travels a en have “an the considerab e distance up the sprouts. ,,§e°‘“,j,‘d““§§,,;"‘m,n‘,,,, in which Hence, the breaking off of the the mgnsh Sunday 35 kept. I have sprouts, which ls done, of course, be- wondered ‘vhat my I-Ilghlgnd (fiends fore potatoes are used, is one fairly