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PAGE THE GUARDIAN

Morning "l", (llllldel ll Ill!) Authorised ue ties-and Clalo lull, Pout Offlifl apartment, Ottawa. ‘Ilse lolond Guardian Publishing 0o. \ tunin- renal llariuglsig Director. J. B. IIIIINI

Aoaoclnto Editor, Irnnh Willi

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest lnk."

anemones-own riimny, oc-ronm 1s, m;

Best llews 0f All

More important even than our encourag- ing livestock and farm production figures is the Bureau of Statistics report that for i947 we had the second highest birth rate in all Ca- nada. Let us hope that by the time ollr Infill" generation grows up we wlll H0 loflgel’ eillwlf‘ ing brains and brawn to other Provinces. We shall need them at home, and if we succeed in keeping them we shall have solved one 0i our most vital problems. H

An item in today's "Old. Charlottetown notes quotes a century-old prediction as to our population possibilities. "6W,000 souls" was the estimate made by a visiting Montrealer at that time. This was no idle "pipe dream," for oll the natural advantages were here; but the predic- tlon failed to take into account the blig-hting effect Confederation was to have upo_n_ our then steadily expanding trade and population.

While we have no desire to see theties of Confederation severed, we have every right to insist upon a fairer distribution of their advan- tages. That is what we hope to achieve in the not too distant future, for ourselves and for the generations now rising and to come.

The “Newfoundland Problem

While Newfoundland by a majority vote of 77,000 against 7l,O00 has decided in favor of Confederation with Canada, the opposition of the Responsible Government League continues and has been chrystalized in a memorandum sub- mitted to the British Government. The memor- andum arraigns the Commonwealth Relations Office for placing union with Canada in the referendum after it had been rejected by 29 votes to l8 by the constituent convention, which examined alternative solutions for the fate of the island. it argues that any majority vote of less than two-thirds is a wholly inadequate mandate for a far--reaching constitutional change and in support of its thesis quotes the provis- ions of the constitution of the United States about similar changes.

The League is perhaps on firmer ground In its claim that Newfoundland, as a commun- liy endowed with Dominion status — even though .that status has been temporarily suspended — had the right to elect a legislative body of some kind as its instrument for negotiating the terms of her entry into the Dominion. lf the question of the merger is to be treated as settled then Newfoundland as a province of Canada will have a unicameral legislature. So a reputable British weekly paper like the London Economist supports the idea that the British and Canadian Governments should jointly take steps to recon- stitute a Legislature for Newfoundland on the Canadian pattern and that a ministry chosen from it should negotiate the final details of the settlement. The Economist thinks that however desirable the union of Newfoundland with Ca- nada may be, the British Government, which is the do facto controller of the Island's destinies at the moment, has some responsibilities towards the minority and should not leave it to believe that "they had been a pawn in a real estate deal."

lt ls argued that the process of reconstitut-

lng a Legislature and forming a Cabinet would entail a bitterly fought election. That is a very poor objection, and a very dangerous one. Dic- tators have used it not infrequently for the pur- pose of remaining in power indefinitely. lt ex- plains, however, the wariness with which Ot- tawa is proceeding in arranging the terms of Confederation with the Newfoundland delegates, and also, perhaps, why it is reportedly consider- ing more generous financial proposals

Mr. ilrew’s Following

Those who speak and write of the Progres- sive Conservative party as though its strength were confined almost exclusively to Ontario have their answer in figures printed by the To- ronto Telegram of the popular vote for Progres- sive Conservatives and Liberals in the I945 elec- tion. This is the table:

Prog. Conservative

Vote Seats Vole Seals 1215.1 30.025 1 80.896 3 NS. 114.214 3 141.911 8 . . 71.225 3 100.939 ‘i . 109.755 1 005.832 56 Ontario . 756.762 4K 145.511 34 80.303 z 111.883 10 70.830 1 123.344 2 . 58,071 2 67.862 2 . 128.529 5 111.737 5 649 1 -

Thus in provinces as far apart as Ontario and British Columbia Progressive Conservatives polled more votes than did Liberals; iii Prince Edward Island, despite the disproportion of Lib- eral seats, the popular vote was almost evenly balanced, and only in Quebec was there a large gap between them. -

ln Ontario and Quebec the Liberals had l,35l,403 votes, the Conservatives 866,517 - in the Central Provinces was the great concen- trotion of Liberal strength. In the seven other provinces the figures were much closer, the Lib- erals receiving 694,l52 votes and the Progres- sive Conservatives 559,B03 - a comparatively small shift in public opinion would change the result materially.

The popular vote of I945 niows Conserva- tive strength in every pert of Canada and pro- vides e sidistuntial foundation upon which Mr. Drew osrlooder can build.

iilhere The Shoe Finches

An official Government report shows that orf $647,000,000 collected in personal income taxes in i946 more than 50 percent came from people making less than $3,500 a year, says the Ottawa Journal. It shows also that of the 2,532,122 Canadians who paid income tax in i946 (the figures would probably apply as well to this year), 52 percent of them made less than $2,200 a year. -

Some people have an idea that the bulk of income taxes come from the rich; from the "big fellows." Actually the proportion of the total of income faxes paid by the "big fellows" is small. It is the ”little man" who bears the brunt of it; who gets hurt most. For the real test of a tax, so far as an individual is concerned, is not what is paid but what is left.

And, of course, the total of income taxes, or the bulk of the total, must be paid by the "little fellow"; there are not enough rich. In- deed if the Government were to take all the incomes of the rich, left them with nothing at all, the total would still be but a drop in the income tax bucket. The money must come from the small-income man. That is why heavy taxes are such an injustice — or at least an injustice when the Government is collecting more money than it needs.

-~ EDITORIAL NOTES

Victory that came later in the Battle of the Scheldt is known to cill. And, says Col. Stacey, credit for winning the battle lay, above all, with the infantry soldier, who many times fought over water-swept land in a rowboat. i w it l’

Attention is called to the advertisement of the annual Bible Society canvass, which opens on Monday, when representatives of the Society throughout the Province will solicit contribu- tions to this worthy cause. * i’ l‘ ‘h Starting today permanent Dominion civil servants are to paid on twice-monthly basis. Tem- porary employees will have to wait varying per- iods, some until November 30th. to go on the new pay schedule. ‘I

it I

Drought and accompanying danger of fire has spread across Notth America, "lt extends from Missouri through Iowa, Wisconsin, Michi- gan, South-eastern Ontario, Southern Quebec, New York and New England to the Mar_itime Provinces", but not including Prince Edward ls-

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CHARLOTTETOWN

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i An lngllohmnu hon been granted‘ Th; n, u“; q” m", 0ST a divorce because his wife doused plgnt; o! y: Amergcm fizomofilf NICE‘ him with gasoline and then tried Company of Schenecta", has cum.

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‘The Berlin Crisis

(Winnipeg Free Press) Since they mark a turning paint in the future of the United Nations and in the history of the world, the origins of the Berlin crisis should be fully understood if the debates lr the Security Council and the Assembly during the next few weeks are to be grasped.

From early summer until a fe\v days ago the Berlin negotiations were conducted in total secrecy.

ISLAND POTATQ MATCH l _

was in effect: retaliation against the western powers for their 1n- troductlon of western Germany cur- rency into Berlin.

On July 30 the western powers asked for a meeting with Premier Stalin and Mr. Molotov.

On August 2, u decisive date in our times, the envoys of the west- ern powers met Stalin in the Kremlin.

The factual record of this meet- ing is set out in the United States white paper in detail. The United

land.

i Q i I

Only rumors were allowed to trickle out to the world public from the four governments involved. Now,

Nova Scotia is justly proud of its grid sys- tem of electric power lines. Power plants at Stellarton, Sheet Harbour, Malay Falls, Ruth Falls and Truro and also Moncton, N. B. all contribute power to the system so that any plant may close down without interruption of supply. ‘A’ i i’ ‘k

The Canadian Aviation Magazine predicts that Ottawa will promote civilian flying training by means of subsidies both to the flying schools or clubs and to the student. With such an air- minded people as Canadians there should be strong support for such a move. I i k i

Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet, born this date i686; his reputation rests on his dramatic pastoral The Gentle Shepherd, and is remember- ed by the dramatic profession because it was largely through his efforts that the first regular theatre was opened in Edinburgh:

"For when l dinna clearly see,

l always own l dinna ken,

And that's the way with wisest men."

i fi i i

A lesson to musical conductors not to be over-energetic in wielding the baton at prac- tices and orchestral concerts. Sir Thomas. Beech- am, British conductor, was recently taken to the airport sick-quarters in a wheelchair when he arrived in Southampton by flying boat after a tour in South Africa. His wife explained thai "as a result of his conducting his spine has been pushed out of place onto a nerve and this gives him intense agony at times. We believe on orthopaedic specialist can put the matter right, and there is no doubt that my husband will be conducting when the Royal Philhar- monic Orchestra goes on tour next week." fi W W l‘

According to Associated Press of lndia, Sri C. Rajagopaluchari, Governor General of lndia, has received a telegram from the Nizam of Hy- derabad saying that his former Finance Minis- ter, Nawab MoimNawaz Jung, has unauthoriz- edly transferred a sum of 13,007,940 (approxi- mately $4,500,000) standing in the Westminister Bank, London, in the account of the State, to the account of the High Commissioner for Pakis-

has urged the Governor General to ask His Majestys Government to use their good offices to have the money retransferred to the account of Hyderabad State and if necessary freeze the

amount.

O I 1' fl

two hundred years. When some of the Scottish chieftdins followed Bonnie Prince Charlie to France after the disastrous finish to his rebellion in i745, they found comfort and solace in hav- ing fashioned for themselves and in wearing

Perhaps it was a gesture of defiance, perhaps of pride, perhaps of pure sentiment, but _what- ever the reason it started a fashion. And a fash- ion which may never have died, for it is not many years since there lived in the west of Scotland a gentlemen who wore his family tartan in the shape of on evening-dress waistcoat. The days when the cut of a waistcoat was the symbol of a man's elevation in the world of society have gone, certainly, but since the days of the brightly coloured garments which the beau of the 18th. century affected, the British male seems to have

tan in London in the same bank. The Nizanr

Tartan waistcoats are in vogue again, after

waistcoats made of their particular clan tartan.

lost much of his delight in coats of many colour-e. '

in a white paper issued by the United States, a bill of particulars probably without precedent in U. S. dlpliomucy, the story is told, point by point. It destroys the legend that the Russian Govern- ment, while tough in negotiation, scrupulously keeps its bargains, and it shows the free world the kind of unpredictable, unscrupulous and shifting power concentrated in the Politburo. v The record begins an June 23 when Russia suspended all rail and barge traffic from the west info Berlin for what Russia called “tech- inlcal difficulties."

On July 6 the United States pro- tested the blockade as n clear violation of agreements among the four powers occupying Germany and served notice that lt would "not be induced by threats, press- ures or other action” to abandon its rights.

On July 14 Russia, shifting ground for the first time, acknowl- edged that the blockndc was not due to technical difficulties but

“pee? .

AUTUMN

Where are the blossoms of Sum- mcr’! lii the west,

Night is prest

Like tearful Prosperplne, snatched from her flowers

To a most gloomy breast.

Where is the pride of Summer _- the green prime-

The many. many leaves all twin- kling? Three

On ‘the massed elm; three an the

—’I‘homas Hood (1799-1845) .

Old Charlottetown uum P. s. u .

POPULATION FORECAST

“Prince Edward Island is very capable of supporting 600.000 souls. and of producing annually from 12 to 15 fold the amount. which it does at present. or about £10.000,000. . . .

“The soil is naturally and gener- ally of so good u quality that. al- most every acre may be rendered productive. There is no part of British America that is more fav- orably reported of than Prince Edward Island. The climate par- tekes of that. of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but. in some re- spects fs superior, being entirely free from fogs to which these prov- lncee are subject. As regards the eulubrity of the Island, it is agreed by all who have lived in it for any time that there are few pieces where health is enjoyed with less lntenuplion."

-From “Remarks on Prince Ed- ward Island," 1836, by William Ev- anl. Secretary to the Montreal Agri-

States ambassador, Walter Bedell Smith; declared: "The three (west- erni governments must re-emplias- ize their right lo be in Berlin to be unquestionable and absolute. They do not. intend to be coerced by any means whatsoever into abandoning this right." . If the blockade were due to technical difficulties, the western powers would co-operatc in curing them. 1f the blockade were due to the currency problem, that. could be settled by negotiation. If the blockade were designed to bring about negotiations concerning the future of Germany as a whole, the blockade was unnecessary since the western governments and never declined to meet Russia to con- sider the German problem as ii whole. But lf the blockade were designed to force the western pow- ers out of Berlin "such an attempt could not be allowed to succeed." Stalin's reply was apparently frank and encouraging. He said the Soviet Government was not try- ing to oust the western powers from Berlin but maintained that they had lost their legal right to remain there because of their al- leged breach of the Jotsdnm agree- ment in organizing the nucleus of a German government in the west.- ern zones. He also attributed the blockade to the nclian of the west- ern powers in introducing western currency info Berlin. However, Stalin offered a clear settlement without further delay. He proposed, first, that the west.- ern currency be withdrawn from Berlin and, in return, rthut the Rus- sinii blockurle be lifted. Second, he would no longer nslt as n con-

Blus-hlng the” lash l” the 135i’ dition the deferment. of the imple- Wmll’ mills" inentaiion of the London decisions when me mud h” by ‘udden (designed to organize a German

government in the western zones) although he wished this lo be re- corded as the insistent wish of the Soviet Government. In ihc ensuing conversation, it was also agreed that the four powers should meet. again to consider the German problem.

naked lime The Llnilcd Suites Government Tfemblln! —-Rllil one “P9111319 013 accepted Stalin's terms with the oak tree. natural proviso that. the Russian When‘ i.‘ ‘lle DIVE-d? ImWTIOTlBl- currency to be used iii Berlin lty? should be under the management Gone into mournful cypress and of the four occupying powers. dark yew. Oilierwlso, with unilateral control Or wearing the long gloomy Winter of currency, Russia would control through ilie entire economy and hence, In the smooth holly's green efer- without doubt, the politics of Ber- nity, _ , _ lin. To this proviso Russia agreed

rind the four joint governors of Berlin were instructed to put. the

full agreement, including the ro- moval of the blockade, into effect. I l I At this point Russian policy l\1d' denly went into reverse. Whether Stalin changed his mind, whether he never intended to carry out hi! promise of August 2. 01‘ Whelher (as seems more probable) he Wal over-ruled by the Politburo. is not known. In any case Mr. Molotov went into action, raising technical objections in almost every line 0f the proposed Berlin agreement. But the main trouble came from Marshal Sokalovsky. the Russian governor in Berlin. Instead of lift- ing the blockade as Stalin had promised, lie intensified it. In- stead of agreeing to four-power control of Russian currency, he insisted on Russian domination. Instead of sharing jurisdiction over Berlin trade with the west. ll agreed, he sought to monopolize it. The western powers perceived that they had been double-crossed. Russia, despite Stalin's promise, was attempting to "nullify unilat- erally the rights of the western occupying powers in Berlin” and “moreover the use of coercive pres- sure against the western occupying powers is a clear violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations." e o o

In u last move of conciliation, however, the three western pow- ers, on September 22, declared they would not accept restrictions on the air lift, would insist on four-power control of Berlin currency, would not. permiL Russian control of Ber- lin currency, and would not per- mit. Russian restrictions on Berlin trade. They asked finally whether Russia was actually prepared to lift. the blockade. On September 25, Russia ended the chance of further negotiation by replying that the air routes could not remain uncontrolled (by Russia) and that. the currency agreement. must be

United Nations — first the Secur- ity Council and then, no doubt, the Assembly -— must consider. Of what use is ilils consideration? In u rlirccf sense, very little. Russia can veto any decision by the Secur- ity Council and the Assembly's recommendations cannot control Russian actions. But the indirect effect of lhc Assemblfs decision can he very grcul. as was shown when its disapproval forced Russia out of Iran. It is the moral power of the Assembly, representing the entire world, which Britain, the United States and France have now invoked.

é The Age-Old Story

O

When thou liest dawn, thou shalt not. be afraid; yen, thou shalt. lle down and thy sleep shall be sweet.

Queen Street

cultural Society.

COMPLETE INSURANCE I

to set. hlm on fire. Maybe she was just trying to revive an old flame. -W dstock Sentinel-Review.

"time and uploo Are at war," u- uerfl l relatlvllt. We hope space wine; we could do very well with- out time —- particularly without. alarm clocks — but we do feel the need of a little space in which to live. — Kingston Whig-Standard.

Familiarity with bot-h French and English on the part of all literate Canadians would assuredly do much to establish new and stronger bonds of culture, sympathy and under- standing binding the two great rac- lal groups of this country. Such a development, it ls safe to say, would do more to bring about real no- tional unity than all the political speeches and most of the political programs put together. — Brent< ford Expositor.

Another mlrvel of oonotructfisg genius has been built in the Phila- delphia urea. The Baldwin Loco- motive Works has built a monster machine for the Naval air arm that calculates the point at which ma- terlall will break under pressure. This mammoth, which itself weighs a million pounds and is 4'! feet high. can exert 5,000,000 pounds of pres- sure on materials which heretofore had to be tested in, by comparison. test tubes. — Philadelphia Bulletin.