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DOMINION DAY MARKS MEMORAFE

CHARLOTTETOWN

MILES

_PAGE EL3

I Cordial Greetings Froni Prime Minister King On.

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P. E. Island

"The following mesons to the people of Prince Edward Island has been received from the. Rt. Ben. W. L. Mackenzie King. Prime Minister of Canada, on the sev- enb-fifth anniversary of the ,entry sf Prince Edward Island into Con- federation:

"Dmninion Day, 1948. will mark the seventy-fifth anniversary 0! u“ entry, in 1878, oi Prince Ed- ward Ieiend into Confederation as the seventh Province of Canada.

“Many thousands of Canadians hem ooest to coast look back with affection. to associations of their forebears with the Island Prov- ince. We recall with pride today the contributions made by dis- tinguished sons and daughters of ri-inee Edward Island to the pub- lie life of our country.

"i; personally recall with feelings of gratitude that, when chosen Leader of the liberal Party oi Can- ede in August i919, I was elected by reclamation to represent the constituency of Prince in the House of Commons. The associa- tions I formed in the years fol- lowing have given me an abiding interest in the welfare oi Prince Idwerd Island and its people. and e deep appreciation of their high piece in the life of our country.

"To those who dwell in Prince

Anniversary

‘PRIME MINISTER KING

Edward Island and to the sons and daughters of the Island throughout Canada. I extend cordial greetings and hearty congratulations on s worthy contribution throug three- quariers of a century to t e na- tional life oi Canada.

"W. L. MACKENZIE KING.“

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The “Island and

On July l. ‘I948, Prince Edward Island marks her seventy-fifth an- niversary as a Hovince of Canada. In the three-quarters of a century since Dominion Day 1873, Cflnfldj, has travelled the long road w ha- tionhood. a. Way made difficult yet glorious by the tremendous obsta- cles oi pioneering clays and m; challenging international obllga- tions oi recent years. In‘ this na. tionai effort the Island has prouq. ly shared. As the smallest Pro- vince her part has been neither large nor spectacular. yet. propor- Umlfltely. she has been second to none in her appreciation oi .her responsibilities as part of a young and vlrlle nation. It is fitting. l-hflrofore. that we should look at the experience of the pastf the background oi our present position and oi our challenging future.

When the Island became a part ner in Confederation she had had a long, hard history as a colony. For s century and s half she had developed from the Abegwelt cf the Mlcmacs. a reputed beauty spot with fish and furs, tn a thriving community of business-like and home-loving people who felt tha‘ they were the only ones in the world who deserved the honourable title of “Islanders?

The early years aboundcd with peculiar hardships. During the French regime which ended with the Treaty oi Paris oi 1163 the tiny outpost in the Gulf of St. Law'- rerlce was ignored by the govern- ment in France, treated with in- difference by her neighbours, and given up as unlucky by the iew

Seventy-Five Years ' By

Frank MqcKinnon

the Dominion

Possess theeiaborate mechanism of parliamentary government. Here for nearly two centuries tlie Eng- lish constitution has been project» ed in miniature and adjusted to an unusual environment with a limited population and influengu, He" Qemf-‘CPBCY developed. not in the wide open spaces where the ambitions oi nation-building met the challenge of expanding mm. tiers. but in an unpretentious srld isolated community where the Problems oi administration seemed out oi all proportion to the 51g; of the ares. Yet political drama is often as difficult on s tiny stage as on a large one. Problems of w; onial expansion and constitutional evolution which were evident else- where faced. and indeed sometimes overwhelmed. pioneering genera- tions on th Island. while the inst; tutions of government had con- stantly w be protected from the frequent upheavals oi concentrated looalism and from the patronizing scepticism oi outside observers. When nature determined the [s- lands form and location it dictat- ed the character and significance oi local government and of the province's relations with its con- tinental neighbours.

Politics was a troubled occupa- tion on the Island Ln the early days. Governors often quarreiled with their officials and the latter

l.

Conservative Leader Congratulates Province

The following message has been I received from Hon. John Bracken. Progressive Conservative leader, Ottawa. on the occasion of the 75th anniversary oi Prince Edward Island joining Confederation:

“It is with s. feeling of pride in I the progress oi the people of The ' Island um 1 join with other Can- I adians in extending greetings to. them on the 75th anniversary of their entry into the Canadian Con- federation.

“Your Island ancestors were steeped in the history oi the two. great races that laid the basis ofi this nation. Your forefathers were} conscious of all the traditions that went into the making oi a British‘ North America. They heard the early talks of the Fathers of Con- federation as these early statesmen in your capital city of Charlotte- tcwn laid their plans for a united country more than eighty years‘ ago.

"Canada owes much to the Island i for the vision which led the Island's representatives to favor Confederation. I doubt if any oth-

HON. JOHN BRACKEN

credit to its people. However, I think we ust do more to restore to

er part of Canada has paid a great- er price ihan Prince Edward Island has paid in order to make Con- federation a success. I believe we owe much in a material sense to Prince Edward Island.

“Those of us who have had the opportunity .to visit the Island Province have come away with feelings of admiration for the man- ner in which the resources under

with one another. It took many Wars for ministers oi the Crown’ to appreciate that mutual collfl- dence and solidarity were among the main features oi cabinet gov ernment. The first Legislature.

their care have been developed and administered by the resent popu- lation. The Agricultural and fish-

enterprises of the Island are

eries industries. and the buslnessi a

The Island such opportunities for advancement as Confederation may have failed to provide.

“On this 75th anniversary Cari- adians from all other parts of Canada generously extend their greetings and best wishes to their fellow citizens in the Island. We wish for them the great future that their individual initiative and in- dustry fully warrant, and an equal share with other Canadians in such prosperity as the future holds for the nation we have together help- ccl to build.

“JOHN HRAGKEN"

colonial enterprisers who attempt- ed to establish settlements on he: shores.

Attached to Nova Scotia

When the English assumed con-

trol of the Colony they attached it politically to Nova. Scctia for lack of anything better to do with it. It is evident from colonial docu- ments that the imperial authorities considered it something oi a1rluis~ ance; it was too small to be signi- ficant, yet too strategically situat- ed in the Gulf to be ignored. The", asked Lieutenant-Governor Mich- ael Francklin of Nova Scctlaic re- commend devices for promoting settlement and instructed Samuel Holland to survey it. Francklin misunderstood his orders. establish- ed a tiny government and was scolded for doing so. Holland dlvl- ded it into sixty-seven lots. all but two of which were promptly grant- ed to persons claiming the patron- age of the Crown. A small govern- ment was then set up and the oi- ficials were told that the Colony would have to fend for itseitand not be a burden on the mothcr country‘. Thus preempt/only dealt with by a stern parent. the Island was shoved out at an early age in a hard colonial ivcrld. During its first fifty years as a part of the Empire. settlement and politics developed slowly but sure 1y. The original two or three hun- dred settlers wore joined by hardy pioneers from nearby colonies and from the old land. These men and women cleared the soil and culti- vated it. erected their crude cabins which later gave way to sturdy farm houses. and developed the resources of sea and forest. Suc- ceeding generations built: well upon the labours of these pioneers. and the years marked the growth oi a bustling community life based on thriving towns. villages and farms and on the results of local indus- tries which produced foodstuffs. furs, timber. and ships i0 provide for a growing population and a thriving trade with many parts of the world.

Miniature Government The institutions of governmen.

grew in similar fashion. Prince lid- ward Island is one of the smadest

which met in e tavern and nu doubt combined business with pleasure. was not a real instru- ment of representative democracy. 'In those days few men could take‘ time from the task of makin a. home in the wilderness to atgtend 5°! the aim“ NWU‘ A-mmu“ 3'9‘

th n a in. t u. - i - ° m“ m “y M“ “ m’ IBM-Chief Justice Nowell of

was little for them to do. GradW ‘ually. however. as communications. I Qfifiéifiggegiihinmihssggeziég ‘ Us)

a press“ and a public opinion de-imore definite union in his report A .

l'ed. th l i. k ' - $632M njerfiffphi 2Q,“ ‘gflalgsl l854—Nova Scotla Legislature and, in the responsible government 1 mild 0'!‘ gesfiggglltilglmvmi M 3 a. ui ed th c; d- _ Y - his adtifilseilrrs to diFect ottheemaodmldg-i 18°6*'s1r A" T- Gan‘ “dmcated ‘ tratlon according to the wishes of mgiferggmg‘ ‘jstcgél Lhé0pr°"m°°5_ Lh L!- d t. _ 1 Ld ., I ‘ a] '-—. \' B. Verillnflni. e u v sec e representaww {further suggested a union oi the Th La d u Maritime Provinces. ° n QM‘ ‘m l858—Cartler-l\lacdona.ld Gov- Such political and economic ad- iunmefti ii unmn “p” t“ justmergs were difficult in all ccl- Iqgggfibrgtfé 3106:" mgwmure re_ Zilleiiie Ildiantdlegy ihilreiafiiimfulécsfiii quasi-ed ‘he 001M131 serials" w which for more than a century‘ We“ up commumcahmns with "he

hung like a mlllswne to hamper

E How ‘Confederation

i_80%l='irst suggestion of e union other provinces to that end.

Came About I

l864—The Charlottetown Confer- ence. originally intended as e con- ference oi the Maritime Provinces to discuss a Maritime Union, bu. which was attended by delegates from Upper Canada and developed into, the conference at which the ide of the Dominion of Canada was conceived.

ism-Quebec conference held to discuss the larger idea when the basic resolutions were passed.

i866—Conference held in Imi- don, England, which framed The British North America Act and which received the assent of Par» llament and the Queen on March 29. 1867.

lS67—July. First proclamations issued naming this date as the founding of Confederation.

the 33mm °i "he 5mm 570mm’ w 1 merit. yet the Island was too iso- maturlty. Much of the land was Iated from its neighbors m be so‘, owned by absentee proprietors who iemed {ppm a distant, and perhaps knew lit-tie of and cared less for iunint/erssted capital Y“ “an”: local advancement except where it had endowed hm. with a beauty increased the "glue °f the“ M!" , and charm that forever command- ing" m may 13:15am” ‘hey m5‘ ‘ed the love oi her native sons, and lected the terms upon which tlifiiwlth manual resources that m. 511"“ We" made- muected 1W“ dered her economically comfortable from the settlers who inhabited ., amwugh not prosperous. The only

and cultivated the land. and re-i fused to sell their holdings ivhcn‘ pressed to do so by the local gov-E ernmcnt and the'tcnants. A few. proprietors, it is true, fulfilled Hi0] conditions of settlement and im-f provement, but by and large they contributed nothing to Island de-i velopment. Moreover. by their in-l

really great disadvantages “or: the disputes over land and religion which stirred up the community in the mid-l9th. century and which were caused in largo meas- ure by the tendency for contro versies to be magnified beyond their deserved significance in a limited environment, Despite such

iluence with the Imperial authori- ties. they were able to dnterfere we}; by the, 13603 and was Con“ Wlvbmcil “dmlmstratmni which _ dent that she could hold hcr Ozvn

medium! w" a ccnstan‘ 5W1“? “f I in the economy of colonial Amer‘.- trouble from bhe beginning to Con» l‘ ML |

‘difficulties the Island was doing

federation.

During the colonial era the char-

acteristics of public life on the

Island were always evident. Com-

paratively the colony was very

small: with a population scarceq:

larger than that of some to-ivrls in

the other provinces. it had a sys-

tem of government all its own and

a set of privileges with which in

defend its right to speak as a. Province. Its political institutions

appeared too big for their environ l

Charlottetown Conference

In i864 suggestions for a union of the colonies resulted in the famous Charlottetown conferem: at which the “Fathers of Oonfeu erzlilon" met and discussed the possibilities of building a great nation. 1t we‘ really a conference ‘w stud-s bfxhw-ne ilnlon. bu: 1.11: presence of Canadian delegate.

"._.l iildrr ctscilsslons. Prince

distinct lzind areas in the world to

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The Fathers Qf Confederation

H Jim

nail Geo-mi Slit‘!!! __

Fdivard Island was simply not in- terested in joining her neighbours. During most of ‘asr colonial 6A1.)- teiice she had held herself aloof from the others. Geography provid- ed a. water barrier which hampei- ed social, economic and political relations with Nova Scotia and. New Brunswick, particularly dur- lug the winter months. ‘Dhe Is- land's social and political life had been geared to its peculiar local administration.

The possession by a smell colony of a political atmosphere all its own had long been enjoyed. and although Islanders were always ready to reform their governmsnt they were never prepared to give it up. ‘Ilhey thought they would have little influence in e large

Says

The following Dominion Day message has been received from His Honour Lieutenant Going-m. or Bernard:

"BWBBW-five yMrs 18o the Province of Prince Edward Island Joined with our sister Provinces a Confederation viihlch has endured the test olf time. This union, vol- untary and loose as only demo.

forth before the world for three-

ample of advanced civilization and of progressive development of a strong, united nation.

when the nations of the struggling to outline a peace for‘ all men, we send greetings to our sister Provinces. We salute our fellow members in the British;

Prince Edward Island extend the; hand of fellowship to our rlelgh-l bcur, the United States, and to all‘ the Americas.

in the hope that all may be united

quartet! o! a century as an ex-‘

cretic federations can be, has shonef

“On this Dominion Day 1948,; world are;

And we extend to; all peoples the hand of friendship.

under God to promote the betterf

Island Extends Hand Of Friendship To All: Governorl ernarg?‘

.5. "i y»

i

f

Commonwealth of Nations. We onl y

._.4._________.__€.___, merit of lllfiflkllld lll a happy ale peaceful ivcrid.

"LA. BERNARD L “Lieutenant GHVGTIIGQ.“ 4

. Anniversary Message-

-‘_.

From Mr. M. J. Coldwell;

The following essage has been . received from Mr. J. .1. Coldweii, Ottawa, leader of the C. c. F. party in the House of Commons. on the occasion of Prince Ed- ward Island’: Dominion Day an- nlversary:

r“

“May I. on behalf of the C. C. P‘. Party, congratulate the people of Prince Edward Island on the oc- casion of its entry into Confedera- tion seventy-five years ago. .“'I‘l'le opportunity for the inclu- sion of the beautiful Island of the Gulf, with its historic associations under both the French and Brit- ish regimes. was a noteworthy ev- ent in the history of our country. Since then both Prince Edward Island and its people have played an important role in the building of our nation. “As one whose life has been x spent mainly in the Prairie Prov- M, _ "y. v inces. I realize the extent to which g i Prince Edward Island has oontri-i " MR‘ M‘ ‘Y’ COLDWELL buted both to our economic pro-' ._ Q gress and to the cultural. and edu- Cardinal of the Roman Cattle” cational advancement of our coun- Communion. _ try. hint-lead its sons have adorneg "Iuwoxuld mes-telly “add ti‘: t: ~_ our als o learning and occuple ‘wor o congraua ons e commanding positions in the pul- that Prince Edward Island mas pits of our churches. It has given 1 prosper and continue to make us Bishops of my own Anglican de- . contribution to the social, o‘. . nomination, Moderators oi both the ‘ riomic and cultural progress of on‘ Presbyterian and United Churches. ‘land. , and the first English-speaking

conference, but by e circus which was then in town.

h ieva. new

s. oomowm. ,

lent and continuous communic tlon resulted in a long series

negotiations resulted in the union on July 1st. of the latter year Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Que- bec and Ontario as the provinces oi the Dominion. though often invited the refused to Join.

'From 1864 to 186‘! a series of of charter

Al. Island

Several circumstances changed

complicated negotiations on t-li merits and demerits of boats. to . nels, and causeways The need f an adequate link with the ma-i land has always berm a vital facq tor in the welfare of the Provi and in its contribution to the

tionrll effort. i1

the situation by 1873. Trouble with

Size Not Everything the proprietors, religious animosl- i

ties which stirred local politics, tlic pressure of the British and Can- adian governments. and the BBC!" omic troubles of the early 1870's prompted‘ many Island statesmen to give union at least their consid- eratlon. When the building of the Prince Edward Island railroad ren- dered the Province almost bank- rupt, it changed its mind. negotiat- ad with the Dominion governmeni for satisfactory temps. and iolnvi Confederation on July l. 18:73» When the Governor General vlsA-

federation especiziily if the centia.‘ government were situated a long way from Charlottetown. Moreover the Island carried on only a small amount oi trade with the other provinces and she felt that lier business interests would be ail- versely affected by union. Conse- quently Chsrlottetonlans took only a passing interest in the conference in the Confederation Chamber. and when the delegates arrived they had to remain aboard ship since ll-lty could find no accommodation in Chariottoioiyn which was full

of visitors attracted. not bv the B-Pch °f welcome bme the awm‘ o.

priate slogan. "M118 Cmmfidi W“ at last."

Gradual Auiultmeni

ed Charlottetown that summer an. ‘

lince 1873 Prince Edward Island. considering her size. has adlufitd herself remarkably well to the led- eral environment. It took time to change her administration that oi an independent colony to that of a Promise. and for

tcrest in Dominion affairs. her partners, she has rontributrd some able statesmen in

em, ones. and with the others she has made many contrlbiltzons as

ilons of rights and responsiiulllies. like ‘ell the Provinces she fill!