' -—-the last surviving pupil of Na ‘ about this time, that tour of inspect on|for whiohhe

' aaanaas° reasons, one connaacinr. aevsantsna. ‘

Charlottetown, Prince Etluard Island,

lfistawbllslied 1823.

Wednesday, December 27, 1854.

1.-‘g’ Y!l,_.

nisronrofi. suiuranv OF THE RUSSIAN WAR.

FROM ITS COMIMENCEMENT .TO THE PRESENT TIME.

SUBSINUENT OPERATIONS; AND THE PROCEEDINGS - 01-‘ THE EUROPEAN POWERS. t

On the day before the battle of Citate (the 5th), Omer Pacha had again alarmed the Russians at Ginrgevo, where there was a sharp skirmish. in which the Turks had rather the advanta re. They then recrossed the river. Omer was teac iing them to forget 1829--to know their own prowess, and to place a due confidence in him, and in themselves. '

Still, it is not to be denied that the Russians were very far indeed from having any reason to dread being expelled from the Principalities by Oincr Pacha. He skilfully led forces who gallantly served him. But that was all. His means were inadequate to recover Wallachia; and barely able, if ably used, to protect the Empire. H6 could not really assume the olfeiisive; and he scarcely sticceed- ed, by the exercise of very great ability, in pretend- ing to assume it. 'l‘he Russians were. incessantly reinforced. '1‘licir siege-trains, had begun to arrive, and they had parked a liundred and twenty large

uns at C-alaiz, op osite the Bessarabian frontier, and a hundred at iurgevo. .

In the Crimea, the Czar, prescient of coming -dangers, had ordered the erection ofcoa-st batteries, which were now rising in every favourable spot upon the cliffs. At such a time, and after such occurrences,'the order reached our fleetto sullute the Russian ships. There was a better use,.thnn that. for our guns. Atfltiiistantinople, news arrived that Kars was taken, and that,‘ on the other ,hand, all Abasia bad proiiouiiced for ,Scbamyl,, and that at great attack upon Shefketil had been repulsed. ‘ ie Allied squadrons patrolled the Euxine; there was no danger of _atiot-her Sinope; and f1‘urkisli rein- forcements, therefore, were dispatched by sea to Armenia. In the following March. the Sultaii, it was announced, would join the army of Bulgaria ; and ereat and truly Asiatic preparations re9our_ided_ in Adrianople to entertain him when he should pass. A palace was newly equipped in.that ancient city. where eight hundred domestics and five hundred horses, belonging to Abdul-Medjiti, had already’ arrived. Less depressing intelligence was brought from Asia; the Turks were again the assailants,

- and were operating at Alihaltzik, and "against

llfllfl

ll» On ihe 19th of January, Lieiitenanr General

Schilders, who, in 1829, had taken Silistria, and

" fwhd was attlie head of the" engineering department _ in the Ritssiaii army. left Warsaw, in pursuance ol

:1 command of the Emperor Nicholas, and, on the

-» 26th, reached Krajova, to assume the supreme direction olflthe siege operations of the ensuing.

cam aigri. Omer Pacha had then been ill for three wee 8, in fact, since the date of the last combat at

i -.G.iurgevo andlie was reported to be dying. About

the 14th of the month,the now: reached the Sultan,

and on the 20th, or the 21st, two of his own housc--

hold physicians were in attendance upon the’ able

- warrior who had retrieved the fortunes arid restored

«the fame of the Osrriiinlis. This was at Schumhi, whither he had retired. In ten days more he was again well, and he resumed his duties. General (now Marshal) Baraguay D’Hilliers, the French Ambassador, a good diploinatist, but‘ a bet,t,er.so_ldier lcon, made-

was so well qualified; and we will note, in paging, that, at the same date,’ the Russo-Greek conspiracy broke out. Europe was alarmedmore by what could ‘ not ‘then be known than by what was ascertained;

‘ ‘and wheii Arts. was seize'd,fsuuie people supposed f that the Ottoman Empire,, - materials, was iiow- at its end, and that it .wotil_d A ‘be at once burnt out in a huge *' civil conflsgration. . "_I‘he limits of the_irisu'rrectioii, however,‘ were Isbon well known as its natiireand its.orIgin.' ' '

fil led with cfitrrlosive

- General Schildersmade li.iu.,lirst report before the and of January—-it was not the loose on _ cursory conjecture of R hostile witness, but the oificial return of an experienced Russian General to his Sovereign, xgspectiiig the losses of a Russian army. We cpiiiiot . read it without a shudder. He states that. in January, 1854, thirty-fine thousand Russian ioldiers ‘had already perished in the Priiicipalities. This is ‘ not only a Russian stat,“ ent, were, at, but the atatrerneutof one of the a lestaiid most istitrgitished :‘.Geiu.-rals in the service of the (Inn. that dhte, there l1lId_b80|l'()Illy two months, Qt‘. {ll ‘most; ten weeks of actual fighting; nor was ll, In truth, chiefly by the sword that this stupendous loss hiid beé’n 'lnfli'cré'ti.‘ Fatigiie, hunger, wont, cold, ' ti'ie"mttrsh fever, and"the cholera, had swept away

gyg.;ixilig_ofinese wlgeldhéd iiictlms to th'e__inililar'y

lombitioo ofone dmau.» . . Foi'«o.bout'a.moiith,‘=dating from the battle of "Oitato,‘both armies on the Danube were occupied jflhiefly in; preparations‘ for fighting; and it is fortit- note that t_ e illness , ‘Omer Pacha—which lasted, ‘threelwceks-occnrre after such exploits suacured his troapsfipr a while from theehonoe of any serious molesiationu But, fiirtlior, he had niilcie already his princlpalarran etuents;“a dhls pint now was to wait. lull in tie war, Count Or was etidaavoutlng. at Vienna and iu,'to detach lhsziwo great German» Court: from England and Franco and to indoelrthem to es se the cause zgph mperor N‘i_chola:.‘. " war were exactly the In which Count Oriel! was instructed to make.

. Baron Br-niinow, the Ambassador ot’=ft1lie~Bm

, .Ad't_tiiral Napier, just at Lord.’

about frfly

And yet, at"

or by the proposal of what iniquitous equivalents he hoped to succeed, we are not able to say. One day, doubtless, the details of that secret negotialiwli like those ofrnany in former times, will be made public. Ofthe minor German Courts, and of the degree to which the were swayed by the feelings of marriage, kindre , or.by the spell of his political influence, the Czar was sure. But on Denmark ind Sweden he was very anxious to make an immediate impression.‘ These two ‘States, backed by his own maritime ..powe.r'—with their coast batteries, island-fortresses, and fleets—'skilled in the marine topography of the shallow, -winding, and entangled waters which form the entrance to the

‘ Bultic,——those Powers, thus defended and armed

with all the ‘peculiar vessels that suit the scene, might have offered, in the ensuing spring, a formi-. viable barrier to a hostile expedition. ie 'zar, however, made no progress in the favour or the fears of _the' two S(:B.lidl|’I_h_Vi8llo Monarchies-,-tlie janitors of his northern dominions; and, in his rage, he at length sent to King Oscar wliat—_we may call “a last word,” which 'amountod.to this, “Look, then, wall to your own 'ivm*iras!.v.” e think he has looked to them well, and wrriild have l'qo‘ked to them even better, if, instead of i-eftisiiiir to act with Russia, he had resolved-to act against her. The reader reeives hp w. not were the necessary dimensions '0 a, war with Russia. Our, brave :ouutrymen would have-to ti it,'at the moment, in scenes which. were .tliousa ' s,of._ miles. -asunder, yet everywhereogat'nst~tb'e same enemy. Comrades, well known tocacli other woreltohelp-in": common work, while one part of them‘ were ‘in the lrozeii north, and the other timid r ‘ £p8tilen’tiaJ' heats of Bulgaria, and iofl‘ the ' good‘ vineyards of the ‘Crimean coast, with at the continent between. Nor ‘was ole lar ,, tidgiiezspaca which Europe afi'orded,.,sufiicieni ‘such fa _jctyr‘ifl_ict. " It w‘asf to rage in Asia_...and to »tbrut§n‘éi%ri' it part of, North America, Russian America, .with..it.I L jleseoce. Its range embraces-,—wédo not: uy-.man‘yverry1differ-elrit countries merely—but' qvteu in try di_s_ti,llt:t and dlssiniilar, clima.tes-.-those ""'fd)trj't0ries and divisioiis of nature herself. _ __ , . .. It was on the 8th of Fubrtiary that, at length, , , perm Nicholas at the Court of §i_.j Jaiiies, "took his reluctant aiidniemorable dephiture, from Loiidon. M. Kisselef; at the. same. moment, éaidatilie. same- .<igtlificant'l'al'e\V6ll at Paris,-to. our powerful -and faithful Ally,"‘Napol_e9,t1' the Third. Thus Eiig-_ land and France, conl'ede,ratea,foi,-d:_r‘_o-firsi‘time-in iv great military struggle. 't'o"fii,c'é,, ‘with the most .llnp)(ilWI-‘WEI’ »wlh'i‘ch,'_had .pccii;i'ed for many centuries,‘ and, be ¢l0di¢§FlP.3."j80n. the .itiost~ awful (in the,iiiedos.‘Olyig3e‘stI1lJ0tIQl1).aver. known ’,'sfi,iLi,ce the foutidarion of the ‘ World. G0llnt‘0l‘l’0fi"s niission having failed to preserve peace, war became tlie~.only road to its restoihtion‘ ‘,atid’-,jti '!lt€i.{l1.'0l"-"i that that war migiit._be siidn,.gil,g‘op‘.i men, wiqhgd it should be vigorous. Stilljhe Allies -war-..:im-. willing to make the ruptttio.-~itrotI'ueallot‘ "They frame a statement rointhe iterms on which"t'li‘e etqpld yet lI?8At with Row, otid,“htivii '*fi¢:),t‘iilned_ ' ‘W-'"*° 1.“l..'iel¢ WW. .. 8. at. " error. posal, sent '\;.t,o.',S_t.,',P,c,tp:itPbtirg. kfliiay then re- d.oiilitediheir~ytrepurotions' i”or..tb.e’-costlier. The Baltieflect xvasfitood--our,-'a.nd.Sir« Charla Napier selected for its corrini:;iii}’n "I‘ho' Freiichcofltribiiied ‘ their coiitiitge,ri,t"t,q"t s ,_eet'_‘,b11t:j "T," “"the‘ Blackqsea, ihev,iiaaiiitoioe,:lji'ii,'-', ' W 'm‘ force and even agroiner nunhqrmf than we ourselves, their proportiorvlof rise: was Qbllsldfifflbly‘Sl1'talleI‘;,""’, , ‘I ‘rllf ‘gar c'v_'al Declienes herc‘.gav'e'_piecedehcq‘.to la;_i,.t'Ia.tbe paired

P‘ lNR’B&NlC 1A *

‘F’

army of the East, yielded. lthe Marechal de St. ,-Arnaut:l‘,"_ Mrhenbnought ~a olhrgor

‘force into the il.°i‘i‘. ' ‘It was bgreods,{thivt'rtie‘expedi«‘ ’tipn,§f'the,.w ‘ '

eslérii, Qowers to'iT_u'i‘k"ey' id, in‘ the :fil,8t instance, consist‘ of ,ab‘;'i,ti’r.‘,“'qe'vcp,ty-five. thousand men, of whom the French eilqtlldufollidni

or forty-five thousand, arxlwttnflioglisti rather more than half that number. , But the ljnfrpe-“ F0! Nopoleo penly ,anuotuiced ,th‘qt;;_l_t,i ciis§.‘o‘f necessity, he _uld spare, and would send, ahuud red thousand troops to that particular scenoof con.

-liilcl; that he would maintain,.-inaddition,-agreat;

a'rm' in camp and ready for the mitrch, on the nor: iern frontier of Friuice; and that thlsihosthe would, if compelled, lead in person, to I. parrot Europe where on operations. wereoriginally con- templated, and where, he hoped, there woilldbe no occasion finally to act—a part of EliT(_)l[l€l where he should_ regret to renew "the mcmorab e’ lessons of, i806‘ and 1.3.07. Nor was this all: besides the splendid army w ich he would at onoevdispatch to '1 urlrey; besides" the mighty fleet which would act

‘in the East coifolritly with ours; besidésthc, camp

at Toulon, in t e south of France, and the niilitary centres to be. finned at Brest and Lor.ieut in the north; besides the vast, effective, and iudepoiideivi army, which would be soon collected in tHi§‘Pas dc Ctiluie; besides the eepoiid, antliiieeeuiirily suinller,

of qtweiiity-lilzeflsbips of war which wcreto, nup- p'o,r,t andibare our own Baltic iigpeoiiion !-.-ho de- icrinu fiirtlier. to-send--wlietmwopld be very moreli iiecdedtin the latter seen, but what England could not litflicientlyyritiu_p3pply-aorylliiisetl, -well spare ii_ta_l.l.—-ii undt " ’ in connection with I =nIivtil ,_ ‘ it 0%; {ya- gageirinnte he ihlfiiled-_*“-Hill. g,),',i ",1 ,., in -every instance, MI‘

3 <5

3::

Kfldliltli himwo, l

siicri facts gounyji ipiuu _ . indeed, btttljuit ‘.1 ,4 ._ _, - mm.

‘A

-to — . ‘l ., . .~'.it.«'tl:i.-L:t."l ~‘ I-"""""

I, ow! inaval. = sin"

. not so soon prepared; Even with us this was

' l--‘to the iastiolfers of the Western Powers, sent tli rough

idea of the resources and the vitality of France, and show (when we consider the coriimercial troubles and civil dissensions which lately racked and en- feebled that noble country) how much may be ac- complished, and in how very short a time, by_ the wisdom, the public spirit, the nndauuled and un- relaxing energy, the high trust highly fulfilled, ofa great man at the head ofa reat nation. We must remember,’ moreover, that al these efl'orts,prodigious as they ivcre, _by"no means laid upon the powerful and ‘gallant people, now joined with us in a hearty brotherhood of arms, a load too heavy for their strength; but were Qccompatiied by a public pros- perity long unknown, and never known to the same degree—a prosperity not interrupted by these mea- sures, atid still, in truth, daily and hourly increas- ing. Yet all this is but little; nor could we ade- quately describe the magnificent place which the empire of our confederate occiipies iii the destinies oi the Continent, without taking into the picture many particulars foreign from our present task. The feats of power mentioned, which would seem- . ll1‘lhGil‘ magnitude, to have resulted from the efforts ofmany nations, ri_ot of one, have in no respect interfered with the general service of France. They have not altered the posture of her domestic author- ity; they have not diverted the action of her foreign influence; they have not even disturbed her out- lying garrisons of occupation or protection. One Freucli force effectually guards from violence the nascent. arts at rising commerce of Algeria, along hundreds of leagues-of an important coast; another, in the capital of Italy, reminds the wavering Councils of Vienna, that Russia is not the only Power which has access to the domiiiions of the .H.O'_llS_e0fl'la[El)ll.l’g, or at whose call, and under whose banners‘, o pressed riations might shake ofl‘ the sway ofthat ouse, and make an end of its ‘ .m ire. ’ , . r 'arly in February, on the other-hand, our own military arrangements were for advanced. The Militia had, in great part,'been actually levied, and were fast acquiring that discipline which alone they waiited,to render them imperfectly sufficient defence of thoconntry iii the absence of our soldiers. On the 22d of the month, the first British detachment, destined for the East, the Coldstrearn and Grenadier Gtlards, left London by railway, for Southampton, and there embarked amidst the acclairiations of an immense multitude, who had flocked from neigh- bouring, and even from distant‘cou_nties, to_ bid good speed to their defenders. After this date rtégimenriblldwed regiment _ in quick succession. The cavalry went last ; .and the horseslw-ereso long delayed, that loud~-complaints arose on the part of ,the "public, who, ‘ in their‘ impatience, could not understand the great difficulties attending the criter- price. A part of the provisions, and especially one ' rnelitofproveiider, were in a state which proved that some base lC0lllI‘aClO|'S ‘could seek a fraudulent profit, at the cost of a great, a momentous emer- prise, upon which were beat the just solicitude, and yetithe highest hopes, of millions; and that men lived iir‘lio'could be content to swindle a few pounds, thttugh“ the miliallowed gain must diminisli the eflicieti y .of a national expedition, and perhaps wastert e lives, or ,tend inglorionsly to spill the blood,4wl»iiolionr soldiers had devoted to the interest, the-service,’ and -tlie honour of our common country. Alletliis time the l<‘rcncli were also in full activity. iireptjorces of cavalry and iiifaiitry-and field-guns directed towards the south; mid, passing ‘ilhrooghilsyous and Grenoble, reached the sea-ports .oFithc'-Mediterraiiean. There, a sufficient fleet was fast dsselrnbliii T for their transport; and" they were 'i‘tipld'ly,embarEed at Marseilles and Toulon. The heavier artillery required for siege operations was

dcstjnodipn be the last munition furnished; bnt, late utwelwereih sendin that material, it is, neverthe- ‘:leu1,‘the only particidar in which we outstripped ,-the celerity of our omulous, Allies.

‘_ ..(pISULmnI CONFLICT on THE nrtxuav.

":i.‘sI|cl1 were the occurrences‘ in the West,while the lrivig-suffering world awaited the answer of Nicholas

the '_hahd.s‘ '91’ Austria. It was wisely agreed to prepare for war, though it was modestly determined to dc-.i'er~ declaring it, until the suferb Autccrat should, by-'-his next message, in whatever sense, deliver the nations from further uncertainty. The news that the Russian Envoys had, quilted London and Paris reached Coiisiantluopléin abdiit twelve days (that is, on the 20th of February, 1954,) and’ excited the wildestjoy. The delight of the Osrnanlis overcame their habitual gravity. The ancient on pltalol’ the Fast broke into afreiiiiy of cxultntion. Intelligence of the great event‘ was dispatched _to the army of the Danube; but, before the messengers arrived, that army already‘ knew it from the wild Syrian recruits and the Barbi-buouks of Asia,‘ who tried the mettle of their Arabian conrsers in a race against the Ciovernivieut couriers, which should be the first .to . report the awful and final rnpuire between the Giaours of the East and the Gioours of the West: Hostllitlfia had been actively resumed. A_fier 'tlieir_la'te re tiles: and liumiliiitlonu at Matchin, at Uiiirgeyq, atydn at Circle, the Russians, as though

L. etrcat were. their next business, began to fortify ’ olnlieni, a place {iii to the rear, seated at the foot , of-tho’ Carpathians, and about half-way between Birbharest, the chlottovnof Wollaohia, and Jnssy, the ant ciipiial of lloldsylri. “ In I-‘olishmii they

laid largo niiliteryllflfll ilmii "Wt, finding that -

' the ruins'“of lnlteruion, - noise, as of clril moving intoi _ V _ i the ears of some of the ed\'|ll¢¢3 pit‘-Ietil but oot‘1ifl-

there was’ no advance ol' the Ttirks, and ’ own _ reinforcements were ‘constantly, i arriving, they res_nmed_ the offensive. , 2, ,. About the 13th of February, they coueéted 3 con_sider_able strength against Giiirgevo, aridmttack. ed_li, with much loss indeed, but, in this-rsense, ivith,sllC“f*59i that the Turks, after two iorlltbree da. s resistance, evacuated the place iirwperfect or er, and took. boat tolliistchiik. (This ‘-was on the 19th of February. The enemy imrilrediutely seized the town. Guns were then directed’ dgaiiist Rustchiik. .. Day and night the Russians “sought, by force and by 'guile, to cross at that ‘point. ’ 'l he resistance was des rate. Nevertheless, by the increasing weight of the pressure, Outer Pacha felt that the enemy in some lace in'ust attain th‘e"riglit batik of the Danube. The melancholy ceiiainty justified his origi_nal"p|an and dispositions. He tookan extraordinary resolution, however, ,which was in some respects a change (unless it was a corollary) of that plan. He determ' ed not to recall his outlying and fat;-extendedl ing; but, in case of any intermediate advance .ii'.ruption oftbe enemy, to leave it to act like an independent army, and to give it a roving commission- predatory, adventurous, dangerous-—-on“ the-“right flank of the whole Russian occupation. Itshould have its base upon Servia, and, in case of mishap, its retreat upon Bosnia.'Semendria on the ‘north, Usitza on the smith, Zvornok straight behind, in the west, should be to its rear, what Schumla‘ was to have been. Schtirnla, he hoped, woul'd,',take care of itself, and he of Schumla. Perhails the noble combat ofCitate inclined liisdoubtfiil‘tligqghts to this decision. The consequences of that victory were long felt; and‘ ‘on the 24th of Febrttgry, the Russians were still on their defence, and ,.rather timidly commanded, in front of Kalafat—-a. -town which accordju‘g_to their own plans, ought to.;have been stormed on the 13th of the previous month. March opened withza change. The Russians had completed their dilatory preparations; andlhey now had, for attack, all the means which theyzwere likely to have Still, on the very eve oftheir! rand aiidiritesistible advance into Bulgaria, Wallllchia was-the scene of another wanting blow. The ;'l‘lirk- ish column at"Rnhnva crossed the Danube on the 4th of March, and drove back the Russian outposts of Kalarascli with perfect‘ success, and no:_small slaughter. Then, while the whole force of, the eiieriiy was assembling "to punish this iurcad, the Turks returne_d in safety to'Raliova. On the,'.5t,li of March, iriartial law was proclaimed through all the Russias flnd_irl1,P,Ol§nd; and orders came to. the Russia_i_1,_Gencrals inthe Prineipeljties t pigepg the war inoreivigqronsly. On the 11th 0 ‘the,,,p_ome month there was it violent struggle around Kalafat ; but the Turks remained mastersrof the plateau It wasiheirlaststronghold-on the nortlierri bank of the Danube.- But they-continued to keep thesouth batik, as well as some islands in the stream. :.'I‘hat island, especially, opposite ‘Furinkai (the 'l‘ru-kish batteries which 'lie‘l ~to gain the ‘Battle of Olteuitza), will be remembered by‘ the ‘fewer. Prince Gortschakolf -.ittac_ked it-on the 15th Nlafrch, and would have gainedit very" deifrly at ‘the’; cost of 2000 men; for that‘ island, as‘ we have slfdwii,

was as niucli commanded front the south shore ‘as '

itcominandpd the north." But Prince Gorlschpfkofi lost 2t)t)0 men in this attack, and, .at the .,same, time, failed to take the island, it wonld.have_,bcen avictory of very iiiiccrtairi,,value; but it was a bloody defeat instead. About this time. between the 12th and ltith, two friga,tes,,one English.-uand one French, were dispatched from Beicos Bo» to open by force the Snlinuh Month (xvhibhiiiou the middle mouth) of the Ilnriiibe. It may seen to posterity woriderful,tbat Beicos should still'—"Ilave been the station from which to summon everi"any of the Alliedvessols. stances—-some natural, and others, ‘pérhti _sl‘ ‘con- ventional and dccept,ivc—thc'dela_vs of di oifimcy, and the dreadful storms which so lou vstvept the Black $ea—combined toreiider it as a ifiiable in appea’raiice,‘as it was fortunate in results, that the tleets sliotild return frequently to the,iI~old moorings. ‘ _.. .

Progress of the Win. 2:“

-rair. aA'r1'r.t*..or iNii_r-:iuurt.. [Won the Illustrated London Mm. Iii ‘ Barons SIIASTOPOL. Nov._8, I964.

The 5th fif November willbe memorable, in‘ fixture, on the anniversary or the hardest fought actionthut has ink it place for many years. It ttimencir" at rlnybrcn on Snnday—a lilV0rlI_('. day with the Kristi- aris, who pretend that Divine right is on their_side,'“bnd who perstiudc their soldiers that the Sabbath Is propiti- ovis—‘experience it having taught the liitterithe vinily of the pretence. '0lt¢-nitzu it is true, might huive‘li_een borne in mind, as s pl‘00l‘liliI!_ victory is not lllVI')"&IC- tendiint (it those who, for tho saiisfiiclion of one rt’: pride, break through Divine command, which ruplies that day it day of rest; but Russian soldiers or. ot Iuppoaed to reason, and no the pretence guest‘! in. The dawn broke in upon it dam and niisty rrior-‘iillig, when the action commenced. A envy glnorn _cov_ re the spin-i on the right and fronbof Our position. “4- mist rollin slowly doivn their sides into the vnli s ‘ 1 up again pori the hills wit‘ lmverlo-ii Sebn-tn i“'i ' giiiiitt the night II it“

besieged total‘!

455:- ~<c..son.

7 0 no

I l

l’r0l.lhO t\ouo.,,t)ot

cu-I were Iinobll 10 Oilejcctiitva . . ~. .~ ' oili

_ , L. li

_"'t their ;£l°W'Y»