Ebr auardian

Covers Pl-Inca Edward Island Like Ills new Pl_|hll.=_!1E"l E\n_r_v week-day morning III 165 Prince Strum Ch-.lr.nn,;-mwn, p,E_1,, by the Thomson Company Ltd

In A. Burnett. Publisher and General Manager Prank Walker. Editor , Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Membel of The Canadian PITSD Member Adult Bureau oi Circlllatlnns Bra-um omcg. in Summersidc. Montague and Alberton R:-uvesented Nationally by Thomson Newspaper: Advertising service 14 Kins Street west for-onto, Om. 640 Cathcan 5'1 Molzlman 1030 West Georgia Street. Vancouver 5.! Carnu Chnrlolxetnwn. Summerside $13.00 pay an- num Elsewhere in P.E.1 $9.00. other Provinces lllfl .U.S. 812.00 per annum

"The strongest mcrrloryts ulcaker than flu: uzealrexz -in.lr.”

incl}: 4 'l.7iI”l-:_siJ7§l7._'II7slTl'.."’2ij, 1953

Staggering Defence Cosis

The new Budget presented to Congress by President Eisenhower calls for a total expenditure in the next fiscal year of approximately $74 billion, about $10 billion more than in 1957-58. Of this amount $40 billion‘ will be used for defence. In

addition, it calls for an extra: $7 bil-.

lion in supplemental appropriations for the current year.

On the domestic front ‘there is to be less spending on aid to‘ educa- lion, public works and’ housing, health and welfare programs. These reductions will not be very notice- able for the balance of this year. This provision was made out of con- sideration for Republican politicians who have to face the electorate in November. in the Congressional election and who fear that their prospects are not too bright in any event and would be made much dar- ker by curtailment of expenditures at home while aid to foreign coun- tries is being" increased. They are bound to have aneffect on the, 1960 Presidential election, however, un- less something is done in the mean- time to bring about a resumption of huge public outlay. The admin- istration hopes, of course, that this will be possible; but no one knows whether it will or not. Unless inter- national tensions calm down soon, their hopes will hardly be realized.

The Budget, despite its huge in- crease in defence costs and foreign aid, does not call for any noticeable, increase in taxes “at the ‘present time". The President was careful to point out,’ however, that this may be necessary another year, even though it happens to be an election year. It is a point, too, which needs to be cbnsidered in this country. De- fence Minister -Pearkes has already served notice that defence require-

ments may havg to be revised up-'

wards,_ should the world situation take a turn for the worse, as it may well do. There may . come a time when the Canadian Government, whatever party may be in power- and the Canadian people--will have to choose between an adequate de- fence system and lavish expendi- tures for public works and other domestic fields requiring Federal assistance. The only other alter- native would be a drastic increase. in taxes——never a popular expedient, even when the economy is boom- ing. ‘ _ This is one more reason, of course-—but not the chief one——why every effort should be made to reach an East-West understanding

on international problems. But, un- .

til that understanding is reached, Canadians, like Americans and all other peoples of the free world, must be under no illusion respect- ing the costs of defence and the ef- fect they must inevitably have on the nation’: economy. '

Road Building

According to the International Road Federation, an organization which collects highway data from around the world, more money was spent on road building in 1957 than in any previous year. No records are available from Communist-com trolled countries, but in the free world there was a total expenditure of more than $15 billion, which was a 16.5 per cent increase over 1956.

.Considerably more than half of this amount—.$_9 billion, 100 million, to be exact-—was spent in the United Statesand the greater part of the remainder in 25 countries, although 136 countries are represented in the Federation. .

5909"‘-Ll Dlace in respect of money spent was taken by Canada, with $885 million. West Germany was a close third, with $883 million. Aus. tralia spent $341 million, while Asian Coufltries reported $657 million and AfI'lC3._$235 million. Latin American countries increased their spending to $865 million, 28 for cm ,,,,,,.€ than in I956. ' “'0

'l‘he United States, as lltlir-rllt be Gxpecled, continues to have the lar- gest highway mileage, with 3,418,000

I

, not really believe they have

A eign visitor. In Seoul, Korea,

miles. Lowest mileage is claimed by the small principality of Monaco which has only 18 miles of road. However, it is the most congested of all countries reporting, having 313 vehicles for each mile of road. The United States has only 20 to the mile.

Russia is generally thought of

as a highly industrialized country-

with large areas of agricultural and timber resources. Fishing, however,

is an important industry. In 1956 ,1

production came to 2,517,000 tons compared with Canada’s 1,077,000 tons. -

Messenger Oi Goodwill

Miss Marian Anderson, distin- guished American Negro singer and the first of her race to be given a leading role in the New York~-Met- ropolitan Opera, has recently con- cluded a 35,000 mile, 12-nation sing- ing tour sponsored by the United States State Department and the In- ternational Telephone and Telegraph Corporation:

According ‘to all reports, Miss-

Anderson’s tour was an outstanding success. Wherever she went, thous- ands of people from Kings and "Prime -Ministers to ragged little waifs reacted enthusiastically ‘to what the Prime,Minister of Burma called “her good voice, technique, acting ability,

- _ beauty and charm of mind”. The '

King of Thailand rose from his throne to greet her, a courtesy he had never before extended to a for- she was awarded an honorary degree for “Christian service to mankind”. In

--Kuala Lumpur in the Federation

of Malaya she sang for the citizens their national anthem, the first visit- ing artist to be given that distinction. Inylndia she became the first visitor from the West to be invited to speak at Gandhi’s Memorial. I

But Miss‘ Anderson did much »

more than. entertain and please her Asiatic listeners by her artistic at- tainments and gracious personality. Her very presence in Asia, encourag- ed and supported by the U.S. State Department, was an affirmati n of American democracy at its best and s. refutation of the Communists’ pro- paganda that American'Negroes, no, matter what their artistic talents‘ and skill may be, can never hope to win praise and distinction at home.

I It is safe to say that Miss Ander-

sorfis brief tour has done more to bu_ild“._ up -goodwill for the United: Staff: and, indeed, for the .,whole Western world in Asia than all the official envoys could do in a genera- tion. «

LEDITIORIAI. Nous Even unemployment can some-»

timescreate jobs. The normal ‘num- ber of employees at the local Nation-l

al Employment Office is 14. At the .

present time, owin to the larger

than-usual number of applicants for

insurance benefits, 31 are employed. ‘Ir 2 * .

Which is the world’s leading auto- mobile-exporting cbuntry? ’Most' people probably would say the Un- ited States. But they would’ be

i wrong. Britain is in top position, fol- . lowed by West Germany, France and the United States in that order.

i t t The American Council of Educa- tion, which represents most of the United ‘States’ Universities and Col- leges, has asked Congress‘*to grant

tax cuts up to $450 a year for par-

_ents putting their children‘ through college. This is one thing which the

Liberals omitted to put in their’

catch-all program. '1' '0 i

Liberal strategists are in ascr- ious quandary, to be sure. If they felt they had a 50-50 chance of winnillg an election, they would like nothing better than to defeat the Government on a no-confidence mot- ion. For the moment, despite their refence to Mr. Pearson as “the next Prime Minister of Canada”, they do _ that chance. So, to be or not to be——that is the question.‘

I’ I’ R

Economists and agricultural plan- ners in British Columbia are worry- ing over a swiftly-growing popula- tion and a reduction in food pro- duction acreage. The province’: farming acreage, a scant three per cent of its 234,000,000 acres, is being reduced through diversion of land to other uses. Already some 14,000 acres of the famous Fraser and Okanagan Valleys llavc been lost to Sl.lb(‘ll\-’lSlOll <'l¢=vI:?lDlllTlF,‘lll and it is estilnated that another 40,000 acres will be transferred to other uses within the next 25 years.

' known ed-ito

PUBLIC FORUM

‘fills column is open to the discu- don by correspondent: of question of Interest. The Gun din does not neces- sarily endorse tho opinion 91 corres- pnndents,

THE FLETCHER FAMILY

Sir,——In the issue of The Guar- dian of the 3rd inst. appeared an article on a local newspaper no longer published called the “Island‘A‘rgus." It appears that an acute observer, Mr. John Moore of Charlottetown, while en- gaged in removing an old dwell- ing discovered what appears to have .been the first issue of said paper dated November 4th, 1869, owned and published by James Fletcher.

Mr. ‘Fletcher w a s the son of John Fletcher, ofthe Fletcllers of the district they named Mount Mellick on the town road, a con- ple of miles east of Pownal. A- cross the road from the Fletcher farm" lived the Lane family who were intermarried with the vFle- tchers. Both families had mi- grated in or about 1818 from

.Mount Mellick, Queens ‘County,

Ireland. Franklin K. Lane, a well- and politician in‘ Oregon and alifornia, later Sec- retary of Interior in President Wilson's Cabinet, was a descen- dant of the family.

One of the sons of this John Fletcher and his wife, Caroline Hayden, sister of James “Yankee? Hayden of the well-known miller, merchant and shipbuilding Hay- dens of Povmal and Vernon Riv- er, was James Hayden Fletcher. Malcolm MacLeod, the well - known Charlottetown lawyer and native of Uig-g. ‘left a written re- cord ‘dated 1883 in which he re- cords that one Gay from Lot 49 took up the farm» through which flows Orwell River before 1829

John Gay succeededhis father.

. He sold the farm to the afore-

said John Fletcher who built a grist. mill near the present Uigg railway station about 1840 or 1845.

Here grew up James Hayden Fletcher. Prior to selling the Uigg farm in 1864 to the teacher in,

’Uigg. William MacPhail. father

of Sir Andrew; the Fletchers mov- ed to Charlottetown where James attended the Central Academy. After the. Argus was abandoned, he moved to the U.S. where he won a high reputation as orator, politician and editor. From 1889 to 1891 he was Lieutenant Gov-

ment he lived in Gresham, Ore- gon, where he died in 1910, aged over 80. His wife was Miss Mdar from New Perth. A brother Pope letcher was a well - known harlottetown merchant.

John Fletcher’s wife died on April 16, 1883, aged 78. Both were buried in the Methodist_ church- yard in Vernon River. '

I am. Sir. etc., FORMER ISLANDER Winnipeg, Man. '

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From ’rhe:Guardian Files) -.

25 YEARS AGO

At a meeting of about 75 lob- ster fishermen from the South Shore of the Province held in the Confederation Chamber yes- terday, a resolution was unani- mously adopted asking the De- partment of Fisheries “toadopt. some regulation which will pre- vent such numbers of outside luobster fishermen coming into any district, as to detrimentally effect the operations and wel- fare of local lobster fishermen.

His Grace. the Archbishop of Prince Rupert's Land, Dr. I. 0. Stringer, will visit the city on Sunday, February 5, and wil preach in St. Paul’s Church in the morning and in St. Peter’s Cathedral in the evening. Until recently Dr. Stringer was Bishop of Yukon.

TEN YEARS AGO (Jan. 21, 1948)

In‘. G. D, Sleel. Principal of Prior; of Wales College. left yellterday morning by plane for Ottawa where as a member of the Board of Governors of the C.B.C., he will attend the 57th

nleetinfi if the LBoal‘d. At this

and built a saw mill. His son,

“III 1..

I III!

POLAR BEAR CLUB ' . Agclinsi World Suicide

Globe sud Mail Toronto

ernor of South Dakota.’0n retire '

° ll

—

The petition‘ presented to the United Nations this week by Dr. Linus Pauling. calling for an in- ternational agrecment to end nu- clear bomb tests, is the most formidable document of its type which has yet appeared in this controversy. It was signed by 9,- 235 scientists from forty - four, countries, including thirty-six No- bel Prize winners, and many oth- er leading authoritieslon physics, b i6 1 o g y and medicine. There could be no stronger evidence of the deep alarm which is felt in the world‘ scientific community over the consequenc s of unlimi- ted testing of these weapons.

The_ exact; extent of the danger has been a matter of argument‘ for several years. It is agreed that the explosion of A bombs and H bombs produces quantities of intensely radioactive material which remain hot" for long per iods. and which maylbe widely dispersed by winds and ocean currents, to contaminate air, soil, water and plant life in places far from the test sites. Radiation from these materials, if it passes. a certain limit (there is wide dis- agreement as to what this limit is) may cause illness and death to human beings, or lead to the birth of deformed or defective children. . SCIENTISTS DISAGREE _

Scientists disagree as lo whe- ther this danger point has been approached. Those who feel that the peril has been exaggerated—‘- including United States Govern- ment officlals —- place great re- liance on a report by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences pu- blished in June. 1956, which stat- ed that “thus far, . . the biologi- cal damage from peacetime ac- tivities (including the test of ato- mic weapons)-has been essential- ly negligible.” Other authorities dispute this finding.

In any event. during the year and a half since the report was published many more explosions ‘lave taken pjlace, and they will oresumab1y.go on far into the future unless an international a- greement can be lfleached. At some point in the process. the ac- cumulation of fission products will inevitably cross the danger line. The consequences will be

cot”

sickness and death for millions and perhaps degeneration of the race.

‘It would seem the part of com- mon sense for all atomic pow- ers, regardless of their differen- ces on other points to agree on a means‘ of warding off these cal- amities, which threaten them all equally. The main diplomatic ob- stacle seems to have been the in- sistence of the United States on a “package deal." _

' Washington has argued that an A agreement to suspend tests must

be preceded by a general limi- tation of nuclear‘ weapons and perhaps by a settlement of out- standing diplomatic issues. Since these preliminary understandings have proved impossible to reach, the explosions have gone steadily on.

This approach ignores the pe- culiarities of atomic weapons.

Guns. tanks. planes and warships -

do no damage in peacetime, a- part from the economic waste they represent. ‘Even A‘-bombs», and H-bombs can’ be made and’ stored without immediate dang- er. But every time one of these devices is actually exploded. it contributes its bit to the contam-

ination of the world -— a small ,

amount individually, perhaps, but “mony a mickle makes a muck- le." If this particular form of armament race is continued with- out check, it may quite conceiva-

bly produce all the predicted hor- ~

rors of an all-out nuclear war even without any actual hostilities taking place. -

The United Nations to which the scientists addressed their petition, can itself do nothing. Only public opinion, in the West at least, can change established Government policies. However, the people of many countries are already deep- ly concerned, and this solemn warning should strengthen the de- mand for action. In his letter to Premier Bulganln this week, Pre- sident Eisenhower showed I more flexible approach than has char-

acterized U.S. policy in the past. I

and this is a hopeful sign. It is only common sense for the Great Powers to end this peculiarly sui- cidal form of competition. regard- less of whether they can agree olranything else.

Prehistoric Campsite

P. W. Luce in the Christian science Monitor

Manklnd lived in Bnitish Col- umbia. 8,150 years ago, thousands of years earlier than previously ‘mown. This prehistoric record 'Ias been cstablishedby radioac- ivlty analysis of campfire ash fopnd in a deep railway cutting 10 miles northeast of Yale, a lit- tle town 100 miles from Vancou- er. ’ Carbon ash has been analyzed in many places in America and Mexico, _but nowhere else have such ancient remains been dis- covered. In British Columbia -some deposits have been found at Locarno Beach, Vancouver, which are said to be 2,430 years old, and the famous Marpole Mid- den, perhaps the most extensive one in America, is dated as hav- ing been formed at the beginning of the Christian Era.

The race of men who formed the Marpolc M-idden has not yet been identified. but the consen- sus is that it preceded the ances- tors of the present Canadian In- dians.

Dr. J. K.. McCal.lum of the Uni- versity of. Saskatchewan is the chemist who assigns the age to the carbon ash deposits. V-arious tests from different parts of coas-

meeting applications will be heard for new radio station licen- ses.

A meeting, called for the pur- pose of presenting to the women of Prince Edward Island the ad- vanlag-»:.< nf ,in,irlinc the Canadian Msnciaiion nt ConsI.Inlcl‘.s was held Satul'c|.-3_\* at the home of IMrs. Allison lVlac.l.lean. The meet- ing was addressed by Mrs. Fred Gates. Provincial Chairman and Miss Lillian Duchemiu, Provin- cial $ecL‘ol.aly.

tal British Columbia show tliat man was active thereabouts from 1,580 to 2,450 years ago.

As far as can be judged. the -ancestors of'the present Coast Salish Indians came down from the north about 650 years ago. 0- ther tribes came down 1_,000 years earlier, then disappeared.

At Point Roberts. a little point that juts out of British Columbia. there was a settlement 1,580 years ago‘, and it is believed that these. people came from the south, pro- bably from what is,now California.

Dr. Charle_s‘E. Borden, archae- ologist at the University of Brit-

ish Columbia, and his assistant. Dr. William Matthews. are not disclosing the exact site of the recent discoveries. They wish to keep tounists and amateur collec- tors away until a thorough sur- vey has been made.

The Yale site was exposed dur- ing railway construction. It has several layers separated from one another by sand of various depths, and there is evidence of man living there at different per- iods separated by centuries. The bedo f the Fraser River is now 50 feel below what it was millen- niums ago. and this great drop has been considered in estimating the age of the deposits.

Many stone scrapers, knives. hammers, and primitive weapons have been picked up, but all in a broken condition. A further ex- ploration of the site is expected to cost. about $6,000. '

MAXIMS

They who educate children well are more to be honored than they who produce them: for these on-

I l l l i

Precoulions Against Flue ‘

By He,-mag N. Bundesen. M.D-

THE simple practice of wash- ing your hands frequently may not be as effective a weapon 8' gainst Asian flu as the new ‘vac- cine, but it does offer consider-

‘ able protection.

Authorities say there are chan- ces of Asian flu. outbreaks of epidemic proportions in various

‘sections of the country during

the winter months.

‘ SEVERAL PRECAUTIONS

Unfortunately, there isn't en-

: ough vaccine to ‘S0 BI‘0U1..‘«d- Still- ; if you can't get it. there are sev- ‘. eral precautions you can take to

safeguard your family and your- self. 1

You should develop the prac- tice of washing your hands quently. Among other things. it may save you a bout with the Asian fllu virus.

Keeping ‘your entire body clean

I and your clothes both clean and

flesh is a standard rule for good, health. It becomes especially un- poptant however, whep the flu virus is lurking about. AGE-OLD ADVICE.

And of course you should fol- low the age-old advice to keep your body’s natural resistance in good shape by eating regular and well - balanced meals and getting enough rest about

‘eight hours a day.

Just in case you aren’t'famll- iar with the symptoms of Asian flu, I think I had better list them here. Actually, they are the same as those of other types of flu: Muscular aches and pains, fever, chill, a dry hacking cough and a sore throat.

WEAK AND EXIIAUSTED Generally. the fever will last between one and five days. Quite often it will leave the patient weak and exhausted.

. If -you feel any of these symp- toms, go to bed promptly. can't ovéremphasize the impor- tance of this. Even if your symp- toms turn into nothing more than aicommon cold. the rest in bed will help you get, back to your customary routine much faster. CONTACT DOCTOR

If your fever begins to soar, you must contact your doctor right away. It may mean that something more serious than the flu is bothering you.

for says it is all right to get up. Asian flu or any other type of flu, is spread by persons who -have the disease. You owe it to your fellow human beings to re- main home and, take care of yourself. You are a threat to your entire community if you run

around spreading the virus to

‘others. , > QUESTION AND ANSWER , C. 11.: What“ is intussuscep-

Annual Meeting

The annual meeting of the P. E. I. Division of the Canadian Cancer Society will be held in the City Hall, Wednesday, January 22nd at 7:30 p.m. '

R; M JONES, ‘

._ Remain in-‘ bed until your doc-'

‘" Nous BY

llmnk goals are still P0VP|11‘3r-n says a fashion item. This is B blriw in all husbands who had thought that if they Ignored l,h_Ier1ll mey‘d go away.——w1nmpeS Y‘_ bunt

Four youths in In stolen car in Toronto are reported to have 20‘ I away from the P0599 “’l'°m they ’ outdistanced by U'3Y9““‘3 3‘ ’ speed of about 100 nules an llour. Ismael-e any justification for bull- ding cars capable of suc SP9“! on the highways'.'—Sl. homas Times-Journal

It is only 11! years aim “"- Battle of the River Plate. yet 3;: kind ‘of warfare it 1‘ePI'95°1'1 I already belongs to a day that 5 done. There could no morethbtz

a

another surface battle like

which the Exeter. the Ajax and th, Aghjflgs fought with the Graf spec than there could be another like Trafalgar.-—FrederIcton Glea- net

The colmtryman is about tenth’ to concede that botseless cal‘- rjages are here to stay; but'he still believes that a good stepping horse takes a man through life as fast as it is safe and neces- sary. Besides the social order functioned better when We had blacksrrlith shops.—Ottawa Jour- nal ‘ _

In all old country bus was I dignified man caffymg a new of women’s shoes. He had evident- ly collected them from the repair shop, and was taking them home to his wife, but had not been sup- plied with wrapping paper. A. man opposite was interested. Fi- nally. he leaned over. tapped the dignified one on the knee. and said, with a knowing wink: ‘That is right. Don't let. ‘er gad about, guv’nor!"—0ttawa Journal Afi

The Age Old Story

The earth. 0 Lord, is full of thy mercy. . . Great are thy tender mercies, 0 Lord.

ytion?

Answer: Intussusception is a condition in which one portion of the intestines is telescoped into another portion. This may cause an obstruction to the nor- mal flow of the intestinal con- tents. causing what is known as

THE Wm 4

Fustoms differ. 07;- forlnauon given to incornzm‘ ‘‘ ‘ thorlties is as secret .5 - Psi discovery about silos. In Sweden each Nu, . ~ brings the publication of I listing every Swedish and stating how much mg made — or said he made ing the past year. xg bought for $10 at any What I best seller! .. ; 4, Intelligence:

H.‘

BOY CLIMBING A boy is forever cimbin‘ Steps to the slw;

He uses any convenient To get there by. ’

He talkswitb thcwindug hers. ,:~:« Hand over hand, Up green-dyed branches gions remoter Than Samatknnd.

.I.Ig, iv» ‘ s

A boy must discover bllg ‘ g - * Conquer the sun. ’ , Bring home a star in his not knowing He walks on one. , Dorothy. Hope Magma.‘ In t.h&Cl1rist.inn

II2 Kent-SQ. DIAL 4021 p p L

a bowel obstruction, with seri- ous symptoms. ’

‘\NNUAL

CANADIAN RED

l RedC1-oss

Hon. Secretary._

t

N. P. E. I. DIVISION

CHARLOTTETOWN HOTEL .

, MONDAY, // p‘ K ' ‘Dinner ‘Tickefs—$l .50

Phone or write Headquarters, Charlottetown for reservations.

MEiET|NG.i

lid

CROSS SOCI|ETlf’_ ‘

FEB. I7Ih * 3,

THIS TO I PAY

1

I

colored charts — this

valuable pointers

ly gave them life, those the art of living well.

i...

Planned Saving Boklel Brlef and claar — with

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12

0|!

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THE CANADIAN BANK or COMMERCE

no BRANCHES ACROSS CANADA rum to seIVl'Y°”

«.

W. M. Mellish — Manager.

Charlottetown Branch,