Amusr 21. 1951

Zzvzzwsv NOTES

II‘ LGIEOI-l

our _it_EPtlRT

THE UHAKLII'I'I'E'I'IIWN GUARDIAN

TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH

ﬁg ,5...“ or r. s. rsnaxu

"rlowering rlants and Ferns of P E- Islﬂnd". are advised to preserve

Below ivili be found a brief syn- ,

. chﬂg-ilst made available to

‘American Marsh Pennywort.

ear 19:13. the Royal

Irrlladlld; ylnstltult Published I Ca k-llst of our Flora under the ‘ﬁr: o; "The Flowering Plants and gems or Prince Edward Island." The then Minister of Agriculture ‘ﬂanged to have a reprint of tthhl: nature-students of [he Islallfl, and I understand it was pretty generally distributed. 51m; that (late, however, l, con- ndgrable number of additions have been made to our flora, as follows: (l) Erucilstrum gallicum (Wilid.) 0.1-3. Schultz, the Dog Mustard. fhi; ivas found at Charlottetown, in 1926. by Professor Herbert Groh. ‘it the Division of Botany, Ottawa. m Lupillus polyphyllus, the Garden Lupin. Grcws on the Bracklcy Point alongside Sherwood Cem@(9r_v_iiote by B. Hurst. Also n liiciificld-Haroid A. Messervy. (3) Mulva rntundlfolla L-Round- leaved Mallow. sometimes called “Cheescs" from the arrangement of the seeds - note by Professor R.

teachers Mid

g. Hurst. Laboratory of Plant Path‘ i

alogy, Charlottetown.

(it Lythrum Salicarla L-Spiked lposestrife. (H. Groh, i926). Also |t west poilit. 1935-(12. R. Hurst).

(5) Potcnillla intermedia L. - Downy Cinquefoil. At the Ilius~ tration Station. New London. (Grch

i934).

(6) Gaylussacia dumosa fAndr.) T‘ at G-Dwarf Huckleberry. Black Banks, Lot 11, July 6, 1934 (Messeriﬂil-

(7) Vcroilica chamaedrys L. — Bird's-eye Speedwell. Brackley Point Road, July. 1934. (Messcrvy). (a) Pyrus ni-butifoiia x Pyrus sitchcnsis. A natural hybrid; see Gray's Manual. P. 459. Sent in by a. R. ilurst. No locality cited. i9) Cypripedium parviflorum

Saiisb. - Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper. Fortune Bridge. June, 1935, (F, s. Blanchard, Charlotte- town).

(10) Biltoniils umbellatils L. — iloivcring Rush. Introduced from Ontario: Experimental station. City. Also at Smelt Creek.

(11) c-ircx scoparia schkuhr. — Pointed Broom Sedge. Smelt Creek (B. l-iilrst. July 6, 1935.)

(12) Carcx vulpinsoides MICIDL-l

Fox scdzc. Smelt Creek, July 8. 193.5. (B. Hilrst).

(i3) Carcx tribuioides Wahlerlb. - Blunt Broom Sedge. Smelt Creek. i935. (B. Hurst).

(14) Scripus atrocinctus Femald. quack-bonded Buirush. Smelt Creek, 1935. (B. Hurst).

(l5) Jimcus acuminatus Michx. -Shnrp-fruited Rush. Creek. 1935. (B. Hurst). As the last fivo belonged to very difficult genera. they were forwarded to Ot- taini for determination.

(l6) Habcnaria hyperborea (L.) it. Br. - Tali Leafy Green Orchis. sent in from Fortune Bridge. June i935. by Mr. F. S. Blanchard.

(17) Hyclrocotyle americana L. —- Sent in. 1935. from Summerside, by Dr. W. L. Holman of the University oi Toronto.

(iii) Lnmium purpureum L. — Red Dead Ncttic. Gardens at Summerside. i935. (Holman)

(19) (lcum rivalc L. — Water or Purple Avcns. (Holman, 1935).

(20) Snaeda maritima (L) Du- mort. __ Loiv Sea Elite. (Holman. 1915). This was referred to Ot- tawa and confirmed.

(21) Cryptogramma Steilcri (G. Mel.) Prantl. - Stellerb Rock Brake, n fern from Dunk River. (Holman).

(22) Cyistopterls fragilis (L.) Bernli. - Fragile Bladder Fern. Dunk River. 1935. (Holman).

(23) Aquilegia vulgaris L. - Bu- fopean Columbine. Woods near golf course. Summerside: escaped from cultivation. (Holman. i935).

(24) Panax trifolium L. -- Dwarf Gin-WU!- I-‘criune Bridge, June. i936. (Blanchard).

'25) Cotula coronopifolin L. - The lViufi-disc. Summerside, 1936. (Roman). A plant adventive from Sth. Africa.

(26) AriloscrLs minima (L) Du-

mort. ~ i.amb‘s Silccory. Near Rifle Bulls. Charlottetown, Oct. i936. (R. R. Hilrst.)

(27) Anion reptans L. - Bugle

Weed. Charlottetown, June, 1937. ‘R- R. Hurst).

Q5) Barbnrca verna (Mill) Arch. Fariv winter Cress, Iona. Juli". 1937. (it. R. Hurst).

(29) Mcltlotus officinaiis IL.) him. -_ Yellow lifelilot or Sweet Clover fli':i""‘t‘y Peach (B. Hurst). Also at New Wiltshire (Glen. Currie).

‘i832’ Y‘.'$ll‘fl'l(‘.l‘ili\ terrestris p‘ .—-Bu1b-bearing Loosestrife. ‘graft; County. July. i937. (Moo-

(L.)

C(31) Fumnrla oificinalis L. — "mmon Fumitory. Found qt - ontaguc. Ailgnst, 1937. by E L. “m” Sllnvrvisor of illustration Stations,

‘hilflgléti-Bwho mav have copies of

lltvtev

F"! Fann Choppers

ICA I .

5c no. s ior large Io: forum. "mo" h °- 5 "lhter than above “mu- Ind lever for nnnll for

F "Miracle from nil Dealers.

' ltlmplongh 5 Co. Limit“;

,my practical‘ friend. $111915 t other step," said I, "and you'll be

the above list by pasting 1t into the back of their copies.

There are a few mistakes in the pamphlet as the proof was no‘. submitted for revision. Most of these are not serious, (consisting merely of misplaced letters), but four require special correction. On page 254, line 13 should road "Zostera marina L. - Eeigrass, locally "Seaweed" (B. Hurst.)" On the same page. line 15 should road "Triglochin maritime. L. — Sca- side Arrowgrass." On page line 13, read "Mcdicago lupulinn L. —Biack Hedick": and finally on page 284, below “Acer Negumlo" insert "Acer rubrum L. — lied Cr Swamp Maple."

We have now 625 species and varieties of plants catalogued; our first list comprised only 414 species and grateful acknowledgments arc tendered to the loocal botanists who have so generously placed their "finds" in my hands to ex- tend the records.

nvniaw SHELL-MOUNDS i l Dr. w. .1.

Wintemberg, ivsill- known archaeologist, and author of several treatises on the relics

and culture of our Indian abori- igines, has Just completed a fort- night's research into the. shell- mounds left by the Mic-macs on the shores of Rustlco (or as it is jcalied locally, Robinson's) Island. The excavations yielded a large number of stone arrow-heads. both perfect and flawed, a few axes, and two stone pipes for ‘smoking. A bOne awl and a cop- per bead were also found but ilic buik of the tools | were of stone. An interesting tllid ‘was a fragment of a pottery bowl, the first found in the Province, I am told. A considerable portion of the shell-mounds has been des- troyed by the waves washing away the banks on which they rested, and after a atorm many flakes and stone tools are cast up

on the shore. Nowhere were found the ela- borately fashioned and carved

articles such as are common in 'Indian sites in Ontario. for in- stance. Apparently our Indians had reduced life to its "lowest common denominator“! I hope to refer to this subject again, when the official report comes to hand.

The Danes have, for years, been searching the giant shell-mounds on their shores, Kjokkenmoddings (Kitchen-middens) they call them. "And what's the good of it?" says "Only an-

singing the old Cockney song - "What's the good of anyfink‘! Why nuffinkl" What the Danes are searching for, are the memorials of the past history of their coun- try: and being a very intelligent race, they realize that the search is not as useless as many oi us

suppose. ODDS AND ENDS

Are we immune’! Seldom docs the centre of an electric storm pass over the Brackley Beach dis- trict, Away to the westwaid. probably over Rustic-c. I look and see the storm brewing; the!) the black nimbus-clcud seem-s t0 separate, one part following along the shores of the Gulf. the other passing south to the retlivm wit“ Charlottetown. and both travel- ling eastward. This SW95 B‘ "m3" unequal distribution of rain. On Aug, 11th. for instance my rain- gauge showed the fail as .27 of on incl‘. while the City had. accord- ing to all accounts, a rainfall of an inch-and-a-half. Rain is most important on the lighter soils and we could have stood a great dcel more than. we got. Still there are compensations in all thlntlﬁ? we thus escape a great deal of

lightning. In the 12 years I have lived here r have heard of 0111; fill

two buildings being struck. they were on the shore: whereas

the district near Falconwood

seems peculiarly. liable to such

catastrophes. and appeals "W" "r

four times in my records-

Phyg] gyrlnu. a pond-snail ‘I -have often watched the dari- lcolored shell-snails. slowly era: - .ing about the sandy 1101mm ‘f. a near-by bfmk- M “m” ‘mm the brook is in flood. areal quantities of sand. washed down from the road, overwhelm toe hapless snails. and bury "1"" ‘M fossils for future nets i" "W" at. Dr. Wintembcrg identified I them as Phys)! ill/rind. a pond- ma“ Wm, no pQpulﬂl‘ name as far as I am aware. ‘The members o; the family Physidae. to which these snails. belonll- m"? mm- gmooth, conical-spiral shells. with the outer whorl - that contain- ing the optﬂll)! — m"? enlamj m; and that opening is sinisirril . As the last distinction is import- ant, it must be enlarged unﬁn- when you hold a snail with the spire upright. Ind "19 °l‘°“"" portly facing you. "lncrve this. if the opening looks left-ward (sir; tgtral), and the coils of the stir‘ run contra-sunwise. the" U“ 5"“ i; g pnysa. The other genera ‘of anuilr have the opcninﬂ “Pxlml (or facing right-ward) and 1:11P coils run sunwisc. When ' ‘t’ Phys: extends its body from i shell. it is seen to have n fringe round it: and as o. last distinction. its tentacles are longer and more slender than those of other snails-

These and other freshwater Gas- icropods are scavengers. d(~‘"°"" ing both animal and vegetable re- mains; and in turn furnish food to o multitude of more highly oiganioed creatures.

APPOINTED TO SENATE

WASHINGTON. Aull- l9-—(AP)-- Governor ‘Bibbo Graves. of Album" -,|1°"ncM (who; thr- nnnolntiricut of his wife, Dixie ﬁibbs Graves. t"

Q63, ‘

opsis oi ttaegiaphic lccnved at the Head. office of the Bank of Montreal B-"ﬂnQtK-s. Our managers have Eknowiedge of each local situation 18nd are in touch with crop con- (hf-Oils in all sections of the dis- "ltis mentioned.

GENERAL

I Grain cutting is now general ‘throughout the Purine Provinces, and has commenced 1n ballClS. In Alberta general

except 1n the dnrlct, have benefited 1=1l(‘->ﬂ(\‘li crops and pastures, but |aro ioo lute to affect materially l

the ro-Yn crops and returns will ‘vary \\‘i( 21y in the different parts ‘l! U"? Province. Ln those portions of Saskatchewan where a crop will be harvested early returns indicate that t-lic yields will be low. In Man- loba. on the whole, prospects continue favorable. although rust has lowered the yield and grade of wheat in some districts. In Quebec Province crop prospects generally ‘remain satisfactory, under favorable ivcatiler conditions. and in Ontario the condition of the crops as a whole continues very satsfaclory. ‘n the Maritime Provinces good mrcps of the main staples are look- ‘cd for. with above-normal yields of apples. In B"1tish Columbia ‘prospects are good in respect to titrain. hay and roots. and very (promising for tree fruits. Details follow:

PRAIRIE PROVINCES

ALBERTA—Shower5 have delayed wlr-nt iinwccstiiig over most of the province nnd warm weather is now

ﬁnd Wﬁipml-‘l ‘rcquircd. In the Pence River Dis-i

lrict. where dry ivcathcr has con- tilru-“rl. at fair crop is maturing rapidly. Irrigated crops are good. Sonic scattered hail damage is re- ported. SASKATCiIEWAN-Cuttlng

prospects warrant the cost of har- "Qstlllg OWN-lions. Wheat threshed

confirms early indications that yields will be low and. the crop as a whole small. Weeds show

heavy growth. The feed situation hug improved, although many dis- trlcts repolt a shortage of fodder. MANiTOBA—Although harvesting openitiong have been interrupted by occasional rains, cutting is well advanced. While some good yields of wheat. and coarse grains n-"c being obtained, reports indicate that rust damage has lowered the yield and quality of wheat in 501118 districts. Further local hall damage is reported. Pastures generally are good. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

EASTERN TOWNSHIPS AND OTAWA VALLEY—Gra1n5 are maturing rapidly and cutting of oats and barley has commenced. Fair to good yields are looked for. Calming peas ilave been damaged

some extent by heat and in- sects and the yield is likely to be below normal. Tomatoes are up to average. Fodder corn is showing excellent growth. Potatoes and olhci- root crops are very promising. Completion of haying operations has been delayed by rains in some parts but mostly the gathering of a generally satisfactory crop is about finislicd. Pastures continue in givid condition. Tobacco is doinrr wcli. Brwrics both Wild and cultivatcd arc plentiful and abide-S and other fruit-s are expected to

give liver? rte and Hotter Yields- Lmvrm e13 LawRE-Nrll‘. AND I ARE sT. 1mm DISTRICT-

Grains are ripening well and clit- I'm! will comm-once sho“tlv. Satis- fpctory viclcig are idlcated. Prospects ﬁr.» gmd for potatoes. root crops and other vcgctabics. The gathering of a good average hay crop is well advanced but has been delayed bv rains. Pllltihﬂrvlﬂg are not ilp to expectations. in some dktricts ‘Jill qpncrnlly. EllOhrr with other small fruits. are ffil“ly plentiful-

PR OVINCE OF ONTARIO

Rain; during the past week rc- tardcd harvesting ommtions. but

wcvo lwncficial to root crops. pnshircs and corn. Except in northern sections a heavv hay

cmn hi): hccn stnrcd 1n fair con- riltinn. vicldq of fall wheat. bqricy md crvlv (‘Vila ore satfrtfactorv.

Sonic rust damage is cvicicnt in We varictic- of oats. and tiiclds \v‘ll »- cuvloilcd. Second growth

alfclfi i- making good nroﬂPss "l"! viiiiii)" lies commenced: Pastures have 510ml rm u"‘ll b't are showing n scasnl-il dcclincf Smell {mils zch-rniiv ivcrc satisfactory. Peaches and f“li‘l\' nnnlcs are we'i sized und promising. Late apples and pears arc cxpccttd t0 be slightly below nvr-rllgc in yield. Priming oi fluc-curcd tobacco is PYOJWS-Slntl- Tho icni i: bright. of good quality mid is curing ivell. Burlcy and black fircd tobacco on heavy land have ')f‘(‘n adversely affcctrd hv cxccssivc illffstll"? and yields will b.- ivcli bcloiv average.

WAR ITUVE PROVINCES

Tin- rlrv mall has been broken by l'(‘("‘nt rains which have been more or lcss gcncrai. Apart from some damage in Nova Scotla to grain crops fmm army worms, conditions arc satisfactory. Reports

Silver Fox Farming‘

reports re- I

from its

is general in districts where crop’

At the invitation of the Purina ‘Mills. three hundred fox ranchers fromthe United States and Can- ada will attend an International Fox Convention in 5t. Iouis, Mo., on September 14th and 15th of this year.

An article by E. B. Kiiiens which appears in the August num- ber of Fur Trade of Canada en- titled. "August on the Fox Ranch" is interesting. We quote in part: -“During July and August the subject of feeding becomes of par- amount importance to most ranch- ers. The pups have now develop- ed to a sufficient size to require

, food in ample amounts. With pelt ;values as they are the producer (‘of silver fox pelts of average to good quality has a margin of pro- fit to work on. Where the pelts are only average, however, with no tendency to the better quality and values one has not a large margin. Ranchers as a result are , trying all the time to increase this [margin by finding better foods ‘(and feeding methods. This fre- quently results in poor pelts pro- ‘ duced where the rancher has not supplied the proper development “ of the animal and the pelt.

During the summer months for the size of ranch I have, I reduce ‘my meat costs greatly, and feel ‘that the commercial fﬁx foods , 110W 011 the market go a long uiay jln producing a balanced ration. My meat bills I keep as low as 'l1ossible by feeding ground hogs land horse meat when these can be obtained.

There is considerable discussion among ranchers re feeding various milks-milk. clabber milk, butter- milk. etc. One rancher who pro- duced in past years a large num- ber of prize winners fed his foxes curdled milk exclusively for the milk portion. I recentlyreceived some correspondence from ranch- ers on the milk and feeding sub- ject, and quotez-"It will not do to feed milk which is in the sour- lng process. It will loosen the bowels entirely too much. Clabber milk is practically predigested and is as good or better than sweet milk, but if it is not clabber it should be sweet for good results.”

“Clabber milk, for ideal pur- poses, should have reached that stage where it is of even texture throughout and resembles junket. It will do to use after the curds and whey have sepamted. if the curds are not yet porous. When in this condition it should be well

stirred before feeding to maintain proper proportions of each. But 1 ‘do not believe it to be good busi- ness to use it after the curds arc porous and the milk has an un- pleasant odor.

It is my belief that the feeding of clabber milk will result in a more lustrous pelt. and possibly a silkler one. I know that the prac- tice is equally successful as sweet milk feeding and anyone can see the advantage of eliminating an especially perishable product from the ration. 1n some sections it is difficult to secure sufficient milk. and in this case it can be replac- ed with powdered milk with fair success. However, it is important not to confuse the respective pro- perties oi powdered buttermilk and

‘the Black Fox Magazine.

test showing Bacillus abortus, the bacterium rc- , sponsible for cattle and horses. The method and

serious the presence of

a number of animals will

their young and others in same herd produce weaklings that die in a few days. Certainly every case of abortion should not be _ascribed to Bangs

$1

verso. This powdered milk may be mixed with dry cereal or mixed with water and used as regular milk.

By this I do not mean to imply that fresh whole milk is not good for the pups and suckling vixens. I merely mean that it is by no

means an essential. However, whe- i the milk‘

ther sweet or clabber

_shouid be whole for the pups if proper growth and development‘

are wanted, and skim milk will produce a better colored pelt on your pelters."

A new bone-setting formula per- fected by Dr. Otto Stader of Ard- more, Pa, may be the means of saving the lives of animnls hereto- fore destroyed after they had broken their legs.

pins into each side of a broken bone from an adjustable brace. This method permits a dog to walk while the break is healing. Dr. Staders new contrivance does not restrict blood circulation or cause nervous irritation as did the old splint and bandage method.

William A. Ellison, Jr. is the author of an article on Techno- breeding, in the August number of from which the following are extracts: -“'I‘he question has been frequent- ly raised as to whether silver foxes and minks are susceptible to Bangs Disease, or what is commonly called "infectious abor- tion." Recent research by French Canadian investigators seems to answer this question affirmatively in so far as the fox is concerned.

I have heard of a case wiiere several female foxes aborted be- fore their time was up. Theﬂown- er of these foxes had fed them meat from a cow infected with Bangb Disease. A blood test of the foxes gave a positive reaction showing that the foxes were suf- fering from the same disease. In one case reported, 60 females were involved. 28 of these aborted from three to tcn days before their time was completed.

The foxes gave a. positive blood the presence of

Bangs Disease in

technique ‘employed in establish- ing this fact was the same as that used in the best for the dis- ease in cows.

The contaminated meat was fed after the females were pregnant The opinion was expressed that the disease might not be so disas- trous unless the infection occurs

actually during the gestation per-

It is impossible to say how this dis- ease is in the silver fox industry.

10d .

The fact cannot be overlook, how-

evr. that abortions do occur with- out apparent explanation amont!

both foxes and mink. Sometimes they have the appearance of an endemic or localized disease.

Sometimes there are cases whore lose the

Disease, for there are many factors that pro-

Dr. Stadersj method is to put some aluminumi

.‘ varies greatly. depending upon the

duco abortions. and to attribute them to a false one would only be to cover up the real cause. Since it has been definitelly deter- mined that foxes can have the disease, it behooves every fox far- mer to be on his guard and to ox- ercise every safeguard possible. Those fox ranchers which are ic- cated near live stock areas should be very carefully watched.

skim milk. Powdered buttermilk runs about 6 to ‘l per cent. butter fat. while the skim milk runs to 1 to 1 1-2 per cent. So one can see that while the buttermilk would be desirable for the feed- ing of pups and adults, it would be deletrloous if fed to adults which are to be pelted, and vice ___________.___i

Potatoes and other root crops are progressing favorably. Harvesting of a better than average hay crop is practically finished. Pastures have been greatly benefited by rains of the past, week. A heavy crop of blueberries is being gathered. Allples are sizing well and above normal yields are looked for. PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

Bangs disease is probably the most serious single disease in the entire live stock industry. Althouch the specific organism that pro- duces it is different for goats, cows and hogs. the symptoms and clinical evidence are indistinguish- able one frcm the other. The usual route of infection is through the intestinal tract but there sccms to be no actual limitation to the manner in which the bacteria can gain entrance to the body. In- fection may occur from eating thc food contaminated with the bac- teria. from milk taken from in- fected cows. or through cuts 0r abrasions in the skin. The bac- teria withstands drying well and may be transmitted through dust particles breathed into the lungs.

Cooler weather with showers has been general in most districts and W15 beneficial to most crops. Grain 91°95 indicate good average yields. Haying continues. with quality and yield above average. A good crop of hops is in prospect. Field toma- toes have been slightly damaged by rain and shipments have been delayed. Early potato shipments are practically over; late varieties of 800d quality and yield are being marketed. Other vegetable and root crops are satisfactory. A fair I4. good crop of apricots has been picked. Picking of a heavy crop of Benches has commenced. Early ap- Dles are moving in volume and late varieties are developing and colouring well. Yields of trce fruit, remain unchanged at: apples and 9"" 9° Per cent of average; 1131101195 I10 per 0623C and plump and prunes 100 per cent. Pasturage

The disease is controlled with difficulty and is transmitted vcry easily. A great number of labora- tory workers suffer from it even

ILARGE PUP CROP

on grains arc variable, but generally fair to gcgtLyiclds arc looked for.

Insure o largo crop of healthy.

(I ti ood on m!“ g m most district's rigorous pups this your by feeding

ltd watcr for irrigation is plentiful,

|oucceed Hugo It Black as Senator film! Aiobuml.

HZALIMU

IDX 8- POIIURYIIIDS

SILVER llP BlSCliti CO. LTD moncion ma.

ROYAL FOX FEEO

Benito during fonner reason: ohowl that the use of Royal with u 300d meat ration is the molt pool- tlva way known for the rancher to oecuro beat breeding results.

Inoiot on RoyaL

All your dealer today or write

direct to

The St. John Milling Company Ltd.

hint John New Brunswick

Entymology

THE APPLE MAGGOT

The adult of this insect is a small fly about the size of a house fly, but with its transparent Wings conspicuously crosscd with black bands. The appearance of these flies in the summer varies some- what with the season. They may appear early in July and are usual- ly present ln numbers by the third wcck, the greater emergence oc- curing early in Ailgust or during the last week of July. The flies . fecd upon the waxy surface of the ifvuit, first moisteuing any solid gpnrticlcs with saliva ejected from l tile mouth. Several (lays after em- erging they begin to lay their eggs, one in a place beneath the

PAGE NINE

CONSER VA TION

A WEEKLY COLUMN OF PRACTICAL OPINIONS ON TIII VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USESuAND ABUSEB OP

NATURAL RESOURCES BY EB. LUDLOW JENKINS.

MARSHFI ELI).

IIAWK MOUNTAIN.’ THE a GREATEST STEP FORWAIID.. IN BIRD I'RO'I'E(."I‘ION

(By Hon. ilcnry Shot-maker) (It-pied from the Alumna 'l‘ribun(- Saturday, September 28, i934

lskin of the fruit. During cold. wet and windy weather the fliesf are more or less sluggish as re-. ‘gards feeding or egg laying, but3 ‘are very active in bright sunny

iveatllcr. The eggs hatcii in from

fli'e to twelve days into headlesx, lfootless cream colored maggots.‘ which bore through the fruit int all directions until it is honry-l combed by their tunnels. Its workl should not be confused with that of the codling moth, previously l described. The length of time that l the larva spends ill the fruit

variety. weather and ripeness of’

the fruit, etc. »Tl‘i0 length of .ife

of the larva may be as short as

twenty-four days and as long as’ two months or even more. Fruit

containing maggots usually drops

primaturcly and the maggots do

not leave t-he fruit until lt has lai-

len to the ground and has remain-

ed there for several days, usually

not less than a week. Upon leaving

the fruit the maggots enter the

soil where they change to pt/lpﬂt‘ in i which state they remain over an- l‘ other winter as pupae.

Destroying tile fallen fruit is a sure method of controlling the lu- sect 1i faithfully followed. This should be done once a week, at least, beginning with the earliest infested drops and this method is the one that must be relied upon where the others are not available.

The use of arsenate of lead, 1 lb. (powder) to 40 gals. of water ap- plied once when the flies were ob- served. which in the average sca- son will be about July 15th. and again two weeks later, gives excel- lent results if well and thoroughly done. and provided there are no untreated sources of infection near at hand. It. will ilsually be suf- ficient to defer the last summer spray until about the end of the first or second week in July, re- peating the application near the end of the month. When it is necessary to apply a fifth summer spray for apple scab the addition of arsenate of lead will enable it to serve as the first maggot spray. It is particularly important to have the trees well covered with the poison through the early part of August, for this is the time when the greatest number of eggs‘ are laid. By this method most of the flies are poisoned before they can lay their eggs. Any of the

,sulphur-lead arsenate dust (90-10) or a special dust containing 92 lbs. of hydrated lime to 8 lbs. of arscnate of lime. may be employ- ed. Poisoned Bordeau dust docs not secm to be quite so effective

Unfortunately for the grower whose orchard i; infested with this pest the establishment of stringent standards governing the amount of arsenical rcsiducs allowed on fruit offered for sale. practically closes the home market to fruit treated as we have recommended. The adoption of similar standards here I might result in a partial dcteri- i ment as regards markets. i-ioivcver it is hoped that other methods more or less in the experimental stage may be equally as effective and at the same time obviate the method of destroying the fallen fruit.

THE DOCK SAWFLY

In certain localities considerable damage is sometimes caused by a ‘green larva about one half inch long which is found in the fruit of thc apple in the fall. into which they have burrowed mid there excavated a small chamber large enough to accommodate‘ their body. plugging up the en-l trance _hoie ivith small particiesi

-—_~ 1.“: ,.- ,

whcn the greatest. protection and‘ safeguards are used. Fox or mink

farmers who have reasons to sits-

pect that unusual abortions on

their ranch may be duc to Bane/s

Discasc should contact competent

authorities such as their local vet

erinarians for a thorough analysis

of their problems."

(also present. Reports were commercial orchard dusts such as ‘ from the various committees and.-

Thcre have been Audubon Societies and Lilinnczln and Bird Study Clubs, iveil-lnoalllllg and sincerely managed. but in n short time they have all Joined that dole- fui category ivhicii recites the pass- ing of first one illen flllDlll€l' specie: of American bird life into the realms of oblivion. that intensively nilve and

cncy Conservation Committee headed b)’ Mrs. C. N. Edge. Oli top of having pcrformcrl prozligies for uild life protection in a span of existence of less than ten years, the committee has now put across

eaten off while making the bur- row.

This insect is only incidentally P- P?“ 0f the HD1110. since its na- tural food is the leaves of dock and it naturally passes the winter in chambers in the stem of this plant, in the thick bark of (lid trees or by preference, in soft de- caying wood. Wiilwllllf; Places are not abun- clnnt. however. as iii young or- cllztrtls with smooth bark. it fre- qiielitly bores into tile fruit iii the manner described. for the purpose 0f passing the winter there. The insect pupates inside its burrow i“ Spring. emerging one or four weeks later as an adult. This is, a dark colored insect about three-

elghts inches long with four trans-l

Parent wings. Eggs are laid on the dock leaves and the emerging larva feed upon the leaves. There are three generations each year,

Clean cultivation of the orchard in the spring destroys the fond plants of the larvae and forces the 98B laying female to seek other quarters. If this is not praplLged the banding of the trees with tan- g!“ {Ont P511)’ 1'11 SCDt/ember with

Prevent them from reaching the fruit.

AGRICULTURIST. -——-_____. CARLETON W0ME'N'5

. INSTITUTE Tiir. Jilly meeting‘ of the cane-

ton Women's Institute was hefd at

the home of Mrs. Nathan Bell. MEPUYIB Opened by repeating the‘ women's Creed in unison. Nixie

members responded to roll call by

Not so‘ viriic i organization known a. the Elncrg- 1

Where its favorite _i

the greatest accomplishment in bird conservation for all time- , i-inwk Mountain has been acquir- l i-(l and Will be safeguarded. What i‘- Havvk Mountain? Some ma; n k. Hawk Mountain is an lsoiatcc ])‘.‘E1l( in the Blue Mountains above Ureherviilc, Schuylkill County, Pa. ' which is the crossing place of many ,.‘~pecies of ilawks in their lniglrat» . ions. Urged on by munitions- makers and glublasiiers of sub- yalflilPfl "out-door" magazines | ‘sllcri-slgiltcd and hot-ilcaded ele- ‘ ment repairs there at lnigratlor LllllC to mcrclle sly siailgillcr the pfl sill: ilaivks. Ulitoid thousand: of UIOaO tienutlfil‘. and useful birds

lirivr- been lllﬂbbiidlPd ivltii not a voice raised to save them. Ai- tliough many of tile migratory

species are protected by the feder-

al migratory" bird law, and by the . laws of Pennsylvania one has never heard of national or state vvllrcicn on hand to protect. iiic ~ suppo etily raft-guarded by x

Lat-tiers to Lile Pelillsyiioilla Game C0illmi5d0fi are ignored. until one would think the officials sworn to protect wild ilfe were check and jowl with the pilbiisiiers of "killer" lilﬁifllllitx» and shot and siieli manufacturers. As hawks are the great protectors of wild life, by maintaining nature's balance, in removing the sickly and diseas- (iri specimens of game, they deserve l LllQ protection of all true sports- ‘ meil. A. tiavvks are great friends of

agriculture, preying not. only on rats, mice, s-hrews, moles but on VENOUS insects, they deserve the protection of the farmers. Aa , bi-aulifiers of mountain scenery by l their glorious aerial evolutions, i they deserve the protection of i natur lovers. As part of the wild ‘ life guaranteed by an mtemational treaty, they deserve the protection of federal authoritfm. But they get nobody‘s aid. The hand of everyone is against them. Small wonder that, hawks taken as a. whole ,' have decreased ninety per cent 1n

the past fifty years of their inane ‘ persecutions. The members of the Emergency Conservation Oom- mittec mindful of all the agenclel that are derelict in hawk pro- tection has seized the rudder and headed the waterlogged ship bird conservation for 1cm muddled waiters.

Hawk Mountain. the scene of the greatest and most senseless slaugh- iter of useful bird life that thf ‘world has ever witnessed will bi ipoiioed and fenced. The pool migrating hawks should now fl) across 1n safety to try and find winter retreats where they will continue their ceaseless labors for mankind. As if placed in this

Ell/mg the name of their favorite‘ worm by a ‘vise Probjdence w “d

garden flower. Tivo visitors

heard the following new ones appointed:

Sick. Mrs. Kchcc and Mrs. Stewart lsfacMlcken; Program. Mrs.

Hart)’ Muttart and Mrs. Nathan Bell; Lunch. Mrs. Harry Iioilli, Mrs. Leo Kelioe. and Mrs. Robt.

Hardy. A discussion followed con- cerning the annual ciistrct con- vention which was hcid at Trynn Julv 19th. It was ntovcd and sec- onded that Mrs. Kenneth Multan be the new secretary for next year's convention.

It ivas decided to hold a Grab Bag Sale at tlic ziext meeting which is to bc ho d at. the home of Mrs. Stewart MacMickcli. Roll call is to be answered by cacii mcnibcr

were‘ out the rodent and insect pests, in

places where man cannot penetrate,

(he hawks after valiantly playing l their part have been paid in the l leadcn pellets of death.

It takes some courage and forti- tude to go to protection of a persecuted man or woman, let alone a proscribed bLrd or animal Some of the best and wisest human be- ings iiavc laeen stoned to death or broken on thc wheel or stabbed and

|hanizcti like happened to old John ;l3rown at Harper's Ferry. The migrating hawks. whose instinct takes them unsvvervingly across the fatal mountain. have at last found .11 friend. Wartieil, of the Emerg- ‘cncy Conservation Commit-tee, aid- ed by deputy sheriffs, will be on

stair.a.:‘;".lr:..it::.:".:l":;:.::‘at. 1353.90.13. emigre- interesting fruit guessing con cst It ._" 1 t _ ivas then conducted by Mrs. Robt. i Pmmg”, Scull?‘ segsmem; Hardy" This “'85 “now”! hi; dog,“ tcenrs ivltli kindlv references to the ious refreshments scrvcd y ic~ _ __ ~ ' ' ‘_ hostess. assisted by Mrs. Stewart. ‘ “£25 sgieucpfaifigi ,0? MacMickcn. Tlic mcctilig closed Adan-W ‘J I n °_ *0 1h to mm the National Author“ ‘guild-that? rllfTe nntlllim: lilo 1 3'2?

- .\ . i ~ 1' , _' ~ .. lniuch ns an human bcilur, and to

v

(4 to 6 scrviilcs) . T“... tablospoong- huttbf‘ 1 (m- (cross that mountain ullmolcstcd. as

irm. 2 i-z cups tliin'v sliccd p0- ‘tho law doclairs. Pcilns_viv'otiirt, tam“ z sprigs pnr_1(\“" 1 5pm; . though licr garlic rommiswon Chi,“ 3 Pups water‘ 2 bouqion gland" convicted of gross neglect in cubcs, 1 cup ivliolc milk. 2 cut! m" H-“Vk Mmmlmn hmlllri yolks‘ 1_._. cup cook“ rmﬂs‘ applauds (ho gallant gcstilrc of ' He," bun" in knmv‘ Add m- l tlic Emergency" Conservation Coin- ions. cook 1 m‘iiutc. tlicn add po- ‘. mm" and Mrs» Ed?“ 15 {akin-ll “mo. nmsyﬂ. and (mwg cm, ‘ Hriivk Mountain out of ilic sham- m. “m, WMNJ‘ m” bmmm, mbps‘ ‘ blcs (‘lll-S and making it saliciilnrv. no.1 u“ skin,‘ and 5mm,” "hm Lot vs liopc t-liat the lawless cle- nmmnrs an, For,‘ KN‘, rﬁvprod‘ mcnt will rcspcct thr- riqlits of thc

‘hm through cnlnndpr‘ M,‘ milk ‘hawks and tliosc who patrol illi-

nnxm, W...‘ M! wit“ Sm. o"... | mountain and ;n ‘tho long ‘villi

W‘. ﬁr, "mil thick ti..." s.,._.‘=n‘ Tﬁflli/J‘ tlizit (‘\'(‘l'_\' bird has its p.."(‘(".

Add Dcas. iicrit through and scr"r' m Nﬂmws PM“ “ml 1410p“ by Gorli, will.

at once.

. ____ ‘s:

Special Ration for Potters

count-s. start fccding R-M Vita- (‘rurnhla "A" (Rt-it'd) by Sep- tcmhrr 15 at latest, — with Standard (‘ubcs “A" for Sun- days and Emergencies.

Write today for the Ross- Miiicr Fox Feeding Schedul- nnd frce samplel.

Ilcrc we are illmﬂsl. into Scri- tcmber and it is time tri start feeding peitera a ration some- what different. For brccdcrs we recommend Vlta-Crumbla "B" (Refill the year round. with R-M Standard (‘ubes "B" for Sundays and emergencies. But if you want fur of rich colour and quality when pclting time

Agents Wcst of Hunter River: Messrs. Brace, Mat-Kay & Co,

Agents East of Hunter River:

Mr. J. Robert Mulch. Charlottetown .P. E. I.

.055‘ - Maui

l. ., Summerside. P. E. I.

its

ONTARIO

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Fox Fnons

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