,1M,i_sR(JI-I_ 4._1_9§8

“EXPORT” QANADA'S FINEST CIGARETTE

---_~ ICE FLOES JAM COASTAL IIARBORS Nov sini-l- i934 ilavc Nove Scotls pal-burg bccn so jammed with ieo Cilpi. w J Bulcom, ice information officer of the Department of Trent

pm reported in Halifax Friday,

Th; department's flying ice pa- h-oi will begin operations on Mm]. 15, when an aircraft will be- gin daily flights from Gsspe to Cape Race, reporting on ice condi- tions in the Gulf or St. Lawrence and adjacent waters, the captain liliil .12 Hfllliflx Frldfly.

'i‘lle pAiFOl aircraft will operate from eilher Moncton or Oilarlotte- town, and Angus Brown, chic; o!- licer on the department's ship Brnlli, will act as observer aboard ‘Ill! plant‘.

Tile healy ice floea which have made harbors impassable along the eoasls of Nova Bcotia forced the mall lrlton trawler-type depart- ment vessel Brant la'st week end io tackle and break up “board" ice ‘it inches thick at Maihone Bu]. as the snlall ship, not built for ice breaking, smashed: channel into the harbor to free the vessel Gen- ersl Drury.

"we never thought she could do ti." said Capt. J. A. Arsenault, unintel- oi’ the Brant, upon return to Halifax. lie said that it was levy surprising to him when the small vessel broke up the 11-inch Ice.

The GeneraIDrury after leaving Mahcmc Bay suffered an engine TlNHNdOWll duo to fighting slob lee. end the Brant towed her to Lunen~ burg. The Gereral Drury. now nailed by Connors Bros. of Black's Berber. N. 5.. is being converted for cmflns fish at Maihone Bay and Lunenbuli. One of the engin- ecrs on the 0.0.8. Brantds John A. McKesrney df Lower Montague, T» E I.

_._.____,__ wnrexlm conrcnnou

CIRBEIITRY, Man. -- (OP) — It's not cold weather or lack o: shav- ini nlsterisl that is causing some N Cerberry men to go around adorned with s generous growth of hair on their faces. They're seek- lng the beardgrowlng champion~ ship to be held in connection with s carnival here.

iiliiiNCiiITiS SUBDUED

You quickly assist in clear- ing the throat and relieving l "lush when you inhale Cellrrh-o-solle. Simply splen- did the way it helps to ease l "silt chest and take soro- ncss out oi the bronchial iubcs. To the sore passages In ihc noso and throat, Catnrrh-n-solle send soothing medication: it contains cool- "II medicinal vppors that hclp to loosen the cold and relieve congestion. Two Irlonihs‘ treatment 50c. trial size 25c. at all druggists,

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Fluid nmcrriiuiicliiii

Problems Ill

scussed At

v Farm Institute Meeting

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The monthly meeting of the Ag- ricultural Institute of Canada, Prince Edward Island branch was held on Monday evening Maloh 1, at‘ Birch Court. Experimental Ma-

on.

After s. short business session Mr. Claude Smith, s. prominent milk producer near Chariottcimvn, gave a very interesting talk on ‘Problems in fluid milk produc- tion from producer to consumer." This was followed by an interest- ing discussion period.

Mr. John Martin of the National Film Board showed two films. one on wild life In the National For- est Ares. of thollnlted States and another on milk production.

The following ls the text of Mr. Smith's address: .

“The importance cftiie dull-y in- dustry perhaps is best explained in dollars and cents for we are told that about 35 cents out of every dollar that is spent in Call- ada for food is spent for dairy mo- ducts.

"The milk that is carefully de- livered to the door, the creamery butter. the piece of cheese, the delicious ice cream is such s oom- mon sight that it is more or less taken for granted. Canada does about $400,000,000 business in dalrv products, which represents a aapi- tel investment of nearly three and one-third billion dollars.

"The cow population in Canada is about four million. This gives employment. either directly or in- directly, to about 17 per cent of our total. population. There are about 4500 plants, both large and small, where milk ls handled or processed.

Hugs Investment

‘This represents an investment of about till-ea hundred and nine- ty-seven million dollars and the farms-where cows are kept repre- sent a capital investment of about two and one half billion dollars with another three hundred fifty million dollars Invested in, machinery. The manufacturing plants are s. further investment of over two hundred million.

"Canada has produced over seventeen billion pounds of milk in one year, enough in fill over seven billion quart bottles of milk. If it was put in eight-gallon cans, placed by side, they would more than reach around the world.

"The average consumer ill Can-. eds. consumes about five hundred qusris of milk in some form. or other each year, using more milk per person than in any other country tn the wol-ld.~ _

"Tho manufacture of butter re- quires the largest percentage of milk. Then comes the fluid milk and cream sales. About 80.000 far more supply milk to the fluid milk s.nd cream trade. There are more horses used bringing the milk from the producer to the consumer ‘than in any other industry. Several thousand horses and huge quantl-I ties of feed are sold to distributors annually.

“Prince Edward Island used more milk per person than any other province in Canada in i917. About 12,000,000 pounds milk per you is sold to the locs trade. I

"In the Oharlotbcto u us: regulations wereunt out in the‘ producer by the City Milk In- spector. the late Dr. Croken. In lt_ he instructed the producer as to methods of sanitation. They in- clude suggestions on such things u the oars cf the cow stable, cows, milk houses. etc.

“Ono of the greatest problems of the dairy farm is efficient farm help. I would like w quote Mr. RJ-I. Bailey, Past President of Dairy Farmers of Canada: "High cost of labour has become our problem. No longer will the dairy farmer be able to secure labour st. the old rates, or even at the pres- ent rstcs. In fact, owing to long hours and overtime, under living conditions (in the majority of cases) so different and inferior to those in urban centres, as compar- ed with shorter hours and nlgnel pay, there can be no successful competition for labour by the dairy industry in Canada. Men who have become used to the apparent ad- vsn-tsges of urban life are not go- ing back to the old job on the

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farm except if they have to and may that condition never occur s-

By Ken Reynolds

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zaln as it did in the thirties. The dairy industry is willing to pay the highest price for labour that the business will stand."

Great Clfe Needed

"In the production of fluid milk great care must be taken of the milk from the cow to the consum- er. If you cannot get men that will take an interest; then you arc going to run into trouble as it ls impossible for tllc producer to be on hand at all times,

Feed

“Most dairy farmers find fr. difficult at times to buy the pro- per proteln and other feeds for mlicli cows. In a summary made in Alberta it was found that 39.6 per cent of the grain rations were home grown grain. This means that every 100 pounds fed. about 60 pounds were bought. I have not figures for this province. but would think we feed even a higher $- ccntage of imported fecds.

Regular Suwly

“Yet another problem ls keep- ing up a regular supply of niiik. On our farm we should have a cow calve every two weeks. ‘fills would give us s. regular supply the year round. For some reason this year we find it very hard to get cows bred. Some we have bred several times before results, others we had to dispose of. This costs many dollars to keep up a regu- lar supply. This condition ls fair- ly general throughout the Mari- times.

"Good cattle are hard to find and when one is lucky to find them the price is hlgll. Grade cows sell up to $180.00 and pure bred one: up to $360.00. This takes the profit on many pounds of milk.

"Many farmers are finding it difficult to replace their barns and equipment. suitable help and material are hard to get and new equipment. when you do get it, is hard in pay for at present prices.

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‘uctlon

For the last five years the aver- age hoduotlon of the cows in Canada was 14.’! lbs. The lowest was 10.7 and the high year l‘! lbs. ln our province the last three years we have had a shortage of good pilsture and hay. For some reason we do not get the crops we d.id years ago. This had a great deal to do with the production per cow and possibly could have something to do with the lack of cows getting with call’.

Colt of Production

‘There are several ways of de- termining the cost of production of milk. One is where a number of farmers keep accurate account of all expenses covering costs as di- rected by an agricultural econom- lst. This'takes considerable time and you are months without re- suits. A very good survey was made in Ontario by this method, taken care of by R. H. Hare. A similar one was made in Quebec and another one in Alberta. Some of these surveys covered several years. Another system that ls used is where s. man is sent out and has a questionnaire filled in by s. number of farmers and the aver- age costs taken from it. PArhlPl the most popular one ls where a formula ls used such h the follow- ing to produce 100 lbs. milk st the Dominion Experimental Perm. Nappan:

Grain 30 lbs.; I-Iay 00 lbs.; Buc- culent 130 lbs; Labour 2.0 hours; Miscellaneous .55 cents.

-Thc items under miscellaneous include taxes. insurance, hauling charges. herd and equipment de- preclation. interest on investments. electric power for milk and cool- er, milking machine, lights, etc... telephone and veterinary services. bedding, fly spray. disinfectants and breeding. Those same items were shown in the Orltario Ser- vey.

The Ontario Commission on

milk. l. Concentrates. 30 lbs. (21 lbs. oats, 8 lbs. barley, '1 lbs. dairy

. concentrates.)

2. I-Iay. 00 lbs. mixed hay.

3. Silage. 10o lbs.

4. Pasture. l-30 of an sue j I00 lbs. milk on 12 111$ IQ-

age. i5. Labour. 3 hours. 6. Depreciation. Buildings. b p.c., Mlehinery and equipment ll I-z

7p.c. Herd 00 per cent.

7. Hauling.

l. Breeding. $5.00 per cow.

0. Miscellaneous. This includes balding, minerals, taxes, insurance, e

"Buildings were valued at $2100 for .20 cone. machine y and equip- ment valued at-01l00. cows were valued at 012.000 average produc- tion 8,000 lbs. In 1010 the aver- age cost was 04.10 for 3.4 per cent milk.

, “Perhaps Alberta has been doing more than any'cther province in

“ ‘ ' production costs. They, like Ontario, have many farmers keeping accounts under Mr. B. J. McBsln, Dairy Branch of Provin- cial Department of Agriculture. The Milk Commission there spent several weeks in obtaining infor- mation before setting prices.

At their hearing all evidence was

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given under oath and all classes had the opportunity cf giving evi- deuce.

The Alberta. prices are: Concentrates "Roughing: . Pasture, etc. Labour Buildings Hauling Total

"The labour figure here allows the farm owner the same price as his hired man and makes no pro- vision for management and super- vision. It includes no profit, so rliev allow 5f cents w cover these costs They fix the rate a1. $4.25 a civt. for 3.0 milk. _ .

"On our farm ue use a simple method to figure costs. We are feeding one lb. grain for every quart of milk, 25 lbs. hay or ro lgll. age and about 4U lbs, turnips o1" mangeis io each cow and our cows average about 20 lbs. milk pa: cow s. day.

Efficiency of Production

"I. think every producer rcallzcd the cheaper milk can be put on the market the more he will sell. Every economy must be practised not only in buying feed but in rais- ing our average production per cow. The svcl-uge production can be increased if we can arrange m have our cows freshen once every twelve months.

Feeding

"Some of Lllc farmers I talked with in Ontario tilougllt turnips were an expensive feed when ia- bour was counted and the food value taken into consideration. Several did not grow any but those that did not grow turnips had silos, others thought there was more feed in nlallgels. Those with silos said they could get a- long with less protein feeds and mill feeds. Another man I talk- ed with fed his cows, that is the grain mixture, o. balanced ration put up by a well-kilown company. No other grain was fed. His cows milked extra well on this ration. His costs were much greater tilan his own mixture. Several of his cows developed udder trouble which he blamed on the feed. That year the extra milk did not pay him for the extra cost.

Permanent Pasture

“There ts no doubt that cows pastured in the same field year af- ter year will give better pasture if some fertilizer and lime are used and if proper seeds age used when seeding. I am not sure as Yet just \Vll3i'. effect permanent pas- ture ls going to have Oll the rest of the farm. lt would seem in me ivilat I rlnl gaining in pas- ture I am more than losing in the fertility of my other fields.

Diseases of Cattle

“In this‘ area. there is rm‘? ill-lie disease among cattle. ‘There ls practically no Bangs disease. H0 tuberculosis and vol‘! “We mas‘ tltis, compared with Alberli cl‘ Ontario. There are some cases of vaglllitis but this can be cleaned up if care is taken of the aillnlais. I think we could and should make this a complete disease free area. This would give us a. better mar- ket for our livestock.

Pasteur-iced or Raw Milk

"Milk that comes in from a 1on8 distance and where cattle have l- lgrge percentage of Bangs disease. such us Ontario. should certainly be pasteurized. In this area. we have unpasteurized milk put on 1th; streettwohours afterbelng mlk from cows that have been tested and are free from Bans» duel!“- Tuhereulesis or nlastetitls. I wougl like to quote here from S. - Hounsfield. Medical Officer o! Health, from g Stormarkct, tEnB- land. "Clean raw milk or P35 9"" Tzed milk, which is the better? 0f course. the former. Wlilwutt g“ slightest doubt. We were no d in‘; tended to ilve in a slaw vvse- l‘ "_ and eat nothing but sterilized food. if this were possible for a time. then the first microbe would PIO- bably kill us".

"If wc sterilize or Fistful“ mm; wo might as well sterilize all raw foods, which is absurd. It i, most important for children and young adults to drink Diem)’ ° milk. The necessarY 1111101111‘ °* calcium salts cannot be suPPmd in sufficient quantities in an)’ other food. Let them drink it raw without fear and trembling‘. let be cooled as soon as milked an kept cool rather than healed. and is; us push on with a. camllflilit for producing clean milk. W‘; shag then get rid of evcry micro . l“ thank God for that.

Public Education Throulh Advertising

e more milk used by the con- sumer tlle better ii. is for all. producer sells more nliik. tllcvrils- tributor has nloro volume ho! business and the consumer a5 better health. In Ontario in: (lent per hundred 0000f“ °1'm is kept of! the producer. Th: distributor gives a like aifllbhlllilfik- This is put in a fund called u Foundation." Milk Found-c- o“. m; charge o! all advertisin! °l milk products in that. province 11:1,: educating the people o! the value of mllk- All “M? “we” tiselnents or circulars sent out dare checked by the nutrition divi on of Toronto University. This ll l =~ idea for sovsrtlslrm and should be savored w M1 W" inoes. The consumer is fairly N!‘ soluble and when he sees he is phyla‘ n just and reasonable rrwe- doea not kick. Therefore. W6 should, at all times. be we M costs and educate him to the costs and. problems of production.‘

Price Control

It is interesting to note that for slit-he psioeofmllkwentupz

unis a quart in a few weeks, in Alberta. when the produur. dis-

‘GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

New Cabinet

Provision of machinery for land drainage and greater attention to production of feed grain, ill ac- cord witn a suggestion made here recently by the Federal Minister of Agriculture as’ a solution to the high cost of imported grains, was urged in the Legislature on Tuesday by tile Hon. J. Wilfred Arsenault. newly appointed millis- ter without portfolio in the Jones

Member

0n The Draft Address

to solve it to some extent, by 4e. voting more land to the growing of feed grain."

Mir. Arsenault referred to s. similar suggestion made at re. cent agricultural meetings in the Province. “If in addition to grow. 111k a low more acres of grain on each farm it would be possible to establish small milling plants," the feed shortage situation would

Government. He was making his maiden speech in the Draft Ad- dress dobatc. j

“It is likely that within tile very near futurc this Province will be in a position to supply our farmers with motorized equipment with a vlew to clearing land that might be cultivated and to provide the farmers with nlachincry rc- quircd for drainage.” Mr. Arsen- uult said. "West of Sumiilcrside we have no hills; we have level land generally and as a. result of that we have many low-lying areas which the famners believe could be

be considerably improved," he 551d, I-Ie referred to the Premier's PWDOSCII of dissing up mussel- mud beds for use as fertilizer. He recalied_ that thirty years ago the people of ills vicinity were $11838. ed in this enterprise st the Ellis River. At that time the mud could be bought at the diggers for ten cents a load. The result was that many farms in that vicinity were completely mudded and have been Producing excellent crops. "'I‘llere is Justification for the Premiers belief that. the people of our lo. ffllity will welcome this policy. lrl

(lralfwd t0 800d Bdvfiniiilkfl- Th’ that they are near a source where Federal Milliflel‘ 0f Asrlvuli-ure. that excellent fertilizer can be MI‘. Gardiner. told our farmers obtained."

that if we have a feed problem on the Island we are in a position

"The northern section 01' our district la much more prosperous sgrlculturally than the southern section," he explained. "Many peo- pie are engaged in fishing in the southern section. The only village of any size is tile one in which I reside. Wellington. in which we ilsve during the past few years noted a considerable growth. With the return of many war veterans to that section we look forward to a growing expansion within the next few years. Tile bllnlster of Public Works will be asked to give us a hand in the expansion pro- gram which is new bcing~plan- ned."

trlbubor and consumer were ask- ed for Lileir opinion us to vvhctllcl the time had not arrived when the price of milk should seek liS own level. it. was tile unanimous opinion that the board be asked to continue to fix prices. This seems to be tile opinion of most people in the other provinces. That ls, the milk boards be retained. Organization

If there ls ally future for dairy farming in Canada. it i5 801118 i0 come about by all producers or;- llillzlllg in such a way that one will llelp tile other, and by unit- lug, llelp ourselves. We must d0 more for ourselves and not leave li. all for our Government. It ‘is an old saying that. “God hell” those who help tlloiilselvcs." "One of the best fllrlll orflim" izatlons in Canada. toiilly is tile Dauy Farmers of Canada. The? have e. meeting once each year when representatives from each province nleet to discuss tilelr problems. All resolutions from this meeting are passed on to the Federation of Agriculture.

The following are the objects of this group:

l. The betterment of the Dairy Industry and to ell-operate with any other organization lll the ill- tercats of the iild-usiry for a silidy anllurldorstandiilg of mutual prob- icons.

.\duIt Education

Mr. Arsenault referred to tllc llrokress made in adult education and ctr-operative enterprise at Mt. Carmel. Egniont Bay and Welling- ton during the past ten years, as o. result of n. movement fostered in this Province by St. Dunstanb University in collaboration with st. Francis Xavier University of Asltigorllsll.

"Tell years ego when it became known that it was possible in this Province to educate adults," he 561d. “I was responsible along with otllers lll bringing to Wellington experts in this line. From thgt modest beginning the peoplg m. day have placed tilerrlselves in s. position where they are more or less incicpcildcnt financially, Our credit unions after ten years do a business 01 $75,000 annually. our consumers’ co-operative s. business